Lesson No. 65.1. The concept of environmental safety
Methodological manual for lessons with video materials
Lesson type -
combined
Methods:
partially search, problem presentation, reproductive, explanatory and illustrative.
Target:
- students’ awareness of the significance of all the issues discussed, the ability to build their relationships with nature and society on the basis of respect for life, for all living things as a unique and invaluable part of the biosphere;
Tasks:
Educational
: show the multiplicity of factors acting on organisms in nature, the relativity of the concept of “harmful and beneficial factors”, the diversity of life on planet Earth and options for adaptation of living beings to the entire range of environmental conditions.
Educational:
develop communication skills, the ability to independently obtain knowledge and stimulate one’s cognitive activity; ability to analyze information, highlight the main thing in the material being studied.
Educational:
To cultivate a culture of behavior in nature, the qualities of a tolerant personality, to instill interest and love for living nature, to form a stable positive attitude towards every living organism on Earth, to develop the ability to see beauty.
UUD
Personal
: cognitive interest in ecology.. Understanding the need to obtain knowledge about the diversity of biotic connections in natural communities for the conservation of natural biocenoses. The ability to choose goals and meaning in one’s actions and actions in relation to living nature. The need for fair assessment of one's own work and the work of classmates
Cognitive
: ability to work with various sources of information, convert it from one form to another, compare and analyze information, draw conclusions, prepare messages and presentations.
Regulatory:
the ability to organize independent completion of tasks, evaluate the correctness of work, and reflect on one’s activities.
Communication:
participate in dialogue in class; answer questions from the teacher, classmates, speak in front of an audience using multimedia equipment or other means of demonstration
Planned results
Subject:
know the concepts of “habitat”, “ecology”, “ecological factors”, their influence on living organisms, “connections between living and non-living things”;. Be able to define the concept of “biotic factors”; characterize biotic factors, give examples.
Personal:
express judgments, search and select information; analyze connections, compare, find an answer to a problematic question
Metasubject
: connections with such academic disciplines as biology, chemistry, physics, geography. Plan actions with a set goal; find the necessary information in the textbook and reference literature; carry out analysis of natural objects; draw conclusions; formulate your own opinion.
Form of organization of educational activities –
individual, group
Teaching methods:
visual-illustrative, explanatory-illustrative, partially search-based, independent work with additional literature and a textbook, with COR.
Techniques:
analysis, synthesis, inference, translation of information from one type to another, generalization.
Learning new material
The concept of environmental safety
The rate of increase in the intensity of the harmful effects of anthropogenic factors has gone beyond the rate of biological adaptation of living systems to their environment. Disruption of ecological balance in the environment has a direct connection with deteriorating public health. Today Russia ranks 51st in the world in terms of average life expectancy; infant mortality is high. If the processes of environmental destruction are not stopped, then by the middle of the 21st century. shortages of food, water, oxygen and genetic changes will significantly accelerate the degradation of populations and lead to their gradual extinction.
To solve pressing environmental problems in Russia, an Environmental Safety Concept has been developed.
Let us define the basic concepts of the Concept.
Environmental hazard is the likelihood of destruction of the human habitat and associated plants, animals, and microorganisms as a result of harmful natural and anthropogenic factors that lead to disruption of the adaptation of living systems to living conditions.
A state of environmental danger can arise during uncontrolled economic development (without taking into account the principles of rational environmental management), the use of outdated production technologies, as a result of dangerous geophysical, meteorological and other phenomena (earthquakes, strong sea waves, hurricanes, peat fires, etc.).
Environmental Safety
is the process of ensuring the protection of the vital interests of the individual, society, nature and the state from real and possible dangers created by anthropogenic or natural impacts on the environment.
Environmental safety system
is a set of legislative, medical, biological and environmental measures aimed at maintaining ecological balance in the biosphere, that is, balance between the biosphere and external anthropogenic and natural factors.
Environmental safety policy
— purposeful activities of the state, public organizations, legal entities and individuals to ensure environmental safety. Every citizen of the country can make a contribution to ensuring environmental safety by following the basic rules of environmental management and environmental protection.
The probability of adverse environmental consequences of any anthropogenic changes in natural objects and factors is called environmental risk.
The maximum level of impact of anthropogenic factors at which the functional integrity of ecosystems is preserved (or simply the functionality of ecosystems, i.e. interconnections, interdependencies, relationships of their components) determines the maximum permissible environmental load
(PDEN).
Currently, many territories in the world, and in Russia in particular, are already subject to strong anthropogenic influence: as a result of economic or other activities, sustainable negative changes (destruction) of the environment occur, leading to disruption of public health, damage to the genetic funds of plants and animals, imbalances in natural ecosystems are zones of environmental emergency.
Ecological disaster zones
- territories where, as a result of economic or other activities, as well as natural disasters, irreversible changes in the environment have occurred, destruction of biogeocenoses, entailing an increase in morbidity and mortality of the population, etc.
One of the points of the Concept is the provision on the creation of a system of continuous environmental education in the country.
In the early 70s, B. Commoner formulated four important provisions, which are now called Commoner’s “laws of ecology”:
Everything is connected to everything.
The ecosystem is in a state of ecological equilibrium. It can be disrupted by the destruction of a species or, conversely, by the introduction of a new one. Draining of swamps causes shallowing of rivers. Grazing in mountain forests destroys the soil and reduces the absorption of rain and snow water; As a result, the springs dry up.
You have to pay for everything. Currently, it is necessary to bear the costs of maintaining services that control the rational use of natural resources, for the restoration of natural ecosystems disturbed by improper use
Everything has to go somewhere.
Natural ecosystems have the ability to disinfect a certain amount of harmful substances without disturbing the ecological balance (aquatic ecosystems have a high cleaning ability). There are no completely waste-free technologies; therefore, reliable methods for disposing of harmful substances are needed
Nature knows best.
It is necessary to remove (timber harvesting, hunting, fishing, etc.) from the ecosystem as many biological resources as it itself can restore due to homeostatic mechanisms.
Questions and tasks
1.What are environmental hazards and environmental safety? Tell us about the Concept of Environmental Safety of Russia.
2. Give examples of territories in your region that belong to zones of environmental disaster, environmental emergency, etc.
3.Give your interpretation of Commoner's laws.
Environmental
safety
Environmental
safety in Russia
Environmental situation in Russia Environmental safety
Resources:
S. V. Alekseev.
Ecology: A textbook for 9th grade students of various types of educational institutions. SMIO Press, 1997. - 320 p.
YouTube website
: https://www.youtube.com/
Presentation hosting
— https://ppt4web.ru/nachalnaja-shkola/prezentacija-k-uroku-okruzhajushhego-mira-vo-klasse-chto-takoe-ehkonomika.html
