Summary of a geography lesson on the topic: "Australia" 7th grade

Australia lesson plan in geography (grade 7) on the topic

7th grade

Lesson topic: Australia, its geographical location and history of research

TDC: cognitive - using the activities of students in pairs, to form their knowledge about the physical and geographical location of Australia, the history of the discovery and exploration of this continent.

Developmental - create conditions for increasing the intellectual level, developing the personality of students as a result of mental activity in the construction of knowledge.

Educational - the formation of a sense of self- and mutual respect when working in pairs, a sense of the value of intellectual work. General didactic goal: - create conditions for understanding already studied material and obtaining new educational information; - promote understanding of the connections between new material and previously studied material. Level goals: Lesson type: learning new material Methods: problem-based Forms: group work Equipment: multimedia projector, multimedia presentation, atlases for grade 7, instructional maps. Key concepts: features of the Australian GP, ​​features of the discovery and development of the territory.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time
2. Studying new material I offer you lines by J. Verne from the book “The Children of Captain Grant”

1). “And I swear to you that this region is the most curious on the entire globe! Its emergence, nature, plants, animals, climate, its future disappearance - all this surprised, surprises and will continue to surprise scientists all over the world. Imagine, my friends, a continent that, when formed, rose from the sea waves not with its central part, but with its edges like some kind of giant ring; a continent in the middle of which there is a half-evaporated inland sea; where the rivers are drying up more and more every day; where there is no moisture either in the air or in the soil; where trees annually lose not leaves, but bark; where the leaves are facing the sun not with their surface, but with their edges and do not provide shade; where fire-resistant forests grow; where stone slabs melt from rain; where the trees are short and the grass is gigantic in height; where the animals are unusual; where four-legged animals have beaks, for example the echidna and the platypus, which forced scientists to classify them as a special class of bird-animals; where the jumping kangaroo has paws of different lengths. ... The most bizarre, most illogical country that has ever existed! The earth is paradoxical, refuting the laws of nature!” (J. Verne).

What geographical object do you think we are talking about?

2). Try to solve the puzzle:

3). What is your opinion, which continent will we meet today? (Australia)

4). In front of you is a map of the world. Compare how Australia is located relative to other continents? Your opinion (Remoted from almost all continents). Indeed, vast expanses of ocean separate Australia from Europe, Africa and America. The Australian mainland is close only to the south-eastern part of Asia, and the group of Greater Sunda Islands is like a “bridge” between these continents. A century ago, traveling from Europe to Australia took between 7 months and 1 year. Currently, a flight from Moscow lasts about a day, with a mandatory landing in Delhi or Singapore.

5). Based on these data, the following hypothesis can be put forward:

If a continent is isolated (far) from other continents, then it is the most unusual.

6). We will solve this hypothesis today. Your suggestions on what we should do for this. Where should we start? We will explore the mainland according to plan. Let's get acquainted with the history of the discovery of the continent and prove why this continent is the most...

7). Write down the date and topic of the lesson:

"Australia, its geographical location and history of exploration."

8). We work in pairs according to the plan:

1. How is it located relative to the equator, the tropics (arctic circles), and the prime meridian.
2. Find the extreme points of the continent, their coordinates and the length of the continent in degrees and kilometers from north to south and from west to east.
3. What seas and oceans wash the continent.
4. In what climatic zones is the continent located?

(doing work, filling out tables).

9). Checking the completed work (based on slides).

PHYSMINUTE

10). Individual and group tasks:

- history of the discovery of the continent;

- prove that the continent of Australia is the most...

History of the discovery of the continent

A) The first reliable report of Europeans observing Australian territory dates back to 1606, when the expedition of the Dutchman Willem Janszoon on the ship "Dyfken" explored the Gulf of Carpentaria and landed on the Cape York Peninsula.

B) Abel Tasman in the middle of the 17th century described the shores of the continent from Cape York to the South Tropic. Tasman proved that Australia is an independent continent. At that time it was called New Holland. He discovered an island that was later named after him.

C) 1770, the English navigator James Cook re-discovered Australia, which was soon declared a colony of England. Cook was the first to trace the east coast from Cape York and discover the Great Barrier Reef.

D) In ​​1803, Matthew Flinders sailed around the coast of the mainland and compiled a map of the entire continent. He suggested calling it "Australia".

D) In ​​the 70s of the XIX century. The famous Russian traveler and ethnographer Miklouho-Maclay lived and worked in Australia.

Find the main idea in each paragraph, write it in the column opposite

eleven). History of the discovery of the continent (by slides)

12) If a continent is isolated (far) from other continents, then it is the most unusual

13). The very – the very continent...

It is located below us. There, obviously, they walk upside down, There the year is turned inside out, There gardens bloom in October, There it is summer in October, not in July, There rivers flow without water. (They disappear somewhere in the desert) There are traces of wingless birds in the thickets. There cats get snakes for food, animals are born from eggs, and there dogs don’t know how to bark, trees themselves climb out of the bark. There rabbits are worse than a flood

3. Homework:

• Paragraph 35, pp. 148-149
• Plot the seas and oceans surrounding Australia on an outline map
• Create a 10-word crossword puzzle on the topic of the lesson (optional)

4. Individual work

Goal: Try to evaluate your own knowledge and skills as follows:

• I understand everything, I can explain this material to someone else________________
• I understood the material, I can explain it to someone else, but with some help from the teacher______________
• I understood the material partially_______
• I do not understand)________
• I can evaluate my work in class with a grade of “__”

Lesson summary on the topic: Commonwealth of Australia (Australia)

Topic: Commonwealth of Australia (Australia)

Purpose: To study how, during the time of settlement of people across the continents, people came to Australia; Which cultural world does Australia belong to?

Planned results:

· know the geographical location of the country

· Be able to characterize the population, economic activities

· Know the reason for population resettlement

· Be able to show major cities on a map

Regulatory UUD:

· The ability to organize one’s activities, determine its goals and objectives, choose means of achieving the goal and apply them in practice, evaluate the results achieved;

· Evaluate achievements in the lesson

· Evaluate the work of classmates

· Express judgments supported by facts

· Work with text, presentation, handouts

Cognitive UUD:

· Analyze, compare, classify and summarize facts and phenomena

Communication UUD:

Independently organize educational interaction in a group

The student must have:

· responsible attitude towards learning, readiness and ability for self-development and self-education based on motivation for learning and knowledge;

· experience of participation in socially significant work;

· conscious, respectful and friendly attitude towards another person, his opinion;

· communicative competence in communication and cooperation with peers in the educational process,

socially useful, educational, research, creative activities;

· awareness of the values ​​of geographical knowledge and apply this knowledge in a specific situation.

Equipment:

presentation on the topic “Union of Australia (Australia)”, atlases for grade 7, wall political map of Australia, handouts

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Updating knowledge on the previous topic “Features of the nature of Australia”. Express survey for each row

Questions for row 1:

1. In which hemisphere is Australia located? (in the south)
2. Is Australia the _____ continent? (small/flat)
3. Is the terrain dominated by ____? (plains)
4. Highest point on the continent? (Mount Kosciuszko)
5. Where is it? (in the southern part of the Great Dividing Range)
6. What landforms are not found on the mainland? (volcanoes)
7. What is the climate on most of the continent? (tropical continental)
8. How developed is the river network? (weak)
9. Australia's longest river? (Murray with Darling tributary)
10. What are the dry beds of former rivers in Australia called? (screams)
11. Almost all the lakes on the mainland ____? (drainless)

Questions for row 2:

1. Is there underground water on the mainland? ( Yes)
2. Is the flora and fauna diverse? (yes, many endemics)
3. Who are endemics? (local species)
4. Name some endemics you know? (platypus, echidna)
5. Name the marsupial inhabitants of the mainland. (kangaroos, koalas, wombats, marsupial moles)
6. Name the birds you know that live in Australia. (emu, cassowary, weed chickens, lyrebirds, parrots)
7. Which plant is a symbol of the continent? (eucalyptus)
8. Name the plants, other than eucalyptus, found on the mainland. (acacias, bottle trees, tree ferns, evergreen beech)
9. List natural areas. (deserts and semi-deserts, savannas and woodlands, tropical and subtropical forests, hard-leaved and evergreen forests and shrubs)
10. Is the continent rich in natural resources? (Yes)

Questions for row 3:

1. List the minerals that the continent is rich in. (nickel, gold, coal, bauxite, oil, gas)
2. What resources is the mainland poor in? (water, forest)
3. (Using an atlas)

   What seas is the continent washed by? (Coral Sea, Tasmanovo

4. Residents of which European country were the first to discover Australia? (Holland)
5. Who discovered the east coast of the mainland? (English traveler James Cook)
6. Which famous Russian traveler and ethnographer lived and worked in Australia? (N.N. Miklouho-Maclay)
7. What is the largest lake on the mainland? (Air North)
8. How much precipitation falls on the mainland? (less than 125 mm)
9. Which oceans and WHAT SIDE is Australia washed from? (Indian - in the west, Southern - in the south, Quiet - in the east)
10. What are the average temperatures in winter? (+12..+24°С)
11. What are the average temperatures in summer? (+24..+28°С)

Summing up the results of the express survey.

III. Learning new material. Activation of cognitive activity

– Today in class we will talk about the most unusual country in the world. I will remind you of her with poems by the poet G. Usov

– Australia is a unique, the only country in the world that occupies an entire continent; it is characterized by a diversity of natural complexes, a variety of endemic species unique to it; has its own characteristics and economy of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia includes the mainland of Australia, the large island of Tasmania, as well as adjacent small islands; The capital of the country is Canberra.

– To make an absentee trip to the continent, I suggest you take with you reminders and an atlas. And on the way, you must complete assignments using your memories of an unusual country from the 7th grade geography course.

Memos are distributed to students, points are read one by one, thereby preparing the ground for new material.

REMINDER FOR TRAVELERS GOING TO Australia

Dear tourist!

1. You are going to Australia, let me give you some practical advice and instructions in case of unforeseen situations.
2. When boarding a plane, set your watch forward 8 hours, then your time will coincide with Australian time.
3. If you don't speak English, take a phrasebook with you so you'll have time to read during the flight.
4. Australia is the smallest continent on Earth. It is located in the eastern part of the southern hemisphere. Take a map with you and find your way around so you don’t fly past.
5. Australia is the driest continent on Earth, but if you are going to Eastern Australia, which we are almost sure of, then take a raincoat or umbrella with you, it always rains there. It is very dry in the West and Center.
6. Australia consists of highlands and plateaus, with lowlands in the central part. The mountains are relatively low and finished their formation long ago. The mountains contain minerals: iron and copper ores, hard and brown coal, polymetallic and tin ores. We advise gold miners to go to the southwestern part of the mainland. Note for traders: there are no diamond mines - this is not Africa!
7. Australia has abundant vegetation. Eucalyptus trees grow in the Northern part, they shed their bark several times, their leaves are always turned edge-on towards the sun and do not provide shade, so sunglasses and Panama hats are necessary in Australia. There are acacias, bottle trees, ferns, bamboo, just like in the forests of the Caucasus.
8. The fauna of Australia is very diverse. The northern part is home to emus, kangaroos, wombats, echidnas, lyrebirds, parrots and koalas. Koala bears, they never drink water, it is prohibited by law to offend them, they are kind and very defenseless animals that Australians love and protect.
9. The population of Australia consists of indigenous and newcomers. The newcomers speak a mixed English language; if you speak classic English, you will find it difficult to understand the locals.
10. Australia is a very beautiful continent of the Earth. We advise you to take photo and video equipment with you to preserve the memory of this amazing land.
11. Australians believe that there is nothing in the world more beautiful and better than their country. Do not disappoint them in this, respect the traditions and customs of the state.

Lecture-consultation: (As the lesson progresses, students in pairs gradually fill out a table that will serve as the result of their work while studying a new topic). (slide 2)

GP. Business card of Australia (Students take notes on the material)

GP: A state in the Southern Hemisphere, occupying the mainland of Australia, the island of Tasmania and several other islands of the Indian and Pacific oceans. To the north of the Commonwealth of Australia are East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, to the northeast are Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, to the southeast is New Zealand.

• Square

  =7.6 million sq. km. In terms of area, it ranks 6th in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the USA, and Brazil.

• Population

  – 22 million people. A federal state within the Commonwealth headed by Great Britain. The head of state is the Queen of Great Britain. About 77% of the Australian population are immigrants from different parts of the Earth and Australians speak not only English, the state language, but also Portuguese, German, Greek, Russian, etc. Modern Australia is a country of mass immigration, annually accepting 100-150 thousand people, Therefore, Australia has direct cultural ties with many countries around the world. The majority of the country's population are immigrants. One in four Australians was born overseas. After World War II, an immigration program began, during which the country's population was increased from 7.6 million. people in 1947 up to 15.5 million people in 1984 About 60% of this growth came from immigrants and their Australian-born children.

• Population density varies across the country. This is explained by the fact that about half of Australia's territory is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts that are not suitable for habitation. Therefore, the population density in desert areas is less than 1 person/km2, and on the east coast the climate is much more favorable, which is why large Australian cities are located here - Sydney (3.6 million people), Melbourne (3 million people), Brisbane (1. 2 million people), and the population density here is up to 12 people/km2, also on the west coast in the area of ​​Perth (1.2 million people) the population density is up to 12 people/km2.

More than 70% of Australians live in 12 major cities in the country: the federal capital, state capitals and the Northern Territory, and cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people. Melbourne and Sydney are home to about 40% of the country's population. (slide 3)

The oldest Australian cities are Sydney and Melbourne. These have been competing cities since ancient times. Each of them is the capital of the state and until recently claimed to be the main city of the entire state. It was not easy for Australians to choose between elegant, business-like Sydney and sophisticated, sophisticated Melbourne. And then it was decided to build a new city - Canberra - halfway between Sydney and Melbourne and make it the official capital of Australia. However, Sydney and Melbourne have not lost their influence. And nowadays Australians call Sydney the economic capital of the country, and Melbourne the cultural capital.

Sydney and Melbourne are international cities. Their inhabitants speak almost 200 languages. (slide 4)

Coat of arms.

The kangaroo and emu that support the shield are the unofficial emblem of the nation. They owe recognition to the fact that they are members of the Australian fauna found only on this continent, and were probably chosen because they are "native" Australian animals that together support the shield. It is often stated that these animals were chosen because these animals cannot move backwards, only forwards - and this is progress. In fact, both animals can move backwards, but rarely do so. In the background is a wreath, the official national floral emblem, although the representation of the species is not botanically accurate. At the bottom of the coat of arms is a scroll that contains the name of the nation. The wattle wreath highlights part of the official design shown on the Royal Warrant, which forms part of the armorial design.

Flag.

The British flag is depicted in the upper left quarter.
In addition, the Australian flag contains an image of six white stars: five stars in the form of the Southern Cross constellation on the right side of the flag and one large star in the center of the lower left quarter. The seven-pointed star of the Commonwealth originally had six points, which symbolized the six colonies that formed the federation. The Southern Cross is one of the brightest constellations in the Southern Hemisphere and has symbolized Australia since the time of the first British settlements on the mainland. (national anthem plays, slide 5)
Student message:

The local residents are aborigines. “Aboriginal people are a dark stain on Australia's reputation.” Aboriginal people make up less than 1% of the country's population. By the time the Europeans arrived at the end of the 18th century. there were 250 - 300 thousand of them, now there are less than 180 thousand people. It was difficult to use the Aborigines to work in the fields and pastures, so they were pushed deep into the continent, into waterless deserts. They considered the surrounding nature to be a gigantic temple, and they very wisely preserved its fragile balance, unlike the aliens. They were engaged in gathering, fishing, and did not know agriculture. They did not have permanent dwellings; they slept in depressions on the ground, protected from the wind by a screen of branches, and fires burned between such shelters. They had almost no clothes. To avoid walking on hot sand and prickly gravel barefoot, they invented sandals. In 1967, a law was passed on their equality; before that, they were not even counted in the census. Many modern Aborigines live in the vicinity of cities and have forgotten the language of their tribe. They speak only English, children study at school in English, become writers, artists, and public figures.

(Slide 6) "

Animals on coins"

The very best section is read, students fill out the tables

1. Australia is the best of everything.

1. In terms of area, Australia is the (smallest) continent.
2. There are only two large rivers on its territory - the Murray and the Darling.
3. The most remote continent, located tens of kilometers from neighboring countries: (New Zealand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea).
4. In terms of population, it is the most (sparsely populated) continent.
5. Has only (maritime) borders.
6. In terms of climate, this is the driest continent.
7. Sydney Botanic Garden is one of the oldest in the (southern) hemisphere.
8. The world's largest coral formation, which can be seen even from the Moon: stretches for 2000 km - (Great Barrier Reef).
9. Among the organic world there are the most (endemics).
10. In terms of relief height, it is the lowest (lowest) of the continents.

The following are interesting facts about the country (slides 7,8, 9,10)

Facts! Myth about rabbits

In Australia, rabbits are a serious pest and invasive species. They were brought to Australia on ships of the First Fleet and spread widely after they were released into the wild in 1859. Rabbits cause millions of dollars worth of damage to crops. In the 20th century, a variety of methods were used to control the rabbit population. Traditional methods of shooting and destroying rabbit habitats have had only limited success. In 1907, a rabbit-proof fence was erected in Western Australia in an attempt to contain rabbits. In the 1950s, the myxoma virus, which causes myxomatosis, became widespread among the rabbit population, leading to a severe decline in the rabbit population. (several Facts)

Results

1. What animals are featured on Australian coins? (echidna, lyrebird, platypus)
2. What animals are depicted on the country's national emblem? (The emu and kangaroo symbolize progress, moving forward, since they cannot move backwards)
3. Which South Australian island “carries its inhabitants in a bag”? (Kangaroo)
4. Name a marsupial bear that feeds exclusively on eucalyptus trees. (koala)

– What is your opinion about the lesson? – What didn’t you remember? – What can you praise yourself for?

Checking the completion of tables

Homework: § 31 (before Oceania)

Annex 1

REMINDER FOR TRAVELERS GOING TO Australia

Dear tourist!

1. You are going to Australia, let me give you some practical advice and instructions in case of unforeseen situations.
2. When boarding a plane, set your watch forward 8 hours, then your time will coincide with Australian time.
3. If you don't speak English, take a phrasebook with you so you'll have time to read during the flight.
4. Australia is the smallest continent on Earth. It is located in the eastern part of the southern hemisphere. Take a map with you and find your way around so you don’t fly past.
5. Australia is the driest continent on Earth, but if you are going to Eastern Australia, which we are almost sure of, then take a raincoat or umbrella with you, it always rains there. It is very dry in the West and Center.
6. Australia consists of highlands and plateaus, with lowlands in the central part. The mountains are relatively low and finished their formation long ago. The mountains contain minerals: iron and copper ores, hard and brown coal, polymetallic and tin ores. We advise gold miners to go to the southwestern part of the mainland. Note for traders: there are no diamond mines - this is not Africa!
7. Australia has abundant vegetation. Eucalyptus trees grow in the Northern part, they shed their bark several times, their leaves are always turned edge-on towards the sun and do not provide shade, so sunglasses and Panama hats are necessary in Australia. There are acacias, bottle trees, ferns, bamboo, just like in the forests of the Caucasus.
8. The fauna of Australia is very diverse. The northern part is home to emus, kangaroos, wombats, echidnas, lyrebirds, parrots and koalas. Koala bears, they never drink water, it is prohibited by law to offend them, they are kind and very defenseless animals that Australians love and protect.
9. The population of Australia consists of indigenous and newcomers. The newcomers speak a mixed English language; if you speak classic English, you will find it difficult to understand the locals.
10. Australia is a very beautiful continent of the Earth. We advise you to take photo and video equipment with you to preserve the memory of this amazing land.
11. Australians believe that there is nothing in the world more beautiful and better than their country. Do not disappoint them in this, respect the traditions and customs of the state.