Who came up with the notes?
Music and notes
Music has always been with man.
Since ancient times, women have calmed their children with quiet, simple melodies. Songs accompanied rituals and ceremonies. They tried to convey sound timbres not only with the human voice, but also with knocking, creaking, and using improvised materials. Quiet chants helped brighten up everyday duties, and noisy songs heralded victories in battles, campaigns, hunting and festivals. Since ancient times, music has been called the highest form of art. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato believed that music awakens all his best qualities in a person, promotes the development of imagination and allows the human soul to soar above everyday life.
So, every melody consists of notes. But what does it mean? The word “note” (nōta) itself comes from the Latin language and literally means “sign”, “mark”. Indeed, a note is a graphic symbol, a sign of the sound of a musical work. In addition to the notes themselves, there are additional symbols - sharp and flat. With their help, the sound changes in pitch, sound and duration.
German notation
Well-known notes in other languages sound and are designated completely differently from what we are used to. One of the most common letter notations is German. In it, the notes are written as follows: C, D, E, F, G, A, H, where C is “Do”, and H is “B”.
The remaining symbols also differ from those familiar to us. Thus, sharp is indicated not by a separate sign, but by the ending -is. It turns out that raising the sound C by a semitone will look like Cis.
Flat is indicated by the ending -es. Accordingly, lowering the sound for the note C is written as Ces. There are also exceptions. For example, according to the rule, the note A with a lower tone should have been written Aes, but the extra letter was shortened and left As. The same thing happened with Ees = Es. And the note C has completely changed its letter: Hes = B.
The symbol of the bekar became the designation of the desired note with a lowercase letter.
Music.4 grades. Workbook.RHYTHM
The workbook is a didactic addition to the textbook and contains creative tasks that will help you understand and reinforce the material in the textbook.
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English notation
In countries where English is the official language, English notation is adopted. The curious thing is that the sequence of notes corresponds to the initial letters of the English alphabet. True, this alphabet “begins” with the note A (that is, A - A, C - B, C - C, and so on until G). The additional designation of sharp became sharp, flat became flat, and becar became an identical note.
What is a "staff"?
The staff consists of five lines, where the first line is the bottom. Notes are written from left to right. If five lines were not enough to record a lower or higher sound, then additional lines are drawn independently.
The first sign on the staff is the treble or bass clef. It sets the overall tonality of a piece of music. If there are additional notations that apply to certain notes throughout the entire piece (sharp, flat, becar), then they are indicated after the key. Next, draw notes.
The notes are an oval - “empty” or shaded. The fullness of the oval, as well as additional lines (calm) added to the note, indicate its duration. For example, an empty oval without a stem is a standard note played for four full counts. But as soon as a calm is added to such a note, the whole note turns into a half note and is played for two counts. Now let's fill in the oval - our note has become a quarter note. If you add a flag on a calm to all of the above, the note will turn into 1/8 of the score. By adding further flags, we continue to reduce the duration of the note.
What happened before the notes?
Sheet music as we know it was not written down until the 11th century. Before this, sounds were designated by letters of the Greek or Latin alphabet. However, such a recording was unsatisfactory - it was difficult to sing the letters, and it was not at all possible to record several parts at the same time.
After some time, church choirs began to use neumas - special hooks and curls - to record notes. They noted the general provisions of the work - increasing or decreasing the sound. However, such a recording was not suitable for describing all the subtleties of the song, and it was almost impossible for the choristers to remember many individual nuances.
Linear notation
Since the neumas did not allow for a detailed description of the actual melody, changes were required in the notation of notes. Letters began to be added to the neumas to reflect the tonality. As a result, the notes became too confusing and difficult to read.
The Italian music theorist and teacher Guido d'Arezzo was able to radically change the type of recordings of musical notation. He replaced countless letters and hooks with lines. At first there were two such lines, then four. Neumas began to be recorded on them or between them. Since Guido was a monk, musical innovations were intended mainly for choristers. Now, during the service, the performers understood what range was needed for a particular piece. Over time, the neumas were replaced by square analogues, which later turned into ovals.
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Guido d'Arezzo - composer of sheet music
The exact date of birth of Guido Aretinsky is unknown; it is believed to be 991 or 992. As a monk, Guido first lived in the Abbey of Pomposa and ran a singing school there. Then he moved to Arezzo and worked in the cathedral. It was there that Guido wrote his most significant works, becoming a music theorist - one of the largest in the Middle Ages.
It was Guido d'Arezzo who gave the names to the notes. He owed his inspiration to an acrostic prayer to John the Baptist. "Ut queant laxis" is a hymn to John the Baptist, written in Latin, the author of which is believed to be Guido. The initial syllables of each line became the names of six notes: Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La. The hymn itself consisted of seven lines, and each line of the first stanza was sung a tone higher.
Art. Music. 7th grade. Music app
The sheet music supplement is addressed to teachers working on the textbook “Art. Music. 7th grade". The textbook complies with the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, is recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and is included in the Federal List. The sheet music application contains musical works (academic and song repertoire), presented in strict accordance with the thematic planning of the work program and textbook materials. The educational and methodological complex also includes a work program, a textbook with an audio supplement, a workbook “Diary of Musical Reflections” and a methodological manual.
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Despite the fact that the names of the notes were given by Guido Aretinsky, it was not he who changed Ut to the familiar Do. There are many versions of the appearance of the name of this note. The most famous theory of origin says that Do appeared in honor of God (Latin Dominus - Lord).
The seventh note also appeared later. She got her name from the initial letters of the seventh line: Sancte Ioannes - Si (St. John - Si).
Beware, fake!
There are many unusual theories on the Internet about the origin of note names. Most often, the authors of the articles (as well as the authors of the notes) are not indicated, but the materials are replete with incredible options. Latin words with the required initial letters are selected, most often this is a random list of beautiful words: matter (rem), miracle (signum), Sun (sol), etc.
However, only one information remains true - it was Guido Aretinsky who invented and named the notes!
Both the development of “notation” before Guido and the changes after his “musical revolution” represent a complicated but very interesting story. To understand the real need to transform notes to the form we are familiar with, it is necessary to know the real author of the notes and the meaning behind their names. #ADVERTISING_INSERT#
