Life and work of A.S. Pushkin presentation for a literature lesson (grade 6)

Presentations for literature lessons, grade 6 presentation for a lesson (literature, grade 6) on the topic

SERGEY TIMOFEEVICH AKSAKOV SERGEY TIMOFEEVICH AKSAKOV Prose writer, memoirist, theater and literary critic, journalistCorresponding member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Aksakov S. T. - literary and theater critic, memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting. Father of Russian writers and public figures Slavophiles: Konstantin, Ivan and Vera Aksakov. SERGEY TIMOFEEVICH AKSAKOV Possessed some incomprehensible gift of depicting nature and man together, in an inseparable unity. CREATIVITY His first notable experience in prose was his essay “Buran” (1833). It was published anonymously in the almanac "Dennitsa" in 1834. THEORY An essay is one of the varieties of the small form of epic literature - a story, different from its other form, a short story, in the absence of a single, acute and quickly resolved conflict and the greater development of a descriptive image. The basis of the plot The essay is based on a real event known to Aksakov from the words of eyewitnesses. The text contains wonderful descriptions of nature both in terms of poetry and authenticity. From memoirs “Although six years have passed since I left the Orenburg region, the pictures of its summer and winter nature were fresh in my memory. I remembered the terrible winter snowstorms, from which I myself had been in danger and even once spent the night in a haystack; I remembered the story I heard about the damaged convoy - and wrote “Buran”. "Buran" was noticed by contemporaries. A laudatory note was published in the Moscow Telegraph, edited by N. Polev, who did not know about the authorship of Aksakov, his ideological opponent. Aksakov’s description of the snowstorm was subsequently used as a model when depicting a winter storm by A. S. Pushkin in “The Captain’s Daughter” and L. N. Tolstoy in “The Blizzard.” WORKING WITH THE TEXT “Not a cloud in the foggy whitish sky, not the slightest wind on the snowy plains. The red but unclear sun turned from low midday to near sunset. The cruel Epiphany frost shackled nature, squeezed, scorched, burned all living things. But man is at peace with the fury of the elements; Russian peasants are not afraid of frost.” WORKING WITH THE TEXT “Everything still seemed clear in the sky and quiet on the earth. The sun inclined to the west and, slanting its rays across the vast masses of snow, covered them with a diamond bark, and the grove, disfigured by the adhering frost, in its snow and ice, presented from a distance wonderful and varied obelisks, also showered with a diamond shine. Everything was great..." COMPARISONS "A cloud like the sky" "Snowy steppes like swan's fluff" "White darkness like the darkness of a dark autumn night" "Snowy dust like a snake" folklore images folklore images descriptions of a snowstorm: fairy-tale characters - Zmey Gorynych, Tugarin Zmey. They, according to popular belief, personify enemy power and the demonic principle. The expression “trouble came inevitably” is also folklore, i.e. a trouble that cannot be avoided or bypassed. “Six brave souls, or, better said, fools, who listened to the young daredevil, probably soon lost their way, as usual began to look for it, testing with their feet whether there would be a hard strip in the soft snow, scattered in different directions, exhausted - and everyone was frozen. In the spring, the bodies of the unfortunate people were found in various positions. One of them was sitting, leaning against the fence of that same camp...” The text contains words that directly indicate death: dust, darkness, abyss, death, sacrifices. People cannot avoid death; the disaster claims the lives of six people. And only those who listened to the old man’s advice and remained to spend the night in the steppe remain alive, lining up carts around and lifting up the shafts, covered with felts, and people hid under them, as if under a hut. The blizzard scene - the scene of the introduction of the main character Pugachev in the second chapter of The Captain's Daughter - is solved in Aksakov's style: “I heard about the blizzards there and knew that whole carts were covered in them... Fine snow began to fall - and suddenly it started falling in flakes. The wind howled; there was a snowstorm. In an instant, the dark sky mixed with the snowy sea. Everything has disappeared. “Well, master,” the coachman shouted, “trouble: a snowstorm!” Do pp. 73-80 at home, read, memorize -1 poem, artistic work

Literature lesson. 6th grade. A.S. Pushkin. Essay on life and work “What’s in your name...?”

LITERATURE
LESSON 6th CLASS was developed by the teacher of Russian language and literature of the Dmitrievskaya secondary school of І-ІІ levels Plekhanova V.I.

A.S. Pushkin.
Essay on life and creativity (Literary drawing room). "What's in a name?"
Purpose of the lesson: To familiarize yourself with the biography and work of A.S. Pushkin, learn to expressively read lyrical works by heart. Introducing students to the world of art, to the world of fiction, developing an understanding of the mood of a work of art, creative imagination, fantasy, instilling the ability to listen directly and emotionally, to “get infected” with emotions, to empathize. Type: Educational.

Preparatory stage: tasks for groups

1. Search work “Family tree”, Lyceum years”, “Pushkin’s Nanny”.

2. Selection of musical accompaniment.

3. Study of program and extra-program poems by A.S. Pushkin.

4. Preparation of the presentation of an album with portraits of the poet’s contemporaries.

5. interior design, selection of costumes.

Questions to find answers are developed and discussed in groups, teams, group leaders (coordinators) are identified, main sources are identified, and an activity plan is written down. Students in groups and then in class discuss forms of presenting the result of research activities, identifying missing knowledge to present the result. Students carry out search activities.

Equipment: Table covered with a tablecloth, cups of tea, napkins with sewing, sweets for participants, a separate table for guests; a table near the blackboard with a candelabra and lit candles, on the table is a volume of A.S. Pushkin’s poetry and a pen in an inkwell, on the blackboard there is the inscription “What’s in your name?”, on the left side of the blackboard there is a portrait of the poet, on the other part - his genealogy . TSO: projector, laptop.

At the door of the classroom there are students in ball gowns and students in suits and ties, guests enter, the guys meet them and escort them to the table.

Teacher's opening speech

. Dear ladies and gentlemen, we are pleased to welcome you to our literary living room. Today there are guests at the literary readings (represents). We started our meeting by listening to A.S. Dragomyzhsky’s romance to the poems of A.S. Pushkin “What’s in my name for you.” Name ALEXANDER! There are only 9 sounds... and how much meaning, associations, feelings, significance they contain! Unfortunately, the man whose portrait is in front of us is no longer with us, because he lived about 200 years ago. But his name has been present in our lives from an early age, his fairy tales, poems, poems are familiar and loved to us. The guest of our literary living room today is Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. But today we would like to remember him not as a classic of literature of the 19th century, but as a person with his affections, joys and sorrows. Let's pay attention to the poet's pedigree; here we can see several interesting facts.

Speech by the coordinator of group 1.
A story about the childhood of A.S. Pushkin, a description of his genealogy.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on June 6 (May 26, old style) 1799 in Moscow. His father, Sergei Lvovich (1771 -1848), came from a landowner, once rich family. Among his acquaintances there were many writers, and his brother Vasily Lvovich gained fame as a poet.

The genealogy of A. S. Pushkin has repeatedly been the subject of close research. The ancestors of A.S. Pushkin - the Ratshichi family - are one of the most famous and significant families in Russia, whose history stretches back to ancient times. The Ratshichi considered their ancestor Ratsha, who left at the end of the 12th century, whose ancestry goes back to Rurik of Denmark, the ring thrower. We learned that among the warriors of Alexander Nevsky was Ratislav, who died in battle with the Germans in 1268. In some chronicles he is called Ratsha. Perhaps it was he who was mistakenly considered by the poet to be his ancestor. A similar form of diminutive names was widespread in Veliky Novgorod (Kirill - Kirsha, Daniil - Dansha, Pavel - Pavsha, etc.). The first historically reliable person in the Ratshi family tree is Gavrila Aleksic, the great-grandson of Ratsha. However, the Pushkins were descendants of Alexander Ivanovich Morkhini, who in 1339 was the Moscow governor. He left four sons who became the founders of the noble families of the Kholopishchevs, Gavrilovs, Nevedomitsins and Pushkins. The youngest son of Alexander Ivanovich, Grigory Alexandrovich, bore the nickname Pushka. The most notable is the Musin-Pushkin family, which entered its name into the chronicle of Russian culture thanks to the activities of the collector and historian Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin.

The great-grandson of Grigory Pushka, Mikhail Timofeevich Ulitin-Pushkin, bore the nickname Musa. He lived in the second half of the 15th century. and died around 1490.

The hypothesis that I. A. Musin-Pushkin was the son of a tsar is supported by the fact that it was first set forth by Prince P. V. Dolgorukov, a famous historian and genealogist of the 19th century, a great expert in gossip and dark moments in genealogies noble families. Thus, we can assume with a fair degree of confidence that this Musin-Pushkin line is the first illegitimate branch of the royal Romanov family.

Ivan Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin made a brilliant career under Peter I. In 1677 he served as a steward, twelve years later he was appointed governor of Smolensk, and in 1693 he received the rank of okolnichy, then - boyars. Married to the niece of Patriarch Joachim, Mavra Timofeevna Savelova.

In the 15th century The Pushkins are known for having owned estates in Dmitrovsky district, in the same place as other descendants of Grigory Pushka. The rise of this family occurs in the second half of the 16th century. and is directly connected with Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Gavrila Pushkin was no more and no less than the son-in-law of Ivan the Terrible himself. In 1579, he married Maria Melentyevna Ivanova, the daughter of a clerk executed in the oprichnina, and Vasilisa Melentyeva, the tsar’s sixth wife.

After the suppression of the branch of Gavrila Grigorievich by the beginning of the 18th century. There was only one line of the family left - the offspring of the guardsman Semyon Mikhailovich. The son of Semyon Mikhailovich, Timofey Semenovich, was a governor in Tsarev-Borisov in 1601, and in Tsivilsk in 1618. He left a son, Pyotr Timofeevich Black Tolstoy, who served as the commander of a guard regiment in Pronsk in 1624. In 1625–1628. Pyotr Timofeevich ruled in Tyumen and died around 1634. From his marriage with Elena Grigorievna Sunbulova (from an ancient Ryazan family), Pyotr Timofeevich left a son, Pyotr Petrovich, who served as a steward.

Pyotr Petrovich did not live long and died in 1661. Pyotr Petrovich’s son, also Pyotr Petrovich, steward and second judge of the Vladimir court order, died on February 12, 1692. He had five sons, of whom the third, Alexander Petrovich, was the poet’s great-grandfather on his father’s side , and the fifth, Fyodor Petrovich, is his maternal great-great-grandfather.

Alexander Petrovich Pushkin was born in the 90s. XVII century His two Pushkin children, Lev and Maria, were raised by their grandfather Golovin, to whom management of the Pushkin family estates also passed. Lev Aleksandrovich Pushkin (1723–1790), son of Alexander Petrovich, was enlisted in the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment as a child. His career went without any special ups and downs. In 1759 L. A. Pushkin received the rank of major.

From two marriages, Lev Aleksandrovich Pushkin left five sons: artillery lieutenant colonel Nikolai (1745–1821), artillery lieutenant colonel Peter (1751–1825), captain Alexander (1757–after 1796), collegiate assessor Vasily (1767–1830) and state councilor Sergei (1770–1848). In addition, he was the father of two daughters: Anna (1769–1824) and Elizaveta (1776–1848), in her marriage to Solntseva.

The Pushkin family continued from Sergei Lvovich, who was married to the “beautiful Creole” Nadezhda Osipovna Hannibal (1775–1836). She was the great-niece of her husband. Nadezhda Osipovna’s parents were fleet captain Osip (January) Abramovich Hannibal (son of the famous Peter the Great’s “blackamoor”) and Maria Alekseevna (née Pushkina). Maria Alekseevna was the daughter of captain Alexei Fedorovich Pushkin and the granddaughter of the steward Fedor Petrovich, the younger brother of Alexander Petrovich. Thus, the offspring of the two brothers were united after three generations by the marriage of Sergei Lvovich Pushkin and Nadezhda Osipovna Hannibal.

From this marriage were born: Olga (1797–1869), married Pavlishcheva, Alexander (1799–1837), Lev (1805–1852

The poet's lineage did not stop. His descendants along the female lines - the families of Vorontsov-Velyaminov and Vorontsov, Bykov, Danilevsky, Klimenko, Mezentsov, Galin and others - still live today. Several branches adopted the Pushkin family name. The history of the family continues.

2. Presentation of an album with portraits of contemporaries (nanny Arina Rodionovna). Report about Yakovleva A.R. Reading by heart the poem “Nanny”, prepared by group 2.

Speaking about Alexander’s childhood, I would like to emphasize the important role of his mother’s grandmother Maria Alekseevna Hannibal and nanny Arina Rodionovna in his upbringing. After all, the boy’s parents: father Sergei Lvovich Pushkin, a wit, a passionate lover of poetry, “of an ardent and extremely irritable disposition” and mother, Nadezhda Osipovna, hardly cared for their children. They were more interested in social life: lunches, dinners and dances. The boy, like all the children of his circle, was raised by French governesses and tutors who lived in the house. His grandmother taught him to read and write in Russian. These two women in Pushkin’s life gave Alexander the maternal love and affection he so lacked.

We have known the poet’s nanny since childhood, as if she looked after not only the poet, but also ourselves. She has a place of honor in any biography of the poet. Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva got married in 1781, and she was allowed to move to her husband in the village of Kobrino, not far from present-day Gatchina. A year after Pushkin’s birth, his grandmother Maria Hannibal sold Kobrino and her people and bought Zakharovo near Moscow. Arina, her family and the house in which they lived were excluded from the sale by her grandmother. The situation is not as clear as they say. At one time it was generally believed that Maria Hannibal either gave or wanted to give Arina her freedom.

Arina refused her freedom. This is stated in her memoirs by Pushkin’s sister Olga Sergeevna Pavlishcheva. The nanny remained a yard servant. It is important that Arina Rodionovna herself and her children found themselves in a special position. Arina either stayed to serve with the Pushkins, or returned to the village, and we don’t know exactly where. When necessary, she was brought to serve in the manor's house, but she was also returned, apparently, to Mikhailovskoye. She is something like a housekeeper: she guards the estate, carries out orders for the masters, they trust her, convinced of her honesty, with some financial matters. In 1792, Arina was taken by Maria Hannibal to the house of her daughter’s guardian, that is, Pushkin’s mother, the wet nurse of this guardian’s son. The poet’s uncle A.Yu. Pushkin writes about this son that “Gannibalova gave him the above-described Arina Rodionovna as a nurse from Kobrin.” She “was left as his nanny until 1797.”

After Olga, Arina nursed Alexander and Lev, but was only a nurse for Olga. The poet's love for his nanny is confirmed by his poems.

Reading the poem “Nanny” by heart.

Friend of my harsh days, my decrepit dove! Alone in the wilderness of pine forests For a long, long time you have been waiting for me. You are under the window of your little room, You are grieving, as if on a clock, And the knitting needles hesitate every minute In your wrinkled hands. You look through the forgotten gates onto the black distant path: Melancholy, premonitions, worries are constantly pressing on your chest. It seems to you...

3. Message from group 3 about the poet’s lyceum years.

The next no less important stage in Pushkin’s life were the years spent at the Lyceum. Alexander was 12 years old when his parents decided to enroll their son in the newly founded Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. In the summer of 1811, accompanied by his uncle Vasily Lvovich, Pushkin went to St. Petersburg. He left Moscow for a long time; Milestones and post stations, of which there would be so many later in his wandering life, flashed in front of the carriage windows. Childhood is over. He was going to the Lyceum. The first intake was 30 young men, all from noble families. Six wonderful years...Dreams, dreams of personality development...

Pushkin’s closest friends were: Ivan Pushchin (“No. 13”, neighbor in the “cell”) - a fair, brave, calmly cheerful young man; Wilhelm Küchelbecker - the enthusiastic, poetry-obsessed, absurd and touching “Küchl”; Anton Delvig is a good-natured, slow-moving dreamer and also a poet. The spirit of freethinking reigned in the “lyceum republic.”

Reading by heart an excerpt from a poem about lyceum memories.

My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal - Unshakable, free and carefree, He grew together under the canopy of friendly muses. Wherever fate throws us And happiness wherever it leads. We are still the same: the whole world is foreign to us; Our Fatherland is Tsarskoe Selo.

From end to end we are pursued by thunderstorms, entangled in the nets of a harsh fate, I tremblingly into the bosom of a new friendship, Tired, I leaned on the caressing head... With my sad and rebellious prayer, With the trusting hope of the first years, I gave myself up to some friends with a tender soul; But their greeting was bitter and unbrotherly.

And now here, in this forgotten wilderness, In the abode of desert blizzards and cold. A sweet consolation was prepared for me: Three of you, friends of my soul, I embraced here. The poet’s house is disgraced, O my Pushchin, you were the first to visit; You sweetened the sad day of exile, You turned it into the day of the Lyceum.

4. Presentation of an album with portraits of contemporaries (friend I.I. Pushchin). A message about a friend, a connection with lyceum memories. Reading by heart of the poem “Pushchinu” by the student.

Looking at the portraits from the album “Pushkin’s Contemporaries”, let’s pay attention to this portrait. This is a portrait of his best friend Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin. Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin

(1798-1859) - Pushkin’s lyceum friend, one of his closest friends, ensign of the Life Guards Horse Artillery. In 1823, I. Pushchin resigned, and from December 1823 he worked as a judge of the Moscow Court. In 1816-1817 he was a member of the “Sacred Artel” political circle. Directly participated in the preparation of the uprising on December 14. After the defeat of the uprising, Pushchin was sentenced to death, which Nicholas I commuted to twenty years of hard labor in Siberia. After the amnesty of 1856, old and sick, I. Pushchin received permission to return to St. Petersburg. The great Pushkin called him “my first friend, my priceless friend.” Their last meeting took place in the winter of 1825, when the poet was in exile in Mikhailovskoye.

Reading by heart a poem
by I. PUSHCHIN
My first friend, my priceless friend! And I blessed fate, When my secluded yard, covered with sad snow, Your bell rang.

I pray to holy providence: May my voice grant your soul the same consolation, May it illuminate the imprisonment with the Ray of clear lyceum days!

Winter. Cold. Loneliness. Link - and suddenly the bell rings...

Listening to the romance “Troika” (music by E. Svetlanov).

Teacher's word.

Music sets the mood. After listening to the romance, we imagined a winter road, a white tablecloth of fields, a frozen river. And here we have a new picture: a winter morning, the sun, the shine of ice on a frozen river. And I don’t want to be sad anymore, I want to believe in good, bright things.

The student reciting the poem “Winter Morning” by heart.

Frost and sun; wonderful day! You are still dozing, lovely friend - It’s time, beauty, wake up: Open your closed eyes towards the northern Aurora, appear as the star of the north!

In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry, there was darkness in the cloudy sky; The moon, like a pale spot, turned yellow through the dark clouds, And you sat sad - And now... look out the window:

Under blue skies, Magnificent carpets, Glistening in the sun, the snow lies; The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the frost, And the river glitters under the ice.

The whole room is illuminated with an amber shine. The flooded stove crackles with a cheerful sound. It's nice to think by the bed. But you know: shouldn’t I tell the brown filly to harness the sleigh?

Sliding through the morning snow, dear friend, let us indulge in the running of the impatient horse and visit the empty fields, the forests that were recently so dense, and the shore that is dear to me.

5. Presentation of an album with portraits of contemporaries (A.P. Kern).

It is unknown which woman the poet is addressing, calling her a beauty. He loved a lot and was loved. The teacher flips through the album and shows the portrait.

Listening to a musical and sound message: background and romance “I remember a wonderful moment.”

6. A message about the history of writing the poem “I loved you...”.

Anna Olenina was the daughter of Alexei Nikolaevich Olenin and Elizaveta Markovna, née Poltoratskaya, and was Anna Kern's cousin. Her father, a very enlightened man, was the director of the Public Library and the president of the Academy of Arts.

Pushkin began visiting the Olenins’ salon at the beginning of 1817 and here he met Anna, who was still a child. They met again, apparently, in the fall or early winter of 1827 at E.F. Tizenhausen, where Olenina, by her own admission, “saw the most interesting man of her time.” In May - August 1828, Pushkin became a frequent visitor to the Olenins' house in St. Petersburg and the Priyutino manor. In the margins of his manuscripts from that time, the name Olenina constantly appears: in Russian, in French, in reverse reading - Aninelo, or even in the version that leaves no doubt - Annete Pouchkine. In May 1828, the poet wrote beautiful poems inspired by feelings for dear Olenina: “Her eyes”, “Alas! the chatty language of love”, “To Dawe, ESQR”, “You and You”, “I loved you”. At the age of seventeen, Anna Alekseevna was appointed maid of honor to the empresses: Maria Feodorovna and Elizaveta Alekseevna; at court she was considered one of the outstanding beauties, standing out, in addition, for her brilliant and playful mind and special love for everything elegant,” contemporaries wrote about her. Olenin had known and appreciated Pushkin for a long time, but it is unlikely that he was particularly happy when he heard that the poet in love was going to propose to his daughter. Meanwhile, Pushkin had the most serious intentions. He actually soon proposed, but Olenina’s mother Elizaveta Markovna resolutely and sharply refused him. One of the reasons for the refusal could be Pushkin's reputation as a politically unreliable person.

Reading by heart the poem “I loved you...”

I loved you: love, perhaps, has not yet completely died out in my soul; But don't let it bother you anymore; I don't want to make you sad in any way. I loved you silently, hopelessly, sometimes with timidity, sometimes with jealousy. I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly, As God grant you to be loved differently.

Listening to the romance “I loved you...”.

Summarizing. Final words from the teacher. Genius is a timeless phenomenon. What is talented can become obsolete, but what is brilliant does not age. The great master, genius - Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin fascinated and continues to fascinate readers of many generations with the beauty, life-affirming power and unsurpassed artistic height of his works.

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