Development of sensory and motor skills in children
The first experience of cognition begins in the infant period. At this time, the baby perceives surrounding objects not only visually, but also by touch. Tactile sensations help to accumulate knowledge about the properties of substances, and at 2-3 years the child already has an idea of the qualities of objects.
Game for developing hands and fingers
For your information! Sensorics helps a child gain the necessary life experience. Activities aimed at developing the senses improve mental and intellectual abilities.
Flexible, well-coordinated and easily moving fingers help your baby achieve a better level of perception. Such hand movements are called fine motor skills and require constant training.
Finger Theater
Progress of the game:
A hare appears with a basket and cries.
Educator : Why are you crying, little bunny?
Bunny: I bought gifts for my bunnies - shorts and skirts. While I was walking through the forest, I touched a bush and they tore. (Shows cardboard )
.
Educator : Don’t cry, bunny, we will help you. Children, let's pick up patches and patch up the holes. What do the holes in skirts and shorts look like?
Children: triangle, square and circle.
Educator : Correct.
The hare puts her shorts and skirts on the “stumps”
(tables on which patches are laid out in advance. Children approach the tables and complete the task.
The teacher asks each child what color of patch he put on and what geometric figure it resembles.
Hare: Thank you very much, children!
"Big and small balls"
.
Purpose: To teach to distinguish color and size (large - small)
; develop a sense of rhythm; pronounce words rhythmically.
Game task. Pick up balls for dolls.
Game rule. Choose the right balls by color and size.
Progress of the game. The teacher gives balls of different colors to look at (blue, green, red, yellow)
and different sizes
(large and small)
. Shows how they jump rhythmically and says: Jump and jump,
Everybody jump and jump
Sleep our ball
Not used to it.
The teacher brings out two dolls - a large and a small one - and says: “The big doll Olya is looking for a ball for herself. Little doll Ira also wants to play with the ball.” Invites the children to pick up balls for the dolls. Children select balls of the required size (for a large doll - a large ball, for a small doll - a small ball)
The doll Olya is capricious: she needs a yellow ball, like her skirt. The doll Ira is also angry: she needs a red ball, like her bow.
The teacher invites the children to calm the dolls: pick them the right balls.
"Hide the mouse"
Goals:
Continue to introduce children to the six primary colors and teach them to distinguish them. Develop reaction speed, attention, thinking. Strengthen knowledge about animals.
Material:
Demonstration: pieces of paper in six colors (20 - 15, in the middle there is a white square (8-8), on which a mouse is drawn (a mouse house, squares of the same six colors - doors (10x10), a large cardboard toy - a cat , a soft mouse.
Handout: this material is smaller in size - 10x8 colored sheets, 5x5 white squares on them, colored squares.
Features of children's development
The younger the toddler, the more delicate the manipulations with his hands should be. In the first months, this may include stroking and light massage. In the future, finger games will be a good help.
Important! The well-known “Ladushki” and “Magpie Crow” are striking examples of such activities for children under 2 years of age.
As your baby grows up, he develops favorite activities and games to develop fine motor skills. Their systematic use helps to develop the abilities necessary for further learning at school and in adult life.
Sensory games for children 2-3 years old. Card index
Card index of author's sensory games for young children
Author: Yanchenko Elena Anatolyevna, teacher of MBDOU, "Kindergarten No. 11", Seversk, Tomsk region Implementing the priority directions of my activities, creating a subject-developmental environment in the group, I have developed original games that, as experience shows, they create an emotionally positive atmosphere in the group, enrich the child’s surrounding world and develop all the baby’s sensory zones.
This development can be used in the work of educators, additional education teachers, and specialists working with children of early and preschool age. Sensory games for kids
“Hide the Mouse” Program content: develop children’s ability to distinguish colors (red, blue, yellow, green), teach them to select objects by color. Develop skills to examine objects. Cultivate a caring attitude towards animals. Recommendations: this game can be used during special moments in the morning and evening. Invite the children to hide the mice in houses of the appropriate color.
“Baby Book” Program content: develop children’s skills to assemble a whole from parts, distinguish colors. Develop fine motor skills of the hands. Cultivate perseverance. Recommendations: This manual can be used both in class and in your free time in individual work with children to create a whole from parts, to reinforce colors, and to develop fine motor skills. “Sensory doll “Vitaminka” Program content: to develop fine motor skills of children’s hands, attention. Cultivate perseverance and a desire to play. Recommendations: Practice with the sensory doll in your free time in the morning or evening. Teach your child to “feed” the doll, using large beans, first as shown by an adult, then independently, fix the names of the body parts.
“Summer Meadow” Program content: to develop children’s skills in unfastening and fastening zippers, buttons, and Velcro. Develop fine motor skills and attention. Foster a love of nature and a desire to play. Recommendations: Use the sensory mat during your free time in the morning or evening. Teach your child to unfasten and fasten zippers, buttons, and Velcro, first as shown by an adult, then independently.
Multi-colored sticks" Program content: develop children's ability to recognize and name primary colors (red, blue, yellow, green). Introduce the concepts: long, short, big, small. Develop fine motor skills of the hands. Cultivate a desire to play. Recommendations: This manual can be used both in class and in your free time in individual work with children to consolidate color, length, size. Sticks can not only be compared by length, but also formed into circles of various sizes. Thanks to the cereal that the sticks are filled with, they can be used to massage the palms.
“Funny Caterpillars” Program content: develop children’s ability to recognize and name primary colors (red, blue, yellow, green). Introduce the concepts: “long - short”. Develop fine motor skills and attention. Cultivate a desire to play. Recommendations: Work with caterpillars in your free time in the morning or evening. Teach your child to unfasten and fasten Velcro, first as shown by an adult, then independently. This manual helps to study and reinforce basic colors in a playful way, as well as the concepts of “long - short”.
“Noise cubes” Program content: to develop children’s ability to recognize and name primary colors (red, blue, yellow, green). Introduce children to pets and teach them to imitate them. Develop memory, attention, auditory perception, design skills. Cultivate a desire to play. Recommendations: This manual can be used both in class and in your free time in individual work with children to reinforce colors, animal names, and onomatopoeia. From these cubes you can build a tower, a house in which familiar animals will live, or you can play “train”, where animals ride in each trailer. The cubes are filled with cereal, so you can make noise with the cubes and get great pleasure.
“Put a butterfly on a flower” Program content: develop children’s ability to distinguish colors (red, blue, yellow, green), teach them to select objects by color. Develop skills to examine objects. Foster a caring attitude towards nature. Recommendations: this game can be used during routine moments in the morning and evening, as well as in class as a didactic game. Invite the children to plant a butterfly on a flower of the corresponding color: And here come the butterflies, They want to sit on the flower, They can’t choose a color, Come on, help them.
“Mushrooms in a clearing” Program content: develop children’s skills to distinguish and select objects by size, to form a whole from parts. Develop fine motor skills and object inspection skills. Foster a caring attitude towards nature. Recommendations: this game can be used during special moments in the morning and evening. Invite the children to assemble whole mushrooms from parts of different sizes, then attach them to the clearing using loops and buttons.
We recommend watching:
Didactic games for the development of sensory abilities of children from 1 to 3 years old Didactic games for young children with their own hands Verbal games for young children in kindergarten Game lesson on gender education for children of an early age group
Similar articles:
Role-playing game in early preschool age
Games, songs, exercises for younger preschoolers “Igralochka”
Educational games for children 2-3 years old in kindergarten. Card index
Didactic game for children 2-3 years old “Let’s feed the doll lunch”
Games to develop attention in young children
Didactic games for sensory and motor skills
Manufacturers offer a huge selection of products that can be classified as educational toys and used in educational games and activities.
Didactic game material has many directions, one of which is the development of a child’s fine motor skills. Having determined the age-related goals of students, with its help you can most effectively achieve your goals without unnecessary stress and overwork for the child.
Mosaic
Games for developing motor skills depending on age
At different ages, children are faced with goals of varying complexity. Nevertheless, they are all aimed at developing the qualities necessary for every person:
- formation of intellectual abilities;
- ability to think figuratively;
- ability to remember;
- desire to acquire new knowledge and skills.
Games for the development and education of preschool children
Important! Insufficient sensory development is a serious obstacle to school success and victories.
Junior and middle groups (3-4 years and 4-5 years)
A distinctive characteristic of children under 5 years of age is a pronounced ability to imitate. This must be taken into account both when creating a lesson plan and when teaching at home. It is much more effective to show what exactly needs to be done than to describe the actions required of the student.
Along with the usual pyramids, cubes, and mosaics, busy boards and textile books for children are becoming increasingly common.
Busyboard
Didactic games for the development of sensory and motor skills in the older group (5-6 years old)
As children grow up, they begin to enjoy learning construction sets with large parts, toys consisting of several easily connected parts, and large-sized puzzles.
In the senior group, under the guidance of a mentor, students sculpt and make appliqués from paper. Working with natural materials allows children's fingers to experience a variety of sensations and develop creativity.
Natural materials
Card index of games for sensory development in the preparatory group
It is important to teach a child aged 6-7 years to carefully and accurately perform movements that will help him master writing skills, as well as carry out self-care activities necessary in everyday life.
Children, without the help of a teacher, play with construction sets with small parts and assemble puzzles from small particles.
Note! A good exercise is folding origami figures. You can also do quilling and other types of papermaking.
Games for sensory development 2-3 years card index on psychology on the topic
Card index of games for sensory development
A child’s sensory development is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space, as well as smell and taste. The importance of sensory development in early and preschool childhood is difficult to overestimate. It is this age that is most favorable for improving the functioning of the senses and accumulating ideas about the world around us.
Games for sensory development for children of primary preschool age are aimed at developing fine motor skills of the fingers, which in turn leads to improved intellectual development and speech development. Sensory development, on the one hand, forms the foundation of the child’s overall mental development, on the other hand, it has independent significance, since full perception is necessary for the child’s successful education in kindergarten, at school, and for many types of work activities.
Card index of didactic games for sensory education
for young children (2-3 years old)
"Assemble a pyramid"
Goal: to develop the child’s orientation in contrasting sizes of objects.
Materials: pyramid of 4 – 5 rings.
Methodical techniques: the pyramid is assembled from a large one, consisting of 8 - 10 rings. For children of this age, such a pyramid is assembled through one ring, i.e., the difference in the size of the rings here is more contrasting.
“Folding a matryoshka doll with two inserts”
Goal: continue to teach simple actions with objects of different sizes.
Didactic material: a set of three nesting dolls (for each child and adult).
Methodical techniques: showing actions and comparing the sizes of different objects are accompanied by the words: open, close, small, large, smaller, larger, this, not that.
"Close the windows"
Goal: to teach children to correlate objects by shape and color at the same time.
Didactic material: 4 houses of different colors, with geometric shapes (windows) cut out in them.
Methodical techniques: close the windows in the houses with figures.
"Find the same one"
Goal: selection of items according to the sample.
Didactic material: three balls, three cubes of the same color and size.
Methodological techniques: the teacher invites children, while playing, to find objects of the same shape
"Let's dress the doll"
Goal: matching paired objects of the same color to a sample.
Didactic material: mittens in red and blue colors.
Methodological techniques: the teacher invites the children to put mittens on the doll. Places 4 mittens (2 red and 2 blue) in front of the children. He puts a red mitten on one hand and offers the children to put it on the other. If the children have completed the task, the game is repeated using blue mittens.
"Wonderful bag"
Goal: to consolidate children’s knowledge about shapes (cube, ball, brick).
Didactic material: a bag with objects of different shapes.
Methodical techniques: identify objects by touch.
"Put it in boxes"
Purpose: to fix children's attention to the color properties of objects.
Didactic material: multi-colored boxes, yellow and green figurines.
Methodological techniques: the teacher invites the children to match a yellow figurine to a box of the same color.
“Match the lid to the box”
Goal: selection of items according to the sample.
Didactic material: boxes of different shapes (round, quadrangular, rectangular, triangular) and corresponding lids.
Methodological techniques: the teacher, holding the child’s hand, traces the shape of the box’s opening with his finger. Then he shows the object, accompanying the action with a word. In front of the children, he lowers the object into the corresponding hole. After that, he offers the children this task.
"Colored sticks"
Goal: to fix children's attention on the color properties of toys, to form the simplest techniques for establishing the identity and color differences of homogeneous objects.
Didactic material: sticks of red, yellow, green, blue, white, black (10 of each color).
Methodological techniques: first, the teacher distributes the sticks himself, then invites one of the children to take any stick, see where the sticks of the same color are, and put them together, then do the same with a stick of a different color.
"Colored balls"
Goal: continue to strengthen the ability to group homogeneous objects by color.
Didactic material: colorful balls, baskets.
Methodological techniques: the teacher groups the first two pairs himself, placing balls of the same color (red) in one basket, and balls of a different color (yellow) in another basket, then involves the children in the grouping.
"Ribbons for dolls"
Goal: continue to teach how to fix attention on the size of objects and form the simplest techniques for establishing identity and color differences.
Didactic material: a box with ribbons of various lengths and colors, large and small dolls.
Methodical techniques: you need to dress up the dolls: for a large doll - a large bow, for a small doll - a small bow. For a large doll in a blue dress, we will choose a large blue bow, and for a small doll in a red dress, we will choose a small red bow (perform together with the children). Then the children choose on their own.
“Let’s tie a string to the ball”
Goal: grouping objects by color.
Didactic material: multi-colored circles (ovals), sticks of the same colors.
Methodical techniques: find a stick of the same color next to the red circle.
“Stringing rings of decreasing size onto a rod.”
Goal: continue to teach simple actions with objects (removing and stringing rings), enrich the visual and tactile experience of children. Didactic material: conical pyramid of five rings
Methodical techniques: on the table, all the rings are laid out in increasing order to the right of the pyramid. Then the pyramid is assembled in the appropriate order. The adult explains: “Here is the largest ring, here is a smaller one, this is even smaller, and here is the smallest.” Having covered the pyramid with the top, he invites the children to run their hands along the surface from top to bottom so that they feel that the pyramid is expanding downwards: all the rings are in place. The pyramid is assembled correctly.
"Pushing objects of different shapes into corresponding holes"
Goal: to teach children to compare objects by shape.
Didactic material: a box with holes of different shapes, the size of the holes in the box corresponds to the size of the cube and ball. It is important that the ball cannot fit into the hole for the cube, and the cube cannot fit into the round hole.
Methodological techniques: the teacher shows the children a box with holes, drawing their attention to the shape of the holes. By circling the round hole with his hand, the adult explains to the children that there is such a window; by circling the square hole, he says that there is also such a window. Then the teacher invites the children to place one ball at a time into the appropriate window.
"Funny Truck"
Goal: to form an idea of the shape and size of objects.
Didactic material: various geometric colored shapes (circles, squares, large and small rectangles).
Methodological techniques: the teacher shows how to build a truck from figures.
“Placement of round inserts of different sizes in the corresponding holes”
Goal: to strengthen children’s ability to compare objects by size.
Didactic material: inserts with large and small holes.
Methodical techniques: first, the child is offered an insert to cover the large holes; after the baby places the insert in the appropriate slot, he is given a small insert for the small hole.
Games with clothespins
"Sun"
Goal: learn to identify and name primary colors, and select the desired color based on a sample.
Didactic material: yellow circle, clothespins of two colors.
"Hedgehog"
Goal: to teach children to make choices by size and word; alternate in color and size.
Didactic material: planar images of a hedgehog and a Christmas tree, clothespins in green, white, black colors.
"Men of Color"
Goal: to teach children to design according to a model, to name the main colors and shapes, to promote friendliness in children.
Didactic material: geometric shapes and clothespins.
"Funny Clothespins"
Goal: to teach children to correctly take and open a clothespin, find its location by color.
Didactic material: a transparent container with colored stripes glued along the edge, a set of colored clothespins.
"Find a suitable patch"
Goal: learn to find identical geometric shapes (planar and volumetric).
Didactic material: geometric shapes.
Methodological techniques: the teacher distributes stencils of geometric shapes. Children select a shape that matches the shape from the set and insert it into the slot.
Sensory development games for children
junior preschool age (3-4 years)
"Decorate the butterfly"
Goals: To teach children to group objects by color. To consolidate knowledge about the geometric figure of a circle, about the concept of many - one, large - small. Develop fine motor skills. Materials: Butterflies of different colors, cut out of cardboard, circles of different sizes and colors. Progress of the game: The teacher shows the children butterflies and says that they have come to visit them. He says that the butterflies brought mugs of different colors with them and want the children to decorate their wings. The teacher offers to help the butterflies. First, he asks each child to choose mugs of one color from the four offered. At the same time, he invites one or the other child to choose mugs of the color they like. After all the children have chosen, the teacher gives them silhouettes of butterflies and invites them to decorate them. At the end of the game, the teacher praises all the children for decorating the butterflies and making them even more beautiful.
"Mend the bunnies' clothes"
Goals: To teach children to distinguish colors and use color names in speech. Strengthen the ability to recognize geometric shapes and name them (circle, square, triangle). Develop fine motor skills, color perception, attention. Materials: Silhouettes of clothes, geometric shapes cut out of cardboard. Progress of the game: A hare appears with a basket and cries. Educator: Why are you crying, little bunny? Bunny: I bought gifts for my bunnies - shorts and skirts. While I was walking through the forest, I touched a bush and they tore. (Shows cardboard shorts and skirts). Educator: Don’t cry, bunny, we will help you. Children, let's pick up patches and patch up the holes. What do the holes in skirts and shorts look like? Children: triangle, square and circle. Educator: Correct. The hare places her shorts and skirts on “stumps” (tables), on which patches are laid out in advance. Children come to the tables and complete the task. The teacher asks each child what color patch he put on and what geometric figure it resembles. Hare: Thank you very much children!
"Big and small balls."
Purpose: To teach to distinguish between color and size (large - small); develop a sense of rhythm; pronounce words rhythmically. Game task. Pick up balls for dolls. Game rule. Choose the right balls by color and size. Progress of the game. The teacher gives balls of different colors (blue, green, red, yellow) and different sizes (large and small) to look at. Shows how they bounce rhythmically and says: Jump and jump, Everyone jump and jump, Our ball is not used to sleeping. The teacher brings out two dolls - a large and a small one - and says: “The big doll Olya is looking for a ball for herself. Little doll Ira also wants to play with the ball.” Invites the children to pick up balls for the dolls. Children select balls of the required size (for a large doll - a large ball, for a small doll - a small ball). Doll Olya is capricious: she needs a yellow ball, like her skirt. Doll Ira is also angry: she needs a red ball, like her bow. The teacher invites the children to calm the dolls: pick them the right balls.
"Hide the mouse"
Goals: Continue to introduce children to the six primary colors and teach them to distinguish them. Develop reaction speed, attention, thinking. Strengthen knowledge about animals. Material: Demonstration: pieces of paper of six colors (20 - 15), in the middle a white square (8-8), on which a mouse is drawn (mouse house), squares of the same six colors - doors (10x10), a large cardboard toy - a cat, soft mouse. Handout: this material is smaller in size - 10x8 colored sheets, 5x5 white squares on them, colored squares. Progress of the game: Look, guys, what a little guest we have today. Who is this, right, a mouse? How small, fluffy, and gray she is. Pet her. Children take turns petting the mouse. - Do you know where the mouse lives? In the mink. Who is the mouse hiding from? From a cat. Look if there is a cat somewhere, otherwise our mouse is afraid. Can we help the mice hide in the hole? Now we will play with you the game “Hide the Mouse”. First, we will learn to play it together. I have Mouse houses. I arrange three houses on the demonstration board, next to them I place six squares of six colors. You see mice peeking out the window. To hide the mouse, you need to close the window with a door - a square of the same color as the house, otherwise the cat will come and see where the window is, open it and eat the mouse. I call three children in turn and ask them to close three windows in turn, I find out whether all the windows are well closed. If someone has made a mistake, I call the child to correct it. I take out the previously hidden cat, which goes to “catch mice.” “I’ll go and find where the mouse lives here. Children, have you seen the mouse? The cat leaves without finding the mouse. The children are given one piece of paper - a “mouse house” (I give those sitting next to each one a piece of paper of different colors) and six squares of all colors. “Now hide your mice while the cat sleeps. From the squares that lie on your plates, choose a square of the same color as your mouse’s house.” When all the children have completed the task, the cat “goes hunting” again. I walk at a stealthy pace with a cat in my arms, walk through the rows and see whose mouse is poorly hidden. At the same time, I give opportunity to children who have made mistakes. Correct the situation before the cat gets closer to them. If the mistake is not corrected, the cat takes the piece of paper with the mouse from the child. Everyone played well today, everyone hid their mice, only some of the guys made mistakes (I indicate exactly what mistakes were made). Next time they will definitely hide the mice well.
Game “Hide the Mouse” second option
Goal: To learn to determine the names of various geometric shapes, to correlate slots and liners by shape and size. For this game you need silhouettes of houses made of cardboard. There are mice painted in the windows of the houses. The windows on the houses are of different shapes: round, oval, square, triangular. You will also need covers for the windows (figures of the same shape and size as the windows in the houses). There should be one set of such houses and lids for each child. The teacher shows the children in which houses the mice have settled. “They are looking out the windows now.” Everyone’s windows are different: round, oval, square, triangular. The mice close these windows only at night, when they go to bed or when they see a cat nearby. Imagine that night has come and the mice need to close the windows. Take the lids and close the windows so that the shape of the window matches the shape of the lid, that is, so that the windows are tightly closed. (The teacher helps the children choose the right covers for the windows.) - Okay, now it’s morning, the windows need to be opened. The day has come. Suddenly, look who appeared (the teacher takes out a toy cat)?! You need to quickly hide the poor mice so that the cat doesn't eat them! The kids are closing the windows of the houses again, but now they are trying to do it as quickly as possible. — The cat left because it didn’t find a single mouse. You can open the windows of the houses and let the mice admire the evening dawn. But then night comes again, the mice go to bed, you need to close the windows.
Games with clothespins
Goals: The main goal of didactic games with clothespins is to develop fine motor skills in young children. Also, these games are aimed at developing the ability to compare and combine objects based on color. In addition, playing with clothespins helps develop a sense of one’s own movements and the formation of a positive attitude towards working together with an adult. They stimulate children's speech activity. Progress of the game: Adult: Guess the riddle. I swim under the bridge and wag my tail. Children: This is a fish. Adult: (shows a picture of a fish). That's right, it's a fish. Look at the picture and show where the fish’s eye is? Children show their little eyes. Adult: Where is her mouth? Children show the mouth of a fish in the picture. Adult: Where is her tail and fins? Children show tail and fins. Adult: Now let's make the fish ourselves. Children need to choose clothespins that match the color and add a tail and fins to each fish. Adult: Guess who this is: There are long, prickly needles on the back. And he curls up into a ball - no head, no legs. Children: This is a hedgehog. Adult: (shows a picture of a hedgehog). That's right, it's a hedgehog. Show me where his eyes, nose, ears are? Children show. Adult: Let's help our hedgehog find the needles. An adult gives the child a hedgehog cut out of colored cardboard, on which eyes, ears, and a nose are drawn, but there are no needles. Children attach clothespins to the back of the hedgehog. Adult: (stroking the hedgehog on his new needles). Oh! What a prickly hedgehog has become! Here's a new mystery. The prickly, green one was cut down with an axe. A beautiful, green one was brought to our house. Children. This is a Christmas tree. Adult: Yes, it’s a Christmas tree, but it’s crying. She lost all her needles. Don't cry, don't cry, Christmas tree! We will help you. An adult distributes triangles cut out of green cardboard to the children. Children choose green clothespins from the box and “return” its needles to the tree. Adult: (stroking the Christmas tree). Oh! The Christmas tree has pins and needles! Adult: Where is the sun? It has lost its rays. What color are the rays of the sun? Children. Yellow. Adult: That's right. Let's help the sun. Sun, look out, yellow, shine.
Polyanka
Objectives: Learn to group objects by color. Establish identities and differences in color of homogeneous objects. Learn to understand the words “color”, “this”, “not like this”, “different”. Progress of the lesson: Educator: Children, do you want to go for a walk? Let's go for a walk to the music. We arrive “to the clearing”. Oh, where are we? How did you guess? Right. Grass, trees, flowers grow in the forest. These are not just flowers, but houses for butterflies. Now, I will give each of you a cardboard butterfly toy. Music is playing. Children, let's “fly” with our butterflies. And now the butterflies are tired. Let's put butterflies in our houses. Be careful! Each butterfly must sit on its own house. They imprisoned me. The game helps to learn or reinforce learned colors in a playful way. You can repeat this with leaves of different colors.
Lacing game
The game guide is aimed at developing fine motor skills of the hand, refinement of finger movements, concentration, and promotes the development of eye accuracy, coordination and sequence of actions. It is a good way to prepare the hand for writing, trains perseverance, and often such a game calms the child. In this game, the development of imagination is also not forgotten: “embroidering” conventional contours in association with real objects is the basis for the development of abstract thinking, generalizations of properties, “seeing the essence of an object.” I develop manual dexterity. I play with lacing. I train logic AND fine motor skills!
"Traffic Light", "Bear"
Goal: Encourage the child to engage in independent activities; form a color representation, develop the skill of screwing caps. Develop fine motor skills, sensory skills, and coherent speech. Enrich your vocabulary. You can use the following exercises with corks - children unscrew and twist caps from plastic bottles to their necks. To fix the color, screw multi-colored corks to matching necks.
Match cups to saucers
Goals: To teach children to distinguish colors and use color names in speech. Develop fine motor skills and attention. Materials: Canvas, saucers and cups in different colors. Progress of the game: Saucers were first brought to the store. The sellers put them on the shelves. They put these saucers on the top shelf (shows) Which ones? (Children's answers). On the bottom - like this. What color are they? (Children's answers). Are the saucers on the top shelf and the ones on the bottom the same color? (Children's answers). Then the cups arrived. Let's help sellers choose the right cups for the saucers. They should be the same color as the saucers. The teacher places flat cardboard cups on the table. He instructs the child to match the cups to the saucers. Approves the actions of the child, who, after looking carefully at the saucers, selects all the necessary cups. He asks what color they are.
Beads
Goal: strengthening and development of fine motor skills, visual-motor coordination; distinguishing objects by shape, color and material; development of perseverance Materials: buttons of various sizes and colors; beads of different shapes, sizes, materials; wire, fishing line, thin thread. Progress: The presenter invites the child to make beads. You can suggest making beads according to the sample, and choosing buttons according to shape and color. Perhaps the child himself can offer his own version of making beads. After this, the child begins to create beads.
“Put the pieces in their places!”
Goal: To introduce flat geometric shapes - square, circle, triangle, oval, rectangle. Learn to select the right shapes using different methods. Materials: Flat geometric shapes (circles, squares, triangles). Montessori insert frame. Procedure: Take the figures out of the recesses and play with them: “Here are funny colorful figures. It's a circle, it rolls - like that! And this is a square. It can be installed. And now the figures are jumping (dancing).” Then invite the children to place the figures “in their beds”: “Evening has come. It's time for the figures to rest. Let's put them to bed in their beds." Give the children one figurine each and ask them to take turns finding a place for each of them. When the kids have laid out the figures, sum up the game: “Now all the figures have found their beds and are resting.” Then show and name all the figures again, without asking the children to repeat. This game can be repeated many times, changing its plot each time.
“Find a window for the figurine”
Goal: To teach children to correlate the shape of parts with the shape of the hole. Progress: The game is played with the participation of 3-4 children. The teacher lays out geometric shapes on the table and hands out cards with embossed figures to the children. The teacher suggests looking at the cards and circling the windows with their fingers. — Which figure is suitable for your window? If the child chooses the wrong figure, give him the opportunity to make sure that it is not suitable and offer to choose the next one. When the child finds a suitable one, you should praise him, demonstrate to the other players that the window has closed and invite him to open and close the window several times on his own. Then the next child selects a figure for his window.
Game "Magic bag"
Goal: To learn to determine the name of the smell of an object, to establish the relationship between the object and its smell; work on the ability to determine the name of an object, relying on the sense of smell, that is, the perception of smell. Various objects with a certain smell are placed in a bag made from any opaque fabric. These should be items that always smell the same (for example, lemon, apple, orange, flowers with a characteristic smell: geranium, lilac, rose; paint, fish, etc.). All these objects should be placed in separate boxes with holes to exclude the possibility of other (for example, tactile) perception of these objects. You can also blindfold each child and ask, “What is this?” while holding scented soap, baby cream, or a bottle of perfume in front of them. For the correct answer, rub your child’s hands with cream, perfume, or give him a flower that he correctly identified.
Game “Name the properties of materials”
Goal: To learn to determine the names of various properties of a material, to establish relationships between the material and its sensation. Demonstration material for the game: samples of materials that feel different to the touch (smooth tiles, plastic, linoleum, velvet, terry cloth, fur, flannel) glued to cardboard. Before playing, introduce children to different materials that feel different to the touch. To do this, you need to prepare a couple of samples of materials that clearly differ in feel. It can be smooth tiles, plastic, linoleum, velvet, terry cloth, fur, flannel. Glue the samples onto square sheets of cardboard. Let each child play with the squares and feel them. Talk with children about the different properties of materials: are they hard or soft, smooth or rough... When children remember their tactile sensations of different types of surfaces, mix up the squares and give each child one sample. Will they be able to find a match for this sample? Of course, children will be able to navigate not only with the help of tactile sensations, but also with the help of vision. But at the initial stage this will not hurt, as children will be able to gain confidence in their abilities. Then you can complicate the task. Let the children try to pick “doubles” blindly. In this case, they will navigate based entirely on tactile perception. When giving this task, ask the children to name the properties of materials: hard, soft, smooth, rough.
“Lay out the ornament”
Goal: to teach the child to identify the spatial arrangement of geometric shapes, to reproduce exactly the same arrangement when laying out the ornament. Material: 5 geometric shapes cut out of colored paper, 5 each (25 pieces in total), cards with ornaments. “Look at the ornaments in front of us. Think and name the figures you see here. Now try to make the same ornament from the cut out geometric shapes.” Then the next card is offered. The task remains the same. The game is over when the child has laid out all the ornaments shown on the card.
Game "Assemble a toy"
Goal: Work on the ability to differentiate various geometric shapes, relying on tactile and visual sensations, that is, develop tactile and visual perception. For this game, you need to make a silhouette of some toy (a hare, a bear or a doll) from plywood, foam rubber or cardboard, cut out the eyes, nose, mouth so that these parts can then be put in place. The inserts can be painted in appropriate colors. Children must independently find a place for each of the cut out parts and insert them into the slots for the missing eyes, mouth and nose. Gradually add new geometric shapes that are more difficult to distinguish (you can, for example, cut out patterns on a doll’s dress or on the clothes of a toy animal). Let the children insert the cut out pieces into the holes.
Game "Picture of Shapes"
Goal: To work on the ability to differentiate geometric figures of different shapes and sizes, relying on tactile and visual sensations, that is, to develop tactile and visual perception. This game requires sets of geometric shapes of different shapes (circles, triangles and squares) and two sizes (large and small) for each child: a total of 12 or 24 shapes (2 or 4 of each type). These figures can be made from cardboard or thin plastic. For the teacher, the same figures of a larger size are needed to secure them on the flannelgraph. This game is aimed at developing children's imagination and creativity. At the beginning of the game, the teacher shows the children on a flannelgraph what kind of drawings can be obtained if certain figures are placed next to each other. The teacher demonstrates to the children the method and procedure for constructing simple structures. After that, he invites the children to use their figures to lay out other drawings that they come up with themselves. The picture on the flannelgraph is removed so that children do not copy the finished image.
Game "Alternating flags"
Goal: To work on the ability to differentiate geometric figures of different shapes and sizes, relying on tactile and visual sensations, that is, to develop tactile and visual perception. For this game you need to prepare 4 - 5 triangular and rectangular flags for each child and the same number of flags, pasted on the back side with velvet paper, to attach them to a flannelgraph for the teacher. Flags for children can be made from cardboard. The teacher says that on holidays the streets are decorated with flags, but they are not hung haphazardly, but in the form of a garland, where flags of different shapes alternate. For example, like this (an adult attaches flags to a flannelgraph so that rectangular flags alternate with triangular ones). The teacher asks you to tell him which flag needs to be attached now: rectangular or triangular, and now, etc. After the children have thoroughly mastered the order of alternating flags, the teacher invites the preschoolers to make the same garland themselves from the flags that are on their tables. While the children are working, the teacher approaches each child and, if necessary, helps him place the flags correctly.
Card index of games for the development of motor skills in preschool educational institutions
It is not necessary to conduct classes using only purchased teaching sets and items. DIY games for fine motor skills in kindergarten are also suitable for successfully achieving the goal. For example:
- "Black White". The essence of the game is that you need to put black and white pebbles stored in one jar into two containers. This should be done based on color.
- "Find a toy." In a large container filled with millet or other grains, the children must find small toys (for example, from Kinder Surprise) buried among the grains. In the process, children pass grains through their fingers, making grasping movements.
- "Fun Geometry" Having the necessary supply of buttons, the child must lay out from them the outline of the geometric figure named by the teacher. For kids, you can simplify the task by first drawing a figure on paper, and they will have to lay out the buttons along the drawn line.
Lesson plan on the topic “Transport” in the preparatory group
Do-it-yourself didactic games on sensory education for the younger group of kindergarten
Do-it-yourself didactic games for sensory education of younger preschoolers.
Author: Natalya Vladimirovna Varshavskaya, teacher at MBDOU No. 54 “Freckles”, Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo region. Description: This material will be useful to inquisitive parents and preschool teachers. Explanatory note: In my opinion, the sensory development of children is an amazing source of enriching children's vocabulary, developing children's interest in a diverse world, improving children's thinking and other mental processes. Goal: making didactic games for sensory education with your own hands. Objectives: 1. to develop children’s ability to navigate the various properties of objects: color (red, yellow, blue, green), size (circle, triangle, square), shape (cube, ball, cone-roof, brick), quantity (many, one), distinguish between sizes: large - small, narrow - wide, high - low, long - short;
2. create conditions for enriching and accumulating children’s sensory experience during object-based play activities through games with didactic material; 3. cultivate in children the ability not to be distracted from the task at hand, to bring it to completion, and to strive for a positive result. Sensory education occupies a huge place in the pedagogical process. It is carried out systematically and systematically. In direct educational activities, this is the inclusion of sensory education tasks. Their connection with meaningful activities for the child allows the teacher to form sensory processes and promote the mental development of children. By practically acting with objects, the child accumulates sensory experience. In everyday life, the child’s personality is enriched through direct communication with nature, with the phenomena of social life, with the world of objects created by human hands. Therefore, in direct educational activities with young children, on sensory development, the following tasks were set and solved: 4. to develop children’s ability to navigate the various properties of objects: color (red, yellow, blue, green), size (circle, triangle, square ), shape (cube, ball, cone-roof, brick), quantity (many, one), distinguish between sizes: large - small, narrow - wide, high - low, long - short; 5. create conditions for enriching and accumulating children’s sensory experience during object-based play activities through games with didactic material; 6. cultivate in children the ability not to be distracted from the task at hand, to bring it to completion, and to strive for a positive result. These problems were also solved in creating a gaming environment and developing new didactic games. I created a sensory zone - a sensory environment consisting of didactic games that enrich children's perception, develop visual focus, attention, motor skills, tactile senses, and stabilize the emotional state. We use the sensory zone as an additional tool for accumulating sensory experience for children. In independent activities with children to accumulate sensory experience, I set the following tasks: 1. create conditions for relieving feelings of anxiety in children; 2. help improve the emotional state of children; 3. create an atmosphere conducive to brain activation based on sensory didactic games; 4. develop children's ability to act independently. In the process of creating a sensory zone, I gave preference not to purchasing ready-made materials, but to playing games made with my own hands. In didactic games, I strive to interest children through the vivid image of objects, surprise moments, and the emotional speech of the teacher. The color scheme of the games consists of the main four colors, and all four colors are the key to each game. Work with children is carried out mainly individually or in a subgroup of 2-3 children. The selection of games is varied: for recognizing, naming and fixing colors, grouping homogeneous and dissimilar objects by color, shape, size, fixing the size of objects, geometric shapes, comparing objects by color, shape, size. I believe that all games made by hand should be made aesthetically. All the didactic games that I use in free activities with children, I systematically include in the daily plan of educational work. Moreover, both in the first half of the day and in the second, in order to consolidate and systematize knowledge. At the same time, I take into account the individual developmental characteristics of each child. Using a variety of didactic games to accumulate children’s sensory experience, I noticed that children more easily adapt to the conditions of kindergarten, children more confidently accumulate ideas about color, shape, size, showing a desire to act together with the teacher, with peers and independently. I would like to note that didactic games will give good results only if the teacher clearly understands what tasks can be solved in the process of conducting them. As a result of additional work in the form of didactic games, children showed positive dynamics of sensory development in the field of examination of objects, visual perception, perception of shape, color, size, and orientation in space. Using the sensory zone in free activities with children, I was convinced that when playing, children better assimilate program material; in addition, didactic games contribute to the development of memory and thinking in children. By attracting children's attention to sensory didactic play, I noticed that children develop such qualities as interest and curiosity. Children develop purposefulness, activity, planned action, restraint, organization; achieving results causes a feeling of joy and good mood. This joy is the key to the successful development of children at the early age stage and is of great importance for further education. I offer three games made by myself. I hope my experience will help you too! Didactic game “Dress up the sun”
Goal: development of sensory perception, formation of visual-motor coordination based on actions with objects. Objectives: To consolidate children’s ideas about colors and their shades, the ability to group objects by color, learn to compare objects by color by applying them to each other, to form hand-eye coordination based on actions with objects, to introduce the concepts of “such”, “not” such”, “same”, “different”. Cultivate friendly relationships between children, the ability to play collectively. Develop fine motor skills of the hands. Game options:
Option No. 1 “The sun smiled.”
Children lay out a sun with the image of “open eyes”. The adult invites all the children to stand in a circle, hold hands and smile at the sun and at each other. Option No. 2 “Let’s dress up the sun.” An adult or children place an image of the sun with “open eyes” in the center of the table. Children are invited to “dress up the sun,” that is, by applying it to the main sun, the child places the rays in a circle. Next, the child needs to find a bow that matches the color and decorate the ray by applying it. Option number 3 “The sun fell asleep.” An adult or child turns the sun over to the reverse side, i.e. with the image of “closed eyes”, and invites the children to hide the rays and bows in a “house” (a beautiful box), while naming a color they are familiar with. For example, a red ray and a red bow hid in a “house”. The game is considered finished when all the rays and bows are hidden in the house. Author's didactic game “Dress up a matryoshka”
(junior preschool age).
Goal: To teach children to memorize geometric shapes. Teach grouping objects by color, correlating objects by shape using the overlay method. Improve tactile sensations. Develop fine motor skills of the hands. Teach children to focus on the color properties of objects. Material: 4 nesting dolls with geometric patterns, geometric shapes, “paths”. Description of the game. Option number 1 – “Dress up”! The child takes a matryoshka doll and uses the overlay method to lay out geometric shapes along the contour. The game is considered complete if all the contours are covered with geometric shapes of the desired color.
Option No. 2 – “Tracks for nesting dolls”.
The child takes the “track” he likes and places on it figures of the same shape, but different in color.
The game is considered over if all the pieces are laid out on the track or until the entire track is filled with: triangles, circles, rectangles, squares. Option No. 3 – “Matryoshka on the path.” This option is for children who did a good job with options No. 1 and No. 2. The child chooses the matryoshka doll he likes and “dresses up” it. Fills all contours with geometric shapes. After that, he takes any path for his nesting doll and lays out geometric shapes (of different colors) on it. Option number 4 – “Find the matryoshka its path.” The last version of the game will allow the child to consolidate all previous versions of the games. The child takes a matryoshka doll in a red scarf and lays out all the geometric shapes on it along the contours. Then he needs to find a “path” with a red geometric figure and lay out all the triangles (different in color) on it. The game is considered finished if the nesting dolls remain on the paths. Didactic game "Washing machines"
Goal: Development of sensory skills. Objectives: 1. Reinforce the names of primary colors, teach them correct pronunciation, introduce different types of clothing (dress, skirt, trousers). 2. Develop color perception (the child must distinguish colors well). 3. Develop logical thinking (when deciding which washing machine to put the blue dress or yellow hat into). 4. Develop fine motor skills (you need to take a small piece of cardboard with your fingers and lower it into the hole in the washing machine). 5. Cultivate attentiveness, perseverance, the desire to complete the work started, responsiveness and the desire to help the doll Tanya.
We recommend watching:
Didactic games for children of the first junior group Didactic games with buttons for children 3-4 years old Educational games with Dienesha blocks in the junior group Do-it-yourself didactic manual “Draw paths” for the junior group
Similar articles:
Didactic games on physical development in the 2nd junior group of preschool educational institutions
Methods of using didactic games in kindergarten in the junior - middle group
Didactic games for developing the abilities of preschoolers 3-5 years old to identify the properties of objects
Didactic games for sensory development for different groups
The main task of a didactic toy is to teach something new and develop certain skills.
You can build a didactic lesson as a speed competition between participants performing actions that are often encountered in real life:
- tying and untying shoelaces or bows;
- unbuttoning, making the bed, dressing the doll;
- cooking game for dolls with small utensils;
- assistance in setting the table, washing and wiping dishes after meals.
Card index of games for sensory development in kindergarten
It is important for a child to learn to develop an understanding that even objects of the same shape and color can differ from each other in texture and be different to the touch. This can be achieved by using plasticine, salt dough, felt, wool for felting, various buttons, beads, sticks, as well as a variety of materials.
Note! Activities with bulk toys, working with different types of paper, and playing with strings fit perfectly into the sensory development program.
Diagnosis of the development of fine motor skills and sensory skills in children in kindergarten
By the time they graduate from preschool, all children should be prepared for the upcoming entry into 1st grade. For this purpose, intermediate and then final diagnostics of acquired knowledge and skills are carried out, and they must comply with the Federal State General Educational Standard (FSES).
According to authoritative experts in the field of child psychology and pedagogy, the baby’s mind is concentrated in his fingertips. Therefore, systematic play activities that develop sensory abilities and fine motor skills will bring invaluable benefits to the growing body.
