test on the topic “Science. Scientific knowledge" material for preparing for the Unified State Exam (GIA) in social studies (grades 10, 11) on the topic

1.1. What is biology?

Biology is the science that studies living organisms and the interactions between them. The branch of biology that deals with the study of plants is botany. Zoology studies animals. Biologists study all living organisms, from the simplest amoebas, which consist of just one cell, to humans. One of the oldest biologists was Aristotle, who was the first to dissect animals - cut them open and study their structure - and classify them. For more than 1000 years, almost no one was interested in biology, and only during the Renaissance did scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci begin to try to understand how living things work and how they develop. In the 17th century, William Harvey described the movement of blood within the body. The invention of the microscope opened up a lot of new possibilities for biologists. They were able to learn more about animal and plant cells - the smallest “building blocks” that make up living organisms. Studying other microscopic organisms - bacteria - helped Louis Pasteur learn more about diseases and better cope with them. In the 19th century, the English naturalist Charles Darwin revolutionized biology - he created the theory of the evolution of living organisms. Biology is now divided into many different areas.[1]

Anatomy Research Paper Topics

Anatomy Research Paper Topics

Listed topics for research papers in anatomy

can be taken as a basis, supplemented and changed at your discretion.

human anatomy

is the science of the structure of the human body, a branch of biology.

In this list of research paper topics on anatomy

There are both easy and rather complex, but interesting topics in the study.

Each student will choose an interesting topic for their anatomy project

, will study the material in more depth and conduct a little research of his own.

Aromatherapy - influence on the body. The great surgeon Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov. Vitamin ABC Taste hallucinations. The influence of hormones on human growth and development. The influence of indoor plants on human health. The influence of the magnetic field on organisms The influence of narcotic substances on human health. The influence of tattoos and piercings on the body. The influence of the chemical composition of drinking water on human health.

Blood type and hereditary diseases. Blood groups and paths to human health Blood groups. Inheritance of blood groups in humans. What is the tongue for? Mysteries of interhemispheric asymmetry. Riddles of memory Proper housekeeping Proper nutrition is the key to health. Products that are good for the eyes. Prevention of heart disease Travel through the digestive system. Early ephemeroid – Schrenk's Tulip (phenological observations). Common human diseases controlled by genes. Flycatcher plants Vegetation cover of the coasts of salt lakes. Reflex arc and reflex The role of imprinting in human life. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for sleep. Secrets of longevity Selection of animals and microorganisms. Methods. Blue-green algae: impact on ecosystems and humans. Tell me who lives in the pond and I will tell you what it is like. Hearing analyzer. Hearing hygiene. Sleep and dreams Amazing properties of water. Establishing norms and duration of sleep. Herbal medicines in modern medicine. Health formula. Optical systems of the eye and their disorders Organs and systems of human organs Human sensory organs Features of higher nervous activity of humans. Features of the structure and functions of the eye Fingerprints Digestion Digestive system and modern nutrition of schoolchildren. Origin of man Cardiovascular diseases The heart and the effect of chemicals on it. Human heart Siamese twins Human skeleton Perfection of the human hand Human sleep Comparative characteristics of the work of the human and animal hearts using the ECG method. Human aging and the possibility of immortality. Structure and properties of bones. Structure and functions of cells Structure of the heart Structure of the human skeleton. Bones The mystery of the red ears. Chemical elements in the human body. Mysteries of the cerebral hemispheres. Riddles of the ear Sound - hearing - brain Vision and its value in human life. Study and calculation of biological rhythms Interesting facts about the properties of the brain Study of the influence of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain on the abilities and creative potential of students. Study of the genetic features of inheritance of blood groups according to the ABO system (using the example of my family). Study and comparison of the dental system of dogs and humans. Study of the properties of the eye How does the brain work? How hair works. How the human heart works. Skin as an organ of cognitive interests of the researcher. Human skin Human skin and its functions Skin is a reliable defense of the human body. Blood in the human body Blood is the river of life Mechanics of the heart. Mechanical properties of bone tissue. The brain and human abilities The brain is the highest creation of nature Human thought processes Inheritance of blood type. The relationship between blood type, human character and diseases. Nails Musculoskeletal system. Human bones. Musculoskeletal system. Muscles Optical system of the eye

The effect of chocolate on the human body Enemies of blood circulation. Identification of the nature of contamination of the school territory using snow analysis. Giants and dwarfs Food hygiene. Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. The bitter truth about bitter beer Dendroclimatology of birch trees in our village. Pets - Achatina Bustard, as a representative of the Red Book. Is it harmful in products? “To eat or not to eat, to drink or not to drink.” Life in the Paleozoic era Respiratory disease. Prevention of respiratory system diseases. The mystery of animal diversity Hardening the body Studying the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city. Immunity protects human health. Using the principle of bone structure in architecture. Study of bacterial contamination of household items and hands of school students. Study of the level of development of flat feet among students in grades 1-8. History of the development of Anatomy Skin - a mirror of health Forest animals of Russia. Fistula method by Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Microworld: who are they? And how to deal with them? Negative effects of noise Dangers awaiting humans. Determination of the index of food additives of Orchids and their methods of attracting insects. Features of the expression of emotions in a mammal (using the example of a pet). Features of a healthy diet and vitamins Obtaining ecological packaging from nettles. Analyzers. Visual and auditory. Human anatomy and physiology Anthropometric studies Anthropometry. Hereditary proportions of the human body. Internal environment of the body. The meaning of blood Capabilities and features of the human eye Age-related changes in the dynamics of the vital capacity of the lungs. Human hair Hair is an indicator of human health and beauty. Congenital pathology of the upper lip Family tree of my family Geography of blood group The eye is an important and complex organ of vision. The eye is an amazing gift of nature The eyes are a window to the world The eyes are the mirror of the soul The brain Blue blood: myth or reality? Hormones of life. Hormones are regulators of living organisms

1.2. The role of biology in human life.

Having understood what biology is, the question arises: what role does it play in people’s lives?

Biology is closely related to other sciences and widely applies their methods (geography, history, chemistry, physics, mathematical disciplines, cybernetics, philosophy, etc.).

Methods for studying living objects include observation, experiment (as well as description, comparison, analysis, synthesis, historical method, mathematical modeling, etc.).

Today, the role of biology in human life and practical activities is growing. This is due to the worsening environmental situation on Earth caused by population growth, high energy consumption, and worsening social contradictions. Further development and even the existence of modern civilization is possible only in harmony with the environment, which requires deep knowledge and compliance with biological laws, and the widespread use of biotechnology.[3]

Since people's need for biology is growing, we can answer the question: where is this science used?

Biology underlies the medical and agricultural sciences. Biology solves the most important practical problems, for example: food production. The task of developing methods for preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and diseases of the cardiovascular system is very important.

1.3. Biology in professions

Biology is the science that studies living things and their interactions with their environment. At first glance, the answer to the question, “What professions are related to biology?” seems obvious: of course, this is the profession of a biologist! However, this does not clarify the situation at all: there are many biological disciplines, each of which is associated with a group of professions, and all these professions can be united under the general name “biologist.”

The professions of man - nature and man - man are mainly associated with such a subject as biology, but we will understand all areas.

Plants and crop production

This includes various professions, from agronomist to landscaper. The most unusual professions are: winegrower, juice processor, landscaper.

Agronomist. Knowing and enhancing nature, creating new varieties of crops, growing bread and protecting plants are the responsibilities of an agronomist, the most common profession of plant growers. An agronomist bases his activities primarily on knowledge of biology and agronomy. There are quite a lot of varieties of agronomist. The training of an agronomist with higher education is carried out by higher agricultural educational institutions, and with secondary education - by agricultural technical schools. In the process of studying at a higher educational institution, he can obtain the specialty of agronomist - soil scientist, agronomist in plant protection, agronomist - agrochemist. There is also an agronomist - seed grower, an agronomist - fruit and vegetable grower, and an agronomist for the storage of agricultural products.

Animals and livestock farming

Here, the name of the profession basically corresponds to what the person will do. For example: machine milking operator. There are also professions here that no one would even think about. For example: rabbit breeder, reindeer breeder, horse trainer and many other professions.

Veterinarian. I.P. Pavlov: “A medical doctor treats a person, and a veterinarian treats humanity.” A veterinarian is an active figure in veterinary and sanitary supervision. The purpose of this control is to prevent and suppress violations of sanitary rules, and ensure the release of high-quality products and animal raw materials. You can obtain a specialty at a veterinary university and at the veterinary faculties of agricultural universities.

The human and animal body. This includes such professions as: human and animal physiologist, physiologist of higher nervous activity.

Life Science

This includes professions that require a lot of work and perseverance. These professions are responsible and require concentration. These include a biochemist, microbiologist and virologist, cytologist, embryologist, geneticist, and ecologist. These professions are taught at biological faculties, universities, institutes, and universities.

Forestry. The list of these professions is small, but very important. Forester and technician - forestry engineer. They are trained in vocational schools.

Biology is needed even in the processing of agricultural products. This includes such sections as: flour milling and elevator production, baking, pasta, dairy, butter, cheese, meat products, fish processing, sugar production, confectionery, microbiological. [6]

Few people knew that confectionery and sugar production are completely different sections. The professions that belong here are also very interesting and unusual. Doser operator, dough maker, semi-finished pasta presser, butter maker, natural sausage casing maker and many other interesting professions.

It turns out that professions such as a cook also require biology. Confectioners also cannot do without it. You can study for these professions at technical schools, institutes, vocational schools, and universities in the food industry.

Health

Doctor. Don't forget about the most common profession related to biology. While studying in medicine, you will have to deal with various branches of this science, including not only anatomy and physiology, but also microbiology, biochemistry, histology, genetics and many other disciplines. Biological knowledge is very important for any physician. The medical profession is one of the oldest in the world. His task is to use his knowledge to prevent and treat various diseases. In addition, the doctor must strengthen the person’s immunity and maintain his health. A practitioner is involved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries. The doctor provides routine and emergency medical care to patients in a timely manner. In addition, it carries out sanitary education work among the population.[6]

Pharmacist. Biology is also necessary for those who want to work in the pharmaceutical industry, that is, in the development and production of drugs. The cause of many diseases is microorganisms, and in order to fight them, you need to know the features of their vital functions. And the life activity of organisms is exactly what biologists specialize in.

2.1. Educational institutions of the Sverdlovsk region

We found out in which institutes you can get a higher education in order to connect your life with biology. The children of our school prefer to study in the cities of Nizhny Tagil and Yekaterinburg.

Ekaterinburg:

• Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University 620012, Ekaterinburg, st. Mashinostroiteley, 11 t/f. (3432) 319463
• Ural State Medical Academy Sverdlovsk Region 620219, Ekaterinburg, st. Repina, 3
• Ural State Agricultural Academy Sverdlovsk Region 620219, Ekaterinburg, st. Karl Liebknecht, 42
• Ural State Forestry University 620032, Ekaterinburg, B-32, Siberian Tract, 37 (3432) 242373, 240337
• State educational institution of higher professional education "Ural State Pedagogical University", Yekaterinburg, Ave. Kosmonavtov, 26 (343) 336-14-00

Nizhny Tagil

Nizhny Tagil State Social Pedagogical Academy

Nizhny Tagil, st. Krasnogvardeyskaya, 57

(3435)-255-510 [5]

We concluded that in the Sverdlovsk region you can study for a specialty related to biology in the cities of Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil, and you can also get an education in other cities of the Sverdlovsk region.

State budgetary professional educational institution

Tel.: +7 (34355) 3-45-68

Irbitsky district, Zaykovo village

2. State autonomous professional educational institution of the Sverdlovsk region “Ural College of Technology and Entrepreneurship”

Ekaterinburg, st. Umeltsev, 5, tel. (343)256-96-24

3. State Autonomous Professional Educational Institution "Nizhny Tagil Construction College"

Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, Mira Ave., 58, tel.

4. Vocational school No. 135, N. Tagil, st. Chernoistochinskoe highway, 58, tel. 83435249500

5. GBOU SPO SO "Social and professional technical school "Builder", Ekaterinburg, st. Artinskaya, 26, tel. 289-04-38, 289-06-87

6. Artinsky vocational school

Sverdlovsk region, village Arti, st. Lenina, 258, (4391)21918

7. Baikal vocational school

Sverdlovsk region, from Baikalovo, Revolution street 1, +7 (34362) 2-04-68

8. Beloyarsk multidisciplinary technical school

Sverdlovsk region, Beloyarsky district, r.p. Beloyarsky, st. Shkolnaya, 1, phone: (34377) 4-75-50, 7-68-18

9. Verkhnesinyachikha Agro-Industrial College

Sverdlovsk region, Alapaevsky district, urban settlement Verkhnyaya Sinyachikha, st. Oktyabrskaya, 62, building 1, 8(34346)47-5-36

10. Verkhoturye Vocational School

Sverdlovsk region, Verkhoturye, Khankevicha street 2A, (34389)21793

11. Vysokogorsk multidisciplinary technical school

Sverdlovsk region, N. Tagil, Lipovy tract, 11, (3435) 247201

12. State Autonomous Professional Educational Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Kamensk-Ural Agro-Industrial College” (GAPOU SO “KUAT”)

Sverdlovsk region, 623417, Kamensk-Uralsky, st. Mekhanizatorov, 20, t. (3439)39-61-91

13. Kamyshlovsky Humanitarian and Technical College

Sverdlovsk region, Kamyshlov, st. Severnaya, 63

Sverdlovsk region, r.p. Pyshma, st. Transportnikov, 28 (technical school branch), (34375) 23840

2.2 Excursion to LLC Agrocomplex "Gornouralsky"

LLC Agrocomplex "Gornouralsky" is one of the largest pig farms in the Sverdlovsk region, fully meeting modern international technological and veterinary standards.

Today, the pig farm contains over 42 thousand heads of livestock, including about 9 thousand heads on the breeding farm. The production capacity of the pig farm is 80 thousand piglets per year.

The main consumer of pork from the Gornouralsky Agrocomplex for the production of meat products is the Good Taste plant.

The complex has modern equipment for feeding animals, all premises of the complex are equipped with the latest ventilation system. The required microclimate is automatically maintained in pigsties. The feeding and ventilation system is fully computerized. The boxes with piglets have heated floors.

Complex details:

LLC Agrocomplex "Gornouralsky"

622904, Sverdlovsk region,

Suburban district, Gornouralsky village

Tel: +7 (3435) 912-669 e-mail: [email protected]

Director: Burdakov Sergey Gennadievich

We met with the director of the agricultural complex and interviewed him.

Sergei Gennadievich told us that the company needs young specialists. Due to the changing economic situation, layoffs are coming. The staff is aging, 30% of employees are pensioners, and replacement is needed.

The main professions that are currently required are livestock operators, veterinary processing operators, and there is an opportunity for career growth.

The director expresses great gratitude to the senior employees, but they will soon retire. Of those working, 4 people are studying. Several years ago, two young specialists came, one of them no longer works. Today there is one young specialist working who has become a resident of our village. The company tries to create special conditions for young workers, but subject to conscientious work.

The average salary in the agricultural complex is 20 thousand rubles, there are also higher salaries. There are no delays in wages.

2.3. Sociological survey

We conducted a survey among students and asked the following questions:

• What professions do you know related to biology?
• Do you want to connect your life with biology?

A total of 54 respondents took part in the survey.

Anatomy Research Project Topics

Project topics on human anatomy:

Analyzers. Visual and auditory. Human anatomy and physiology Anthropometric studies Anthropometry. Hereditary proportions of the human body. Internal environment of the body. The meaning of blood Capabilities and features of the human eye Age-related changes in the dynamics of the vital capacity of the lungs. Human hair Hair is an indicator of human health and beauty. Congenital pathology of the upper lip Family tree of my family Geography of blood group The eye is an important and complex organ of vision. The eye is an amazing gift of nature The eyes are a window to the world The eyes are the mirror of the soul The brain Blue blood: myth or reality? Hormones of life. Hormones are regulators of living organisms. Blood type and hereditary diseases. Blood groups and paths to human health Blood groups. Inheritance of blood groups in humans. What is the tongue for? Mysteries of interhemispheric asymmetry. Mysteries of memory. Mysteries of the cerebral hemispheres. Riddles of the ear Sound - hearing - brain Vision and its value in human life. Study and calculation of biological rhythms Interesting facts about the properties of the brain Study of the influence of interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain on the abilities and creative potential of students. Study of the genetic features of inheritance of blood groups according to the ABO system (using the example of my family). Study and comparison of the dental system of dogs and humans. Study of the properties of the eye How does the brain work? How hair works. How the human heart works Skin as an organ of cognitive interests of the researcher. Human skin Human skin and its functions Skin is a reliable defense of the human body. Blood in the human body Blood is the river of life Mechanics of the heart. Mechanical properties of bone tissue.