Lesson on life safety in 8th grade “Fire fighting in residential and public buildings, their causes and consequences”

During the classes

1. Organizational part of the lesson

2. Identifying knowledge about available means of extinguishing fires .

-Tell me what can be extinguished with water?

-What natural materials can be used to extinguish a fire ?

3. Study of new material. Types of fire extinguishers:

chemical foam (type OHP-10, carbon dioxide (types OU-2, OU-5), powder (types OP-1, OP-2, “Moment”

).

Demonstration of the operation of a chemical foam fire extinguisher (type OHP-10)

.

Chemical foam fire extinguisher (type OHP-10, used for extinguishing solid flammable substances, flammable and combustible liquids.

To activate it you need:

— clean the spray with a pin;

— turn the handle 180 degrees clockwise;

- grab the handle with your right hand, the bottom with your left and shake;

— direct a stream of foam at the source of fire.

The duration of the fire extinguisher is 1 minute, the jet length is 6 meters.

5. Consolidation of the studied material.

Name the types of fire extinguishers and their features.

Practicing skills with a fire extinguisher (type OHP-10)

.

Homework: page 150.

Lesson #4. Forest fires .

Target:

— familiarization with the classification of forest and peat fires .

— understanding the causes and consequences of forest and peat fires .

Methodological support: map of Russia, posters, video film.

What is fire safety?

Fire is an uncontrolled combustion process that causes material damage and danger to human life and health.
Fire safety is a condition of an object in which the possibility of a fire is excluded, and if it occurs, the necessary measures are taken to eliminate the negative impact of fire hazards on people, structures and material assets.

Combustion is the main process in a fire, therefore, the study of the phenomenon of combustion should begin with a consideration of the mechanism of elementary reactions, and then move on to an idea of ​​it at the level of Gross reactions - reactions from the standpoint of general and chemical thermodynamics.

This approach to the problem of combustion provides an understanding of the variety of practical issues that fire specialists face in their daily activities, be it fire prevention, the dynamics of their development, or extinguishing issues.

For combustion to occur, the presence of three factors is required: a combustible substance, an oxidizer, and an ignition source. Oxidizing agents can be oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen oxides and others. In addition, it is necessary that the combustible substance be heated to a certain temperature and be in a certain quantitative ratio with the oxidizer, and the ignition source must have a certain energy.

Fire hazards affecting people and property include:

1. flames and sparks;
2. heat flow;
3. increased ambient temperature;
4. increased concentration of toxic combustion and thermal decomposition products;
5. reduced oxygen concentration;
6. reduced visibility in smoke.

Associated manifestations of fire hazards include:

1. fragments, parts of collapsed buildings, structures, structures, vehicles, technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
2. radioactive and toxic substances and materials released into the environment from destroyed technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
3. removal of high voltage to conductive parts of technological installations, equipment, units, products and other property;
4. hazardous factors of an explosion resulting from a fire;
5. exposure to fire extinguishing agents.

Fires cause enormous material damage and in some cases are accompanied by loss of life. Therefore, fire protection is the most important responsibility of every member of society and is carried out on a national scale.

Fire protection has as its goal finding the most effective, economically feasible and technically sound methods and means of preventing fires and extinguishing them with minimal damage with the most rational use of forces and technical means of extinguishing.

Fire safety can be ensured by fire prevention and active fire protection measures .

During the classes

1. Organizational part

2.Front survey:

— Name the types of forest fires .

— Name the peculiarity of underground fires .

— List the primary damaging factors of forest fires .

3. Learning new material

Hazardous conditions (high air temperature, presence of dry grass, trees)

.

Rules of conduct in the forest:

Do not light a fire in hot weather, do not throw burning matches into dry grass, and do not leave glass in the forest.

In case of fire, urgently determine a place of shelter from the fire (pits, ravines)

.

Leave the danger zone perpendicular to the direction of fire movement

towards the wind. Protect your respiratory system. You can't run with your clothes on fire!

It’s better to throw it off or put out the fire by rolling on the ground.

Practicing actions:

The class is divided into two teams, each receives task cards (show with gestures)

.

Quests: You are in the forest (taiga)

smelled smoke. Your actions.

Tasks: You are in a forest area where a fire has broken out due to a fire . Your actions.

Homework: pp. 120-123, create a memo “Rules for safe behavior during forest fires ”

Lesson #6. Fires and explosions at fire and explosion facilities .

Target:

-familiarization with the concepts of fire and explosive objects;

— consolidation of the concept of fires and explosions ;

— education of responsibility for one’s life.

Methodological support: video, posters

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During the classes

1. Organizational part.

2. Studying new material.

Fires and explosions are the main sources of man-made emergencies. They most often occur at fire and explosion hazardous facilities, as well as:

— in residential and social buildings, on communications of industrial facilities;

— at facilities for the production, processing and storage of flammable and explosive substances;

— in mines, in the subway;

Fire is an uncontrolled process of combustion of substances and combustible materials.

An explosion is a combustion reaction in which the rate of heat release exceeds the rate of its dissipation.

Combustion is a physical and chemical process of transformation of flammable substances and

materials into combustion products, which release heat, smoke and light radiation.

Fire conditions : flammable substances and materials; oxidizing agent (oxygen, ignition source.

Flammability groups of materials: combustible (wood, bitumen, plastic,

low-flammability (fibreboards, particle boards, non-flammable (brick, metal, gypsum, marble, granite)

.

Watching a video.

3. Consolidation of the studied material

— give a definition of explosion and fire objects .

— name the difference between fire and explosion .

— name the flammability groups of materials.

Homework: pp. 21-32, abstract.

Lesson #7. Rules for safe behavior in case of fires and explosion threats

Target:

— gaining knowledge in the field of fire safety ;

— education of responsibility for one’s life.

Open lesson on life safety “Organization of notification of man-made emergencies” (grade 8)

Open life safety lesson in 8th grade on the topic

“Organization of warning the population about man-made emergencies”

Teacher-organizer of life safety Fursov V.F., Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 3, Fryazino, Moscow Region

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Updating knowledge

1. Solving the crossword puzzle

Teacher:

— I want to start the lesson by solving the crossword puzzle that Professor Galileo compiled for you (presentation).

-Read the keyword (catastrophe). A disaster can be considered as a special type of emergency. What kind of emergency situations happen? (natural and man-made). Well done!

— Why do you think disasters happen?

Disasters can occur because people in an area exposed to hazards are not aware of them, much less how to avoid them or what protective measures to take.

Let's remember what an emergency is? Give a definition.

(Emergency situation (ES) is a set of conditions and circumstances that create a dangerous situation for human life at a specific facility, territory, resulting from an accident or disaster, a dangerous natural phenomenon.)

2. Work in micro groups.

The class is divided into 3 groups. Each group receives a card with a practical task. Group participants need to answer the questions on the card within 5 minutes and complete the practical part.

Practical task (situation) for group I: Determine the type and cause of the danger. You are alone at home. Watch TV. Suddenly the picture disappeared on the TV, noise and crackling appeared. The chandelier began to sway, dishes fell, and whitewash crumbled. You feel the building shaking. Your actions (play out the situation).

Practical task (situation) for group II: You have been taken hostage. How should you behave to reduce the threat to your life?

Practical task (situation) for group III:

1.Answer the questions:

— What is PPE?

— What is PPE intended for and in what cases are they used?

— What personal protective equipment do you know?

2. Task:

a) make a cotton-gauze bandage and show how to put it on;

b) show how to put on a gas mask correctly.

II. Learning a new topic

Teacher: A person is surrounded by various dangers throughout his life.

Question: What dangers do you know?

Yes, these are natural hazards and hazards resulting from human activities, i.e. technogenic hazards.

-Give examples of hazards (natural: earthquake, flood, storms, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, etc.; man-made: fires, building collapse accidents, etc.)

Question: Why did I put the word alert in this diagram? (To bring information to the population about the danger that has arisen and to familiarize them with the rules of protection and evacuation in cases of threat to life and health).

Choose words with the same root.

Students select words (news, news, broadcast means to speak).

Teacher: The ancient Greeks said: “Forewarned is forearmed.”

Question: What do you think is the topic of our lesson?

Yes, today we will study the topic “Organization of warning the population about man-made emergencies.” Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook. When studying this topic, you will learn what a warning is, why it is necessary in the context of man-made emergencies, as well as the importance of these measures.

Question: What do you mean by “notification”? Try to formulate the concept of what an alert is (students’ answers).

Warning is the timely delivery to the population of danger signals and the necessary information about the situation and the procedure for behavior in the current conditions. The population must be aware of dangerous events, especially if they are associated with imminent danger. If a person is warned in a timely manner, it means that he has the opportunity to meet and repel a threat to his life and health. The civil defense system has a warning service for this purpose.

The civil defense and emergency warning system is an organizational and technical combination of forces, specialized warning means and a communication system that ensures the transmission of warning signals and information about an emergency situation.

The tasks of the warning system:

1. Ensuring timely communication to the management bodies of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations and the population of orders on the conduct of civil defense and RSChS activities.

2. Ensuring timely delivery of civil defense warning signals and other information to the civil defense authorities and the population.

The public warning system in emergency situations is part of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations. Currently, the country has 1 federal, 6 regional and 88 territorial centralized warning systems.

Question: How is the population notified in the event of an emergency? (radio, television, sound and light signals, civil defense sirens, beeps in factories, bells, school bells).

The main way to alert the population about the threat of radioactive, chemical, bacteriological contamination, the threat and occurrence of natural disasters, major accidents and disasters at economic and transport facilities, and the threat of enemy attack is the transmission of voice information over local lines using wire, radio and television broadcasting. To attract the attention of the population, sirens, intermittent production beeps, vehicles and other vehicles are turned on through public address systems, including those installed on public order and traffic police vehicles, which means transmitting the warning signal “ATTENTION EVERYONE!” During the Great Patriotic War, people knew: if a siren sounds, it’s an “Air raid warning!” signal. At the end of 1988, the notification procedure was reviewed and changed. Now the howling of sirens and intermittent beeps mean a civil defense signal: “Attention everyone!” (signal).

Question: What are your actions at this signal? (students' answers)

When you hear a siren you should:

Immediately turn on the radio, TV, radio broadcast loudspeaker.

Listen carefully to the emergency message from the authorities or management bodies in charge of civil and emergency situations about the current situation and the procedure for action.

Keep all these means constantly turned on during the entire period of liquidation of accidents, disasters or natural disasters.

Alert signals are transmitted out of turn by all communications and broadcasting services. Information is transmitted within 5 minutes after the sound signal is given. In dangerous areas, the message is duplicated by a mobile loudspeaker device.

Questions:

1. Do you think there are objects in our region that can create a man-made threat?

2. What means of alerting the population about emergencies are there in our area?

For each case of possible emergency situations, local civil defense authorities have approximate versions of messages (recorded in Russian and national languages), which are adjusted taking into account the developing situation.

Here are the message options (slide with voice accompaniment)

In case of an accident at a chemically hazardous facility: “Attention! This is the city emergency response service speaking. Citizens! There was an accident at the plant with the release of a highly toxic substance – ammonia. A cloud of contaminated air spreads in the direction of (area indicated). Objects fall into the zone of chemical contamination (objects are listed). The population of streets (list of streets) is recommended to stay in buildings. All apartments must be sealed. The population of the streets (list of streets) should immediately leave residential buildings, institutional buildings, enterprises, educational institutions and enter the area (called the district). Citizens! Please remain calm and continue to act in accordance with our instructions."

Question: What are your actions? (students' answers)

Watch the video.

In case of an accident at nuclear power plants: “Attention! This is the area emergency response service speaking. Citizens! There was an accident at a nuclear power plant. In the area of ​​the station and in populated areas (list of locations), fallout of radioactive substances is expected. The population of these areas needs to stay in residential buildings. Urgently seal residential premises and livestock areas. To protect the body, take iodine medication. Citizens! Keep calm. In the future, act in accordance with our instructions."

Assignment: Describe your actions in this situation.

Watch the video.

If there is a threat of an earthquake: “Attention! This is the city emergency response service speaking. Citizens! Due to a possible earthquake, turn off the gas, water, electricity, and extinguish the fire in the stoves. Take the necessary clothes, documents, food, water and go outside. Position yourself away from buildings, bridges and power lines. Notify your neighbors about the message you received. While indoors, at the first push, stand in the doorway (balcony). Citizens! Keep calm. In the future, act in accordance with our instructions."

After hearing the message, each person must act without panic, thoughtfully and quickly, taking into account the specific conditions in which he finds himself.

III. Blitz survey

Questions:

What are the alerts for? (for timely communication of danger signals to the population and the order of behavior in the current conditions).

How are alerts transmitted? (howling sirens, intermittent beeps).

What is the procedure for notifying the population? (siren, message)

What technical means are used to transmit warning signals? (radio and television broadcasting, mobile loudspeaking devices).

Who is responsible for transmitting alerts? (Civil Warning and Emergency Alert Services).

What are the main measures taken to protect the population from man-made emergencies? (alert, evacuation, protection).

IV. Homework: clause 6.1

Explaining the project assignment to each group:

Group 1: Make a list of potentially dangerous objects located in the area where you live. Indicate the source of what kind of man-made emergency each of the specified objects could become. Describe the procedure for these emergencies.

Group 2: Make a list of natural emergencies that are most likely for our area and describe the sequence of actions if they occur.

Group 3: Examine our school for the presence of dangerous places in it, characterize them: why these places are dangerous, how to protect yourself, how to act in the event of certain emergencies at school.

Knowledge of civil defense signals, correct actions on them and in the event of an emergency situation will help save the lives of you and your loved ones.

Literature:

1. Textbook "Life Safety" 8th grade, author.

2. Interactive crossword, author Pushkarev I.V.

3. Internet resources.

4. Journal “Fundamentals of Life Safety”.