lesson on the topic “deviant behavior”. lesson plan

Deviant and illegal behavior

In sociology, the term “deviant behavior” is often used. What does it mean? This term is used in two meanings - broad and narrow. In broad terms, it means any deviation from social norms accepted in society, from the most insignificant, for example, violation of the rule by a pedestrian for crossing the street, and ending with the most serious - terrorism, murder. In a narrow sense, deviant behavior refers to minor offenses, those that do not fall under the article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

The most serious offenses are called crime, or criminality. Less serious offenses are called delinquency, and the most minor offenses are called deviance. This creates a scale containing three degrees of deviation from law-abiding behavior.

Although most people behave in accordance with the laws most of the time, they cannot be considered completely law-abiding. Thus, almost everyone can admit that they have committed various minor offenses: being late for work, smoking in the wrong places, etc.

So, any behavior that causes disapproval of public opinion is called deviant.

When posing the question in this way, we should talk about the forms and sizes of deviation. To the species

, or
forms, of deviant behavior
include: alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, homosexuality, gambling, mental disorder, suicide.

Violations of social norms can be serious or frivolous, conscious or unconscious. All serious violations, whether conscious or not, that fall under the category of unlawful act are considered delinquent behavior. Alcoholism and drug addiction are a typical type of deviant behavior. An alcoholic and drug addict is not only a sick person, but also a deviant; he is not able to normally fulfill social roles. Suicide, i.e. freely and intentionally ending one’s life, is a deviation. But killing another person is a crime.

Crimes, i.e. facts of criminal behavior, include fraud, theft, production of false documents, bribes, industrial espionage, vandalism, theft, arson, prostitution, gambling and other types of illegal actions.

lesson on the topic “deviant behavior”. lesson plan

QUESTIONNAIRE “Alcoholism”

1. Do you think that alcoholic drinks have a negative effect on human health?

1. Have you consumed alcoholic beverages?

Questionnaire “Drug Addiction”

1. Do you think that drugs have a harmful effect A/ on human health; B/ that they lead to the degeneration of personality?

1. Do you consider a drug addict: A/ a normal person; B/ sick;\ C/ morally degraded; G/ criminal?

Questionnaire “Crime”

1. Have you been the victim of an administrative or criminal crime?
2. Why would you commit a crime?

Test on the lesson topic

Task: determine which of these provisions relate to:

A/ to deviant behavior. B/ to delinquent behavior.

1. Hostage taking.
2. Drunk.
3. Cheating parents.
4. Reluctance to give up your seat to an elderly person on the bus.
5. Selling drugs.
6. Creation, use and distribution of malicious computer programs.
7. Mercenary.
8. Quarrel between neighbors.
9. Addiction.
10. Being late for a business meeting.

Technological lesson map

in social studies

8th grade

Lesson topic: “Deviant behavior.”

Goal: get acquainted with the signs of deviant behavior, identify its causes and consequences, familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of the topic, find out what social control, social norms, deviant behavior are, consider the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Lesson type: Lesson type: “Discovery” of new knowledge.

Type of lesson: combined.

Techniques: work with the class (in the form of a round table and dialogue with the audience, individual assignments, self-test.)

Developmental objectives: to develop in students the ability to understand the need to comply with social norms to maintain civil peace and tranquility, to find the distinctive features of positive and negative manifestations of deviant behavior, to develop the ability to systematize information about the reasons for the manifestation of deviant behavior, to be able to work with various forms of information and convert them into others sign systems.

Educational: understand the motivating role of motives in human activity, the place of values ​​in the motivational structure of an individual, know the rules and norms, be able to apply them in the public life of society, understand the importance of communication in interpersonal communication.

After studying the topic, students should: master the concepts of “social norms”, “deviant (deviant) behavior”, “social sanctions”; learn to see the effect of social norms in society; be able to distinguish deviant from delinquent behavior; to internalize social norms as worthy models of behavior; stimulate independent understanding of social norms and sanctions in the process of completing an independent task.

Resources: presentation “Social norms and deviant behavior”, A4 sheets for completing an independent task.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizing time.

A. Formation of the topic and purpose of the lesson by students. (5 minutes)

B. Working with terms (5 min)

1. Updating students' knowledge: during the period of mastering the topic.

A. Working with the class. (+10 min)

1. Practicing topic perception skills

A. Oral test (5 min)

1. A historical moment (2 min)
2. Homework announcement (1 min)
3. Reflection (5 min)
4. Lesson summary. (2 minutes)

Progress of the lesson:

Stages 1 and 2: Communicating the topic and purpose of the lesson

1. A. Hello, children. Images will be presented to your attention on the board with the help of which you will need to formulate the topic of our lesson today. The second stage of our lesson will be the formulation of its goals. This topic is not only relevant among our society, but also the terms we study will be encountered by you when taking the OGE exams.
2. So, let's start learning the terms. Deviant behavior inherently involves deviant behavior.

Deviant behavior is a stable behavior of an individual that deviates from generally accepted, most widespread and established social norms.

According to the French sociologist Emile Durkheim, the likelihood of behavioral deviations increases significantly with the weakening of normative control occurring at the level of society.

Let's remember what the norms are?

In turn, social norms are generally accepted rules, patterns of behavior, standards of activity designed to ensure orderliness, stability and stability of social interaction of individuals and social groups.

How do social norms regulate social relations?

Answer: In every society there are norms that regulate social relations, social norms. Social norms regulate social relations through sanctions.

What does a sanction mean?

In turn, Social sanction is all measures and means that are aimed at bringing an individual to the norm of a social group, stimulating him to have a certain behavior.

There are many types of social norms.

The main ones are customs, traditions, legal, moral norms (aesthetic, religious, corporate, political), etc.

Customs are rules of social behavior that are passed down from generation to generation, reproduced in a particular society or social group, and become part of the habits, everyday life and consciousness of their members.

Traditions are elements of social and cultural heritage that are preserved in certain societies, social groups for a long time, the process of social inheritance, its methods.

Legal norms are generally binding rules of conduct established by the state and by law. They, as a rule, indicate the conditions for their implementation, the subjects of regulated relations, their mutual rights and obligations, as well as sanctions in case of their violation.

Moral norms are requirements for certain behavior based on socially accepted ideas about good and evil, proper and impermissible. They rely solely on public support.

Social norms are the rules of behavior of people in society; they are general in nature, that is, they are addressed to everyone.

How is social control carried out?

Social control is a system of forms and methods of regulating people's behavior and maintaining social order.

Elements of social control:

1. Norms are requirements, instructions for socially approved behavior, addressed to an individual, a group, or a social institution.
2. Sanctions are ways to maintain social norms.

In the Russian Federation, social control is exercised by society and the state.

There are types of deviant behavior:

delinquent acts that have a pronounced antisocial orientation, which in their extreme expressions become criminally punishable;

addictive behaviors, the purpose of which is to escape reality through the use of psychoactive substances or with excessive fixation on a certain type of activity;

pathological characterological behaviors that are caused by pathological changes in character that occur due to defects in upbringing;

psychopathological behavior resulting from mental disorders;

actions based on a person’s hyperabilities, manifested by special giftedness or genius.

Deviant behavior happens:

1. Socially approved. They are expressed through the behavior of the individual, which is positive. (Examples include genius, athletic achievement, heroic deeds, and leadership abilities.)

2. Neutral. This is deviant behavior that does not cause any concern to society (such deviant actions include eccentricity and eccentricity, the desire to surprise everyone with one’s behavior)

3. Socially disapproved. Such deviant acts cause harm to society.

(They are expressed in the form of a variety of illegal, aggressive and criminal actions, as well as alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, etc.)

Let's talk about the reasons for the negative behavior of young people:

1. Incorrectly organized education.

Such a teenager usually lives in a difficult family. Before his eyes, conflicts occur between parents who are not interested in his inner world.

2. Biological factors. Among such reasons, heredity stands out. Inheritance of mental illness.

3. Mental factors. During adolescence, the formation of a person’s character is completed. Violations of this process sometimes lead to negative characterological reactions that go beyond the norm accepted in society.

Let's consider the 2 most relevant negative forms of social deviation: alcoholism and drug addiction.

Alcoholism is a chronic mental illness, a type of substance abuse, characterized by addiction to alcohol (ethyl alcohol), with mental and physical dependence on it.

Drug addiction is a painful attraction or addiction to narcotic substances used in various ways (swallowing, inhalation, intravenous injection) with the aim of achieving an intoxicating state.

Why are teenagers prone to these forms of negative behavior?

Answer: A state of carelessness and lightness brings them a dose of alcohol or drugs. Teenagers tend to overestimate their willpower; it seems to them that they can stop using them at any time, but this is not the case.

What effect does drinking alcohol or drugs have on the body?

• 1. Damage to the central nervous system.
• 2. Damage to the immune system, metabolic disorders, high probability of contracting AIDS.
• 3. Damage to the reproductive system: women experience infertility, men develop impotence, etc.

Stage 3: Let’s summarize your mastery of the topic; it will be assessed after you complete your independent work.

On A4 sheets, each of you will be presented with a questionnaire and a test for completing the work, according to which grades will be assigned to the journal.

Let's get to work.

So let’s summarize and each of you will self-assess your results. After which the work will be handed over.

Stage 4: Well, now guys, I will ask an intellectual question interconnected with our topic and echoing the subject of history.

Why did the ancient Greeks put an amethyst crystal next to a jug of wine during lunch? What are your answer options?

Answer: They believed that if you drink wine and hold the amethyst stone in your hand or put it in a glass of wine, then the amethyst will prevent you from getting drunk.

Which historical figures had signs of deviant behavior?

Answer: Hitler during World War II.

Stage 5: D/Z Repeat the material covered on the topic “Social Sphere”

Stage 6: Now a list of articles from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will be presented to your attention. After reading them, you will analyze for yourself the severity of the consequences associated with drugs.

And so to summarize, what can we say about the dangers of drugs?

Thus, alcoholism and drug addiction have an extremely detrimental effect on a person who is addicted to alcohol or drugs, ultimately destroying his personality. Enormous suffering befalls loved ones: worries and premature death of parents, abandoned children. Acquiring a mass character, these forms of deviant behavior also strike at society as a whole: a significant number of previously young members of society “fall out” of normal social life. They are not able to fully realize themselves in family life, study, and professional activities.

Stage 7: At the end of our lesson today, we will answer a few questions and speculate.

• Remember: What are social norms? How do they regulate social relations? How is social control carried out? What role do sanctions play in it?
• Consider: Are there situations where you have to deviate from significant norms? What bad habits threaten the health and fulfilling lives of young people today?

Thank you for your attention!

Delinquent behavior

Delinquent behavior

- offenses not punishable from the point of view of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: petty hooliganism, minor theft of products in a store by a buyer (theft by a seller is considered a malfeasance); petty theft in transport or at the market; fights without causing grievous bodily harm; deception of the tax inspector; being late for work; crossing the street or smoking in the wrong place, etc.

The list of delinquent behavior of schoolchildren, according to foreign and domestic experts, usually includes such offenses as drinking alcohol, participating in fights, illegal possession of weapons, theft, truancy, smoking marijuana, etc. For adults and adolescents, delinquent acts can also include all or most administrative offenses.

Continued >>>

Deviant behavior of children and adolescents

Social crisis processes occurring in modern society negatively affect people’s psychology, generating anxiety and tension, anger, cruelty and violence. It was especially difficult for teenagers during this period. An alarming symptom is the increase in the number of minors with deviant behavior (deviation from accepted social norms), manifested in antisocial actions (alcoholism, drug addiction, violation of public order, hooliganism, vandalism, etc.). Demonstrative and defiant behavior towards adults has increased. Cruelty and aggressiveness began to appear in extreme forms.

The growth of aggressive tendencies among teenagers reflects one of the most acute social problems of our society, where youth crime, especially teenage crime, has sharply increased in recent years. At the same time, the fact of an increase in the number of crimes against the person, entailing serious bodily harm, is alarming. Cases of violent group fights between teenagers have become more frequent.

Aggressive children, as a rule, have a low level of intellectual development, increased suggestibility, imitation, and underdeveloped moral ideas. They are characterized by emotional rudeness and anger, both against their peers and against the adults around them. Such adolescents exhibit extreme self-esteem (either the most positive or the most negative), increased anxiety, fear of wide social contacts, egocentrism, and inability to find a way out of difficult situations. At the same time, among aggressive teenagers there are also children who are well intellectually and socially developed. For them, aggressiveness is a means of raising prestige, demonstrating their independence and maturity.

Among the forms of aggressive reactions found in various sources, it is necessary to highlight the following:

• Physical aggression (assault) is the use of physical force against another person.
• Indirect aggression - actions both indirectly directed at another person (gossip, malicious jokes) and explosions of rage directed at no one (screaming, stomping, beating the table with fists, slamming doors, etc.).
• Verbal aggression is the expression of negative feelings both through form (screaming, screeching, quarreling) and through the content of verbal responses (threats, curses, swearing).
• Tendency to irritation - readiness to display temperament, harshness, and rudeness at the slightest excitement.
• Negativism is an oppositional behavior usually directed against authority or leadership. It can grow from passive resistance to active struggle against established laws and customs.

Among the forms of hostile reactions the following are noted:

• Resentment is envy and hatred of others, caused by a feeling of bitterness, anger at the whole world for real or imaginary suffering.
• Suspicion is distrust and caution towards people, based on the belief that others intend to cause harm.

Adolescence is one of the most difficult periods of human development. Despite its relative short duration (from 14 to 18 years), it practically largely determines the entire future life of an individual. It is during adolescence that the formation of character and other foundations of personality primarily occurs. These circumstances: the transition from childhood cared for by adults to independence, the change from the usual schooling to other types of social activities, as well as rapid hormonal changes in the body - make the teenager especially vulnerable and susceptible to negative environmental influences. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the desire characteristic of adolescents to free themselves from the care and control of relatives, teachers and other educators. Often this desire leads to the denial of the spiritual values ​​and standards of living of the older generation in general. On the other hand, defects in educational work with adolescents are becoming more and more obvious. Particularly significant in this regard are improper relationships in the family and the increased level of divorces.

Teenagers, more than other age groups, suffer from the instability of the social, economic and moral situation in the country, having today lost the necessary orientation in values ​​and ideals - the old ones are destroyed, new ones are not created.

The combination of unfavorable biological, psychological, family and other socio-psychological factors distorts the entire lifestyle of adolescents. Characteristic of them is a violation of emotional relationships with people around them. Teenagers fall under the strong influence of the teenage group, which often forms an asocial scale of life values. The very way of life, environment, style and social circle contribute to the development and consolidation of deviant behavior. Thus, the existing negative microclimate in many families causes the emergence of alienation, rudeness, hostility of a certain part of adolescents, the desire to do everything out of spite, against the will of others, which creates objective preconditions for the emergence of demonstrative disobedience, aggressiveness and destructive actions.

The intensive development of self-awareness and self-criticism leads to the fact that a child in adolescence discovers contradictions not only in the world around him, but also in his own self-image.

Deviant behavior is the most pressing problem now. And if previously it was believed that deviant behavior is characteristic exclusively of male adolescents, in recent years female adolescents have also attracted more and more attention.

Girls mature much earlier than boys. During adolescence, the process of psychosexual development in girls begins approximately 2 years earlier than in boys and lasts for 3-4 years, rather than 4-5 years. Boys, despite the fact that they are physically stronger than girls, are more sensitive to the effects of both physical and mental factors. It is no coincidence that boys are more likely to have mental disorders than girls. Meanwhile, aggressive behavior of adolescents is often associated with alcoholism. Since teenagers drink alcohol, as a rule, in a group, the alcohol-fuelled desire to “keep up with others” and “thirst for achievement” often lead to demonstrative antisocial actions.

Corrective work on the prevention of deviant behavior with adolescents has its own characteristics. From the very beginning, in parallel, it is necessary to start working with the family. After diagnosing family relationships and the degree of their disharmony, psychocorrectional work, both individual and group, should follow. But the main emphasis should be on individual work with a teenager. General conversations about the need to “behave well” turn out to be completely ineffective.

A special place in correctional work should be given to the formation of a teenager’s range of interests, also based on the characteristics of his character and abilities. It is necessary to strive to minimize the period of a teenager’s free time - “time of idle existence and idleness” by engaging in activities that positively shape the personality: reading, self-education, playing music, sports, etc.

If there is unproductive activity during the period of free time - “doing nothing” - a quick return of the teenager to an asocial company is inevitable.

Based on the fact that the development of a child is carried out in activities, and a teenager strives to assert himself, his position as an adult, among adults, it is necessary to ensure the inclusion of a teenager in such activities that lie in the sphere of interests of adults, but at the same time create opportunities for a teenager to realize and establish himself at the adult level.