Lesson on the surrounding world in 4th grade on the topic. "Travel with Archaeologists."

The Arctic fox is a very beautiful and interesting animal. This animal is able to withstand very low temperatures thanks to its warm fur.

Everyone knows that their fur is very valuable. The arctic fox is often called the polar fox . You can see the animal Arctic fox in the photo .

Features and habitat

The arctic fox is an animal of the tundra , very similar to a fox, but its coat color is not red. The Arctic fox can be recognized by the following external signs:

• has a lush fur coat;
• fluffy tail;
• color can be different (yellowish-gray, white, bluish);
• short muzzle;
• ears are small and round;
• body length 45-70 cm;
• tail up to 32 cm in length;
• the height of the arctic fox is no more than 30 cm;
• weight ranges from 3.6 kg (sometimes reaching a maximum weight of 8 kg);
• the body is squat;
• short legs;
• the animal has a keen eye, a good sense of smell and sensitive hearing;
• paw pads are covered with yellow hair.

The animal lives in snowy areas with low temperatures. The arctic fox can be found in Greenland, Alaska, Northern Russia and Canada.

Snow, frost, cold rocks and the ocean coast, here the animals cannot always find food, but they feel free and calm. In Russia, arctic foxes are forest animals ; they can often be found in the tundra and forest-tundra.

Animals can tolerate temperatures down to minus 50 degrees, and most of their lives pass at temperatures below zero. Depending on the season they change color. It is by coloring that one can distinguish the animal white fox from the blue fox.

These are the only tundra animals that have the ability to change color seasonally. Blue Arctic foxes are dark in color from light gray to dark gray with blue tints in winter. Arctic foxes molt twice a year.

Spring begins in April and lasts 4 months, and autumn lasts 3 months and begins in September. Arctic foxes have the best and most valuable fur in winter. In winter the fur is soft and delicate, and in summer it is hard and rough.

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Arctic fox species

Arctic foxes are distinguished by species. have denser fur The shade of fur can be different: dark gray, sand, with a playful blue tint. In winter, the fur is darker in color, and in summer it changes to light colors.

The photo shows a blue fox

White Arctic foxes have a large population and live on islands. They have a snow-white, blinding color in winter. In addition, the fur is very fluffy and thick. In summer the color becomes darker, brown or blue-gray. The fur becomes sparse and light.

Character and lifestyle

In winter, Arctic foxes lead a nomadic lifestyle. They float on drifting ice floes. Since arctic foxes are very similar to foxes, and their habits resemble the habits of foxes. Even if there is enough food, the animals still roam in winter.

They can go deep into the tundra, or they can roam along the ocean shore. The reason is that with the advent of cold weather, hunting becomes more difficult and the animal moves to places where there are no such winds and cold weather. Arctic foxes are very active and even if they do not hunt, they play with each other and do not sit still for a minute.

In the photo there is a white arctic fox

Animals live in burrows. In winter, burrows in the snow are enough for them, but when they return from migration and are ready to reproduce, they dig new burrows in the ground or occupy ready-made ones.

When constructing a new hole, the animal chooses a place among stones with soft soil. Stones serve as protection from enemies. It rips it out to the level of permafrost. The Arctic fox loves water and therefore digs a hole next to water. The hole resembles a labyrinth with many entrances and exits. Such burrows can be used throughout the animal's life.

Arctic animals arctic foxes are predators. When they roam, they feed on seals and leftover food left by polar bears. They willingly destroy the nests of various birds: partridges, gulls, geese, ducks and anyone whose nests they come across. Arctic foxes are very clever at catching fish from bodies of water; it is also part of their diet. Often hunts for rodents. In addition to meat, Arctic foxes also eat various herbs.

Pictured is an arctic fox

Their diet includes more than 25 species. Eats berries (cloudberries). Does not disdain seaweed and algae. The animal is very smart and agile. Easily empties traps placed on it by humans. It feeds on carrion and stores excess food in its burrow for the winter.

Animals hunt in the moonlight, at dawn or during sunset. If it is very cold and windy outside, arctic foxes hide in holes and eat supplies. Sometimes they enter populated areas and take food from human hands. Quite friendly animals.

Pushkin did it!

An example of a message about one of the animals of the Arctic desert zone

Topic: “Arctic fox or northern fox.”

Plan

1. General information
2. Appearance
3. Lifestyle
4. Nutrition
5. Enemies of arctic foxes
6. Interesting Facts

Important message information

1. Arctic fox or northern fox, Arctic deserts, about 5 kg, resemblance to a fox,
2. their fur changes, the color is white and blue, in winter the wool is fluffy and beautiful,
3. they roam in winter, live in burrows in summer and breed
4. omnivore, main food is lemmings,
5. enemies are large predators (polar bear), for cubs - birds. Man kills for fur. Listed in the Red Book,
6. poor eyesight, sleep soundly, can walk many kilometers.

Message

The fauna of the Arctic desert zone is interesting and unique! It is in this kingdom of permafrost, merging with the layers of snow, that the northern fox or arctic fox lives.

This animal is very small in size, its weight does not exceed 10 kg, and more often it does not even reach 5 kg. Arctic foxes do not live long, about 2-3 years. It’s not for nothing that the arctic fox was nicknamed the northern fox; it has a lot in common with the red fox: an elongated muzzle, fluffy fur, demeanor, keen hearing and an excellent sense of smell.

Arctic foxes look different at different times of the year. Like hares, they change their fur. Arctic foxes come in white and blue. In winter, the white northern fox boasts snow-white fluffy fur, and in summer it is more modest, coarse and tough, brown in color. “Blue” Arctic foxes change their shiny, silky blue winter coat in summer to chocolate brown.

The way of life of arctic foxes is also interesting! Arctic foxes have a permanent hole, but in winter they lead a nomadic life in search of food, moving from place to place and covering many kilometers. In the summer, when it is time to breed, they return to their native places and settle in burrows with their family.

Arctic foxes are nimble and cunning animals, but they are quite careful when hunting. Typically, the food of the northern fox is small rodents - lemmings, hares, fish, carrion, and the remains of walruses and seals found. However, the arctic fox is an omnivore; if there is a lack of food, it does not disdain plant foods.

Larger predators pose a danger to Arctic foxes: wolves, polar bears, and northern fox cubs often become victims of eagle owls and hawks.

The worst enemy of the arctic fox, unfortunately, is the person who kills them for the sake of beautiful fur. Poaching and uncontrolled hunting of the northern fox has led to a decrease in the number of these amazing animals. They were even listed in the Red Book.

It's very interesting that:

• Arctic foxes' vision, unlike hearing and smell, is poorly developed,
• Arctic foxes sleep very soundly, so during strong winds or snowstorms you can get very close to them,
• Arctic foxes can walk several thousand kilometers in winter. For example, a case was recorded when an animal covered a distance of 5,5 thousand kilometers.

Information sources

• IN AND. Sivoglazov, E. V. Vakhrusheva “Animals and plants of the Arctic”,
• A. Goncharova “Animals of Russia”
• https://www.moscowzoo.ru/animals/khishchnye/pesets/?sphrase_id=160807

The world. Pleshakov, Kryuchkova. 4th grade. Workbook. Answers

Similar

Reproduction and lifespan

Arctic foxes are monogamous animals. There are exceptions when animals do not form strong pairs. Animals live in families. The family includes a male and a female, several young females from the previous brood and cubs of the current year.

In the photo there is a baby fox

Sometimes they can live in columns of several families. Sexual maturity is reached at 9-11 months. Estrus in females lasts no more than two weeks. During estrus there is a period called heat; during these days the female can become pregnant; it lasts no more than a week.

In the spring, nomads return home and settle in old holes or find temporary shelter. The nest for the offspring is lined with moss or grass so that the babies do not freeze and are comfortable. Pregnancy in females lasts up to 55 days. One female gives birth to 6 to 11 cubs, depending on her body weight.

From the moment the female brings the puppies, the male becomes the only provider of food for the family. The female takes full care of the offspring, teaches the cubs to hunt and teaches them to survive severe frosts.

Not all children will be able to survive the nomadism, many of them will die, only the strongest, healthiest and smartest will return. Life expectancy is 12 years.

The photo shows an arctic fox in summer