Composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka remained in history as a great composer of music and the founder of the Russian classical movement in it, as well as the author of the first Russian opera. His work influenced the emergence of other talented names in the Russian musical world. This master is revered not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders.
Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is a great Russian composer.
early years
The future composer was born in 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. His father, a wealthy nobleman, was a former army captain. Until the age of 6, Misha was raised by her grandmother.
As a child, Mikhail heard almost no music - only the sound of a church bell and the songs of peasants. But it was precisely these motives that helped him create complex dramatic compositions in the future, completely different from the elegant European melodies of that era.
Young Misha with his sister and mother in a painting by an unknown artist.
The boy heard his first serious musical works on his uncle's estate, where he moved after the death of his grandmother. There was an orchestra with a good repertoire - they played Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. At the same time, the young talent began taking violin and piano lessons.
Self-analysis of a music lesson in 4th grade on the topic “Music of Italy”
1. Lesson Introduction
The lesson was taught in grade 4 “_” (educational organization) in __________. There are __ people in the class – __ girls and ___ boys. Level of learning: at the reproductive level - __ person, at the constructive level - __, at the creative level - __. Level of training: high – __person, medium – __person, low – __person.
Theme of the year for this class: Music of the peoples of the world. This lesson is the first on the topic “Music of Italy”. It has medium difficulty: despite the study of musical works of other countries and peoples, the music of Italy has its own specific characteristics.
Lesson topic: Music of Italy.
The didactic goal of the lesson is to create conditions for understanding and comprehending a block of new educational information.
Lesson type: lesson on studying and initially consolidating new educational material.
Content goals were set for students.
- Educational: to promote familiarization with the musical culture of Italy, to introduce the terms “barcarolle”, “treble”.
- Developmental: continue to develop the ability to listen and analyze musical works, compare the melody of different countries, develop the ability to control the breathing process, and help broaden the horizons of students.
- Educational: to cultivate respect for the culture of other peoples, a sense of patriotism.
Methods: reproductive, explanatory-illustrative, partially search.
Forms of organization of cognitive activity: frontal, paired.
Teaching aids: multimedia presentation “Music of Italy”, cards for students “Call a Friend”, piano, lyrics of the song “Bella Ciao”.
2. Didactic lesson analysis
The didactic goal of the lesson determined the logic of the lesson, as well as the nature of the interaction between the teacher and students.
The educational goal of the lesson passed through the content of the educational material. Work on introducing the music of Italy was carried out at all stages of the lesson - actualization, motivation and goal setting, primary study of educational material, awareness and comprehension of the material. Work on familiarization with new terms was carried out during the study of new material.
During the lesson, work was carried out to develop the ability to compare the melodic music of different countries at the stage of learning new material.
The logic of studying educational material determined the change in types of activities and forms of organization of cognitive activity: frontal - at most stages of the lesson, pair - at one of the stages of the lesson. The selected FOPD ensure cooperation between the teacher and students, contribute to the inclusion of each student in activities to achieve the set goal.
The selected lesson methods correspond to the level of ability of this class. The partial search method, used at the initial stages of the lesson and in the process of learning new material, contributes to the development of motivation to study new material; the use of the explanatory and illustrative method is due to the fact that the proposed material is unknown to students; the reproductive method contributes to more solid assimilation. The selected methods ensure the assimilation of theoretical knowledge and the development of the emotional-volitional sphere of students.
The means, including information technologies, used in the lesson ensured the development of cognitive interest.
During the lesson, interdisciplinary connections were made: music - history, music - MHC, which also contributes to the development of cognitive interest and motivational sphere of students.
To achieve the developmental goal of the lesson, a conversation was used, which made it possible to organize work on the development of students' oral speech, vocal pedagogy techniques that contributed to the establishment of correct singing breathing. The health-saving technologies used in the lesson are innovative; the proposed techniques can be used in every music lesson, which ultimately leads to improved health of students.
The achievement of the set educational goals was facilitated by the content of the lesson, the chosen forms of organizing cognitive activity at the stages of learning new material and in the course of awareness and comprehension.
3. Real result of the lesson. I believe that the goal set for the lesson was achieved.
4. Conclusion on the lesson. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by the selection of content, type of lesson, FOPD, methods, means, techniques. During the lesson, changes were made to the planned stages of the lesson related to (circumstances and reasons for the changes).
5. Lesson reserves.
For the full text of the material Self-analysis of a music lesson in 4th grade on the topic “Music of Italy”, see the downloadable file
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| Author: Yulia Petrovna Biserova → Publisher 09/30/2015 0 10315 658 | Comment |
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Beginning of a composer's career
The further years of Mikhail's life take place in St. Petersburg. There he entered a boarding school (closed school) for noble children and at the same time studied composition with the famous maestros John Field and Karl Zeiner, who taught in St. Petersburg in those years. Glinka wrote his first musical composition at the age of 13.
After finishing the boarding school, the young man receives a position as an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His service leaves him a lot of free time, and the aspiring composer actively participates in the musical life of the city.
By this time he had already gained his first fame. Glinka composes a lot, especially romances (the so-called songs based on tender, lyrical poems).
At the age of 26, M.I. Glinka goes on a big trip to Europe. He meets famous composers everywhere, attends classes at conservatories, listens to the best singers.
Mikhail Glinka is rightfully considered the founder of Russian opera.
At the same time, Mikhail comes to understand that his place is in his homeland, that it is for his people that he must create.
Music born from travel
Bright pages in the lives of many outstanding composers were travels to different countries of the world. The impressions received from the trips inspired great masters to create new musical masterpieces.
The Great Journey of F. Liszt.
The famous cycle of piano pieces by F. Liszt is called “The Years of Wanderings”. The composer combined in it many works inspired by visits to famous historical and cultural places. The beauty of Switzerland was reflected in the musical lines of the plays “At the Spring”, “On Lake Wallenstadt”, “The Thunderstorm”, “The Oberman Valley”, “The Bells of Geneva” and others. While staying with his family in Italy, Liszt met Rome, Florence, and Naples.
F. Leaf. Fountains of Villa d.Este (with views of the villa)
Piano works inspired by this journey are inspired by Italian Renaissance art. These plays also confirm Liszt's belief that all types of art are closely related. Having seen Raphael's painting "The Betrothal", Liszt wrote a musical play with the same name, and the severe sculpture of L. Medici by Michelangelo inspired the miniature "The Thinker".
The image of the great Dante is embodied in the fantasy sonata “After Reading Dante.” Several plays are united under the heading "Venice and Naples". They are brilliant transcriptions of popular Venetian melodies, including a fiery Italian tarantella.
In Italy, the composer's imagination was struck by the beauty of the legendary Villa d. Este of the 16th century, the architectural complex of which included a palace and lush gardens with fountains. Liszt creates a virtuosic, romantic play, “The Fountains of the Villa d. Este,” in which one can hear the trembling and flickering of water jets.
Russian composers and travelers.
The founder of Russian classical music, M. I. Glinka, managed to visit different countries, including Spain. The composer traveled a lot on horseback through the villages of the country, studying local customs, mores, and Spanish musical culture. As a result, the brilliant “Spanish Overtures” were written.
M. I. Glinka. Aragonese jota.
The magnificent "Aragonese Jota" is based on authentic dance melodies from the province of Aragon. The music of this work is characterized by bright colors and rich contrasts. Castanets, so typical of Spanish folklore, sound especially impressive in the orchestra.
The cheerful, graceful theme of the jota bursts into the musical context, after a slow, majestic introduction, with brilliance, like a “stream of a fountain” (as one of the classics of musicology B. Asafiev noted), gradually turning into a jubilant stream of unbridled folk fun.
M. I. Glinka Aragonese jota (with dance)
M.A. Balakirev was delighted with the magical nature of the Caucasus, its legends, and the music of the mountain people. He creates the piano fantasy “Islamey” on the theme of Kabardian folk dance, the romance “Georgian Song”, the symphonic poem “Tamara” based on the famous poem by M. Yu. Lermontov, which turned out to be in tune with the composer’s plans. Lermontov's poetic creation is based on the legend of the beautiful and treacherous Queen Tamara, who invites knights to the tower and dooms them to death.
M. A. Balakirev “Tamara”.
The introduction of the Poem paints a gloomy picture of the Daryal Gorge, and in the central part of the work bright, passion-filled melodies in the oriental style sound, revealing the image of the legendary queen. The Poem ends with restrained dramatic music, indicating the tragic fate of the fans of the crafty Queen Tamara.
The world has become small.
The exotic East attracts C. Saint-Saëns to travel, and he visits Egypt, Algeria, South America, and Asia. The fruit of the composer’s acquaintance with the culture of these countries were the following works: the orchestral “Algerian Suite”, the fantasy “Africa” for piano and orchestra, “Persian Melodies” for voice and piano.
Composers of the 20th century there was no need to spend weeks shaking in a stagecoach off-road to see the beauty of distant countries. The English musical classic B. Britten went on a long journey in 1956 and visited India, Indonesia, Japan, and Ceylon.
The ballet-fairy tale “Prince of the Pagodas” was born under the impression of this grandiose voyage. The story of how the Emperor’s evil daughter Ellin takes away her father’s crown, and tries to take away her groom from her sister Rose, is woven from many European fairy tales, with plots from oriental legends interspersed there as well. The charming and noble princess Rose is taken by the insidious Jester to the mythical Kingdom of Pagodas, where she is met by the Prince, enchanted by the Salamander monster.
The princess's kiss breaks the spell. The ballet ends with the return of the Emperor's father to the throne and the wedding of Rose and the Prince. The orchestral part of the scene of the meeting between Rose and Salamander is full of exotic sounds, reminiscent of Balinese gamelan.
B. Britten “Prince of the Pagodas” (Princess Rose, Scamander and the Fool).
Author: Alla Chaika.
Creativity flourishes
On his journey, Glinka experienced great love. And although it did not end with marriage, it became an impetus for creativity.
In 1836, the young composer’s opera “Life for the Tsar” appeared. Its original name was “Ivan Susanin” in honor of the peasant who, during the Russian-Polish War of 1612, led an enemy detachment into an impassable swamp.
The opera was a huge success. Tsar Nicholas I received it with delight and presented the composer with an expensive ring.
At the same time, the composer writes instrumental compositions for keyboards and wind instruments, as well as wonderful romances based on poems by Russian poets.
Soon work began on a new opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” based on the fairy tale by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. This work was shown in public in 1842 and was very disliked by music connoisseurs.
Modern production of the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”.
Glinka was so upset by the criticism that he even left Russia. From now on until the end of his life, he will return to his homeland only for a short time.
Music of Italy
The music of Italy is known all over the world. There is not a single country or continent where nothing has been heard about it. Italy is considered the cradle of musical art, the country that gave the world the greatest genre - opera. In this article we will share with you some interesting information from the history of the musical culture of this sunny state.
Is there a limit to perfection?
Milan's La Scala opera house is considered one of the main symbols of Italy. Why did he win such recognition and love from the whole world? Everything is far from simple - the theater is perfect in everything. An amazingly beautiful building, designed in a strict style, excellent acoustics, a carefully thought-out arrangement of seats in a luxuriously decorated auditorium, always the most talented performing and acting staff, brilliant conductors and even more brilliant music... And most importantly, it is believed that the theater was built in an ideal for such a place. And all because when excavating the territory for its construction, builders discovered a huge piece of marble on which the most famous actor of ancient Rome, the mime Pylades, was carved. Such a find was considered a real sign from above, confirming the correctness of the choice of place - but how could it be otherwise if it was personally indicated by one of the greatest tragedians of antiquity?
Victims of beautiful singing
This sunny country is also considered the birthplace of bel canto - a virtuosic and elegant style of singing that has conquered the whole world, a style without which baroque music in Italy is unthinkable. And really, how can one remain indifferent if all the singers of this style have almost perfect command of their voices? An unusually wide vocal range, covering very high sounds, brilliant coloratura, complex passages and simply unimaginable duration of breathing. Everything would be fine, but it was predominantly men who mastered this art.
To teach the art of beautiful singing, gifted little boys were selected and sent to special educational institutions. There, young singers were taught vocals every day for several years. If a child was found to have outstanding singing abilities, he was castrated so that after the so-called “breaking” of his voice, the quality of his singing would not change. Such children grew up to be singers with phenomenal voices. One of the most famous castrati singers is Carlo Broschi (Farinelli).
But where did this “fashion” for performing these terrible operations on children come from? From where, as they say, they didn’t expect it. Castrati singers have been trained since the 3rd century to sing at church services. Women were strictly forbidden to participate in Catholic singing, and high voices were required. The art of bel canto flourished in the second half of the 17th century.
When a surname obliges
One of the most common surnames among art creators of the late 15th-16th centuries is Allegri. Maybe no one would have paid attention to it if it were not for the direct relationship of this word with a musical term. Allegro in music is used to indicate the tempo, character of a piece of music, and even its parts. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that among the creators of the declared era, several composers bore such a surname. But we will turn to only one, the most famous.
Gregorio Allegri devoted most of his life to working in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, where he devoted himself entirely to church music. His most famous work is called "Miserere". The title of the work is given from the first word of its text - “Miserere” translated from Latin means “Have mercy”. It is considered the standard of its time, the greatest masterpiece of Italian music. And, perhaps, this creation would have been forgotten in musical history over time, if not for one thing. The Vatican strictly forbade copying it and removing it from the church, and in case of violation of the decree it threatened with excommunication. So it was until one day W. A. Mozart heard this work. Arriving home, he wrote it down from memory. This is how Allegri’s work was seen by the world, but the 14-year-old genius was never punished.
Of course, there is a lot of interesting things in Italian early music that we could still talk about. This is the largest and most valuable layer of world culture, which has influenced the musical art of the whole world. She played a special role for our country. The Italians not only introduced the Russians to the genre of opera, but also taught Russian composers how to compose it. But this is a completely different, but no less interesting story.
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Video: listen to the music of Italy
Later years. Death
The last years of Mikhail Ivanovich’s life were spent in almost continuous travel. In the south of Europe, in France and Spain, he collects and processes folk melodies.
In Paris he met the famous composer Berlioz and wrote works for a symphony orchestra.
In Warsaw, he composes the musical play “Kamarinskaya”, in which he combines the melodies of Russian folk songs - a melodious wedding song and a fiery dance song.
At work.
The composer's last city was Berlin, where he suddenly died of a cold in February 1857.
Facts from life
There are many autobiographical notes of the maestro, as well as messages about him from friends and contemporaries:
- Glinka called himself a “mimosa” because of his grandmother’s overly caring upbringing.
- In his youth, the composer had a beautiful voice, even Italian singers admired him.
- The author found performers for the choir in his operas in different provinces of the Russian Empire.
- Glinka had a special connection with Pushkin. They were friends during the poet's lifetime. Alexander Sergeevich wrote the poem “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” and dedicated it to Anna Kern. And Mikhail Ivanovich was in love with Katenka Kern, Anna’s daughter, and wrote a romance based on these poems.
