Open lesson on life safety “Fire safety measures. Rules for safe behavior in case of fires"
“Fire safety measures.
Rules for safe behavior in case of fires"
8th grade
Target:
1. Educational
a) know:
— rules for safe behavior in case of fires and methods of evacuation from a burning building;
— basic measures to protect students in case of fire in the school building;
— about the main causes and consequences of the fire;
b) have the skills to carry out fire protection measures;
c) have an understanding of the consequences of fires and measures taken to protect against them.
2.Educational
– to form a culture of life safety, collectivism, mutual assistance skills, resourcefulness in difficult situations
* The purpose of using information technology in the lesson:
- make the lesson modern (in terms of the use of technical means);
- bring the lesson closer to the worldview of the modern child, who watches and listens more than reads and speaks, and prefers to use information obtained using technical means;
— expand the possibilities of presenting material emotionally and figuratively.
Tasks:
— to achieve clear ideas among students about the benefits, dangers and harm that fire can bring, and ways to ensure fire safety in everyday life;
-continue to develop the habit of observing fire safety rules, caring for your life, such qualities as prudence, resourcefulness, composure
Equipment :
1.presentation;
2.computer; 3.projector; 4.screen; 5.gas deflection; During the classes
I.Organizational moment.
Hello! Today we have gathered for a very important and interesting conversation. Look at the screen.-(slide 1. video)
-What do you think we will talk about in class today? (about fire safety)
In our country there is a powerful structure - the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, which is ready to act in the complex environment of emergency situations of various types. And its strength lies not only in modern high-tech equipment, but also in human resources. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia employs trained employees who sincerely love their job (slide 2)
II . Setting educational goals. Lesson topic message.
The powerful structure of the Ministry of Emergency Situations includes fire departments. This lesson will focus on fires, rules of conduct during a fire, first aid, and protecting health and life.
III . The main part of the lesson.
-What does the word “fire” mean?
1.Historical excursion. (student message)
Fire –
an old Russian word that radiates fire and smells of bitter smoke. Fire plays an extremely important role in human life. Warming our homes, cooking, the development of science and technology is associated with fire. But there was a time when people did not know fire. They ate raw food, in the winter cold they froze from the cold, large predatory animals attacked people. It took man thousands of years to learn how to make and use fire. Ancient people worshiped fire as an incomprehensible and formidable deity, the mysterious brother of the sun. This is reflected in numerous legends, tales and tales of past years.
Ancient Greek myths tell how Prometheus stole fire from Zeus, gave it to people and was severely punished for this (slide 3)
Fire is a friend.
Mastery of this greatest elemental force of nature made it possible for man to provide himself with light and warmth.
Fire is a symbol.
With naked heads, people look at the eternal flame at the monuments to the heroes who selflessly fought for their Motherland.
The fire, lit from the rays of the sun in distant Olympia, is carried in a torch relay by runners, cyclists, rowers, yachtsmen, gymnasts, paying tribute to the noble traditions of the ancient world (slides 4,5)
Fire is the enemy
. As a result of the fires, the works of previous generations turned to dust. The fire destroyed millions of human lives. In terms of their tragic consequences, fires were not inferior to epidemics, droughts and other disasters.
Student message
Since time immemorial, fire has been a companion to large and small wars. It was used by tyrants to achieve their ambitious goals, by inquisitors who sent heretics to the stake, by crusaders who enslaved peoples.
The chronicle tells how Princess Olga in 946, with the help of fire, brutally dealt with people who rose up to fight against the grand ducal power. She besieged their main city, Iskorosten, but the multi-day siege did not break the resistance of the rebels. Then Olga demanded that the townspeople pay the debt in pigeons and sparrows. When the birds were collected, Olga's squad tied pieces of oiled and set fire tow to their paws. The birds flew to their nests, and within minutes the city was on fire. The people rushed to save their homes and property, Olga’s squad broke into Iskorosten and destroyed it (slide 6)
2. Laws of the Russian Federation.
So what is a fire? (slide 7)
On November 18, 1994, the fire safety law was adopted. It states that in educational institutions it is necessary to teach children fire safety through special programs. This is what life safety lessons do (slides 8,9)
Article 34. Rights and obligations of citizens in the field of fire safety
Citizens are obliged:
- comply with fire safety requirements;
- have in the premises and buildings in their ownership (use) primary fire extinguishing means and fire-fighting equipment in accordance with fire safety rules and lists approved by the relevant local government bodies;
- If fires are detected, immediately notify the fire brigade;
- before the arrival of the fire department, take all feasible measures to save people, property and extinguish fires;
- assist the fire department in extinguishing fires;
- comply with orders, regulations and other legal requirements of state fire inspection officials;
Article 38. Liability for violation of fire safety requirements
Responsibility for violation of fire safety requirements in accordance with current legislation lies with:
Citizens for violation of fire safety requirements, as well as for other offenses in the field of fire safety, may be subject to disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability in accordance with current legislation.
3. Fire safety rules at school.
WATCHING THE VIDEO
4. Personal protective equipment in case of fire.
In classrooms of educational institutions, fire spreads at a speed of 1-1.5 meters per minute, in corridors - 4-5 m/min. When furniture and paper burn in classrooms, carbon monoxide accumulates in the air, which becomes fatal when inhaled within 5-10 minutes. Therefore, in such situations it is necessary to use personal protective equipment (slide 23)
.
How to put on a gas mask correctly?
To put it on you need to: remove the headdress; take out the gas mask; take the helmet-mask with both hands by the thickened edge at the bottom so that the thumbs of the palm are outside and the rest are inside; hold the breath; close eyes; place the lower part of the helmet-mask under the chin and with a sharp movement of the hands up and back, pull the helmet-mask over the head so that there are no folds, and the spectacle assembly is located against the eyes; eliminate distortions and folds if they formed when putting on the helmet mask, exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing.
To put on a gas mask while lying down, you must: hold your breath, close your eyes; remove the headdress; take the gas mask out of the bag and put it on; exhale, open your eyes, resume breathing.
When putting a gas mask on a wounded person, it is necessary to sit or lay the wounded person down, taking into account his condition and situation, remove his gas mask from the bag and put it on the wounded person’s head.
5. Practical part - putting on a gas mask.
Those interested can demonstrate putting on a gas mask.
6. Completing test tasks on the topic “Fires in residential and public buildings, their causes and consequences
"(work in pairs)
1.
Fire is:
a) the ignition of various materials and substances with a large release of heat and smoke;
b) the combustion process, determined by the presence of combustible material, oxidizer and temperature;
c) uncontrolled combustion causing material damage, harm to the life and health of citizens, and the interests of society and the state.
Answer: c.
2. The largest number of fires in everyday life is caused by:
a) careless handling of fire by a person;
b) improper operation of stove heating;
c) malfunction and improper operation of electrical appliances.
Answer: a.
3. The most dangerous damaging factors of a fire are:
a) open fire and low oxygen concentration;
b) a lot of smoke;
c) ambient temperature and toxic combustion products.
Answer: c.
4. The greatest danger is from fires that occur:
a) in transport;
b) in the residential sector and public places;
c) at an economic facility.
Answer: b.
5. How to properly leave a room if there is a fire and smoke in it?
a) bending down to the floor;
b) breathing through a wet cloth;
c) using both of the above methods.
Answer: c.
7. Summing up
.
— List the main factors of fire;
— What is the main enemy when evacuating a burning building?;
— What does the law require from citizens in the field of protecting the population from fires?
— Why was the fire service created? Its essence and meaning; (students' answers)
Really
The fire department was created to protect the population from fires and to provide assistance to victims of fire. It is known that without fire protection, not a single state, not a single city, town, or any settlement can exist. A fire is a terrible disaster for any of us. And at this moment the most needed person in the world is a firefighter.
8. Watch a video about the importance of the Firefighter profession
9. Homework
: write an essay on the topic: “The way we put out fires is better to prevent them.”
We talked a lot about how to behave correctly during a fire. You know and can do a lot. But we still hope that this emergency will not happen at our school (slide 25).
I wish everyone good luck. Thank you for your attention!
Open lesson on life safety
Teacher: Dalaev R.A.
Plan - summary of a lesson on life safety for grade 5 “Fundamentals of human life safety”
Lesson 5. Fundamentals of human life safety
The purpose of the lesson. Give students general concepts of dangerous and emergency situations that they may encounter in everyday life, drawing the children’s attention to the main reasons for their occurrence. To form a belief in the need to be prepared for safe behavior in various life situations to reduce risk factors for life and health. Give students the telephone numbers of the main city services that provide protection to the population, and the rules for calling them.
Questions studied
1. Dangerous and emergency situations and their classification according to the place of occurrence.
2. General rules for ensuring life safety.
3. The main city services that are created to protect the population, and the rules for calling them.
Recommendations for presenting educational material
1. Draw students’ attention to the fact that in the process of human life there are always various dangers (the danger of a traffic accident, fire, criminal danger, etc.).
Under certain circumstances, any danger can cause a dangerous or emergency situation.
Define dangerous and emergency situations and draw attention to the significant difference between a dangerous situation and an emergency.
An emergency situation differs from a dangerous situation primarily in the severity of the consequences.
Emphasize that in most cases, dangerous situations are created by the person himself, violating generally accepted norms and rules of behavior (“human factor”).
Explain to students that the most common dangerous and emergency situations, depending on the dangerous phenomena and events that caused their occurrence, are divided into three groups:
• natural;
• technogenic;
• social.
2. Draw students’ attention to the fact that a person’s personal safety in everyday life largely depends on himself, on his ability to comply with generally accepted rules of safe behavior and correctly respond to various dangerous and emergency situations that may arise in everyday life.
Further emphasize that in order to reduce the undesirable consequences of a dangerous or emergency situation, it is necessary to be able to anticipate a dangerous situation, try to avoid it if possible, and if you find yourself in a dangerous situation, behave accordingly.
Introduce students to the basic rules for ensuring personal safety in everyday life:
• constantly consider various situations that can be encountered in everyday life, thinking through your behavior in them;
• constantly improve your physical qualities by engaging in physical education and sports, hardening the body;
• constantly cultivate strong-willed qualities that will help you maintain calm in difficult situations and find the optimal way out of it.
3. Inform that in order to protect people from the consequences of dangerous and emergency situations, special services have been created and operate in our country, the telephone numbers of which and the rules for calling them must be known.
Main services and their telephone numbers
• Rescuers and firefighters 01
• Police 02
• Ambulance 03
• Gas emergency service 04
• Rescue service 937-99-11
To call these services by phone you must:
• dial the service number;
• briefly inform the dispatcher about the reason for calling the service;
• provide your exact address (street, house and apartment number, floor, entrance, code);
• state your last name and the telephone number from which the call is being transmitted;
• write down the name of the duty officer who accepted your call.
Control questions
1. What are dangerous and emergency situations, what is their difference?
2. What groups are dangerous and emergency situations divided into?
3. What do you need to learn to ensure your personal safety?
Homework
1. Study § 1.5 of the textbook.
2. Write down in your safety diary the telephone numbers of services that ensure the safety of residents of your city.
Debate on the topic
After studying the topic, conduct a debate on the topic: “Is life in the city dangerous for a person or attractive?”
