Presentation on the topic “Adolescence. Age and psychological characteristics"
Every age is good in its own way. And at the same time, each age has its own characteristics and difficulties. Adolescence is no exception.
This is the longest transition period, which is characterized by a number of physical changes. At this time, intensive development of the personality takes place, its rebirth.
From the psychological dictionary: “Adolescence is a stage of ontogenetic development between childhood and adulthood (from 11–12 to 16–17 years), which is characterized by qualitative changes associated with puberty and entry into adulthood.” The crisis of adolescence is associated with a new formation: educational activity produces a “turn” from a focus on the world to a focus on oneself. The solution to the question - “What am I?” - can only be found by confronting reality.
Age characteristics.
Physical.
1. Growth at this age is not only rapid, but also uneven. Therefore, he often feels tired and clumsy. Thinks he is attracting everyone's attention and feels awkward.
2. Signs of puberty begin to appear. Shows interest in the opposite sex. In girls it manifests itself earlier.
3. Girls usually look older than boys.
4. Most people have a big appetite.
5. May seem lazy at times (his body’s natural way of protecting himself from excessive stress).
Intelligent.
1. Changes in thinking occur. Requires facts and evidence. He no longer readily accepts everything he is told and criticizes everything. Particularly critical of authorities. Does not like to share the same beliefs with others. It is difficult for him to accept those considerations that go against his desires.
2. Begins to think abstractly, but usually finds only extreme “contrasting” explanations for everything. Either he sees everything in black or white.
3. The ability for logical thinking increases.
4. Capable of complex perceptions of time and space.
5. Capable of expressing creative imagination and creative activity.
6. Able to predict the consequences of his actions.
7. Has developed reading skills.
Emotional.
1. A sharp change in mood in accordance with his physical condition.
2. Often has a temper. Able to show restraint when he finds it necessary.
3. Gradually begins to gain self-confidence.
4. Has enthusiasm (strong inspiration, uplifting spirit).
5. Has a sense of humor.
6. Tends to stubbornly adhere to his views and assert them everywhere.
Social.
1. Severance of family ties. The desire to be friends with a group of peers grows. Wants to be independent from his family.
2. Wants to become an adult as soon as possible.
3. Sensitive to the opinions of parents and other adults, craves understanding from them.
4. Begins to acquire communication skills.
5. Capable of using extreme means to achieve the approval of his peers.
6. Competitive activities excite me.
7. Girls are friends with their peers, but are usually interested in older boys. Boys at this age may not be interested in girls, but they will all enjoy having special friends of their own gender and age.
8. May be influenced by fashion. Easily addicted to fashion.
The psychological characteristics of adolescence are called the “adolescent complex.” What is it?
Here are its manifestations:
- sensitivity to outsiders’ assessment of one’s appearance
- extreme arrogance and categorical judgments in relation to others
- attentiveness sometimes coexists with amazing callousness, painful shyness with swagger, the desire to be recognized and appreciated by others - with ostentatious independence, the struggle with authorities, generally accepted rules and widespread ideals - with the deification of random idols
The essence of the “adolescent complex” consists of its own behavioral patterns, characteristic of this age and certain psychological characteristics, and specific adolescent behavioral reactions to environmental influences.
The cause of psychological difficulties is associated with puberty; it is uneven development in various directions. This age is characterized by emotional instability and sharp mood swings (from exaltation to depression). The most affective, violent reactions occur when someone around him tries to hurt a teenager’s self-esteem.
The peak of emotional instability occurs in boys at the age of 11-13 years, in girls - 13-15 years.
A teenager's appearance is another source of conflict. The gait, manners, and appearance change. Until recently, a boy who moved freely and easily begins to waddle, putting his hands deep in his pockets and spitting over his shoulder. He has new expressions. The girl begins to jealously compare her clothes and hairstyle with the examples she sees on the street and on magazine covers, splashing out her emotions about the existing discrepancies on her mother.
A teenager's appearance often becomes a source of constant misunderstandings and even conflicts in the family. Parents are not satisfied with either youth fashion or the prices of things that their child needs so much. And a teenager, considering himself a unique person, at the same time strives to be no different from his peers. He may experience the lack of a jacket - the same as everyone else in his company - as a tragedy.
One of the new developments of adolescence is a sense of adulthood.
When they say that a child is growing up, they mean the formation of his readiness for life in the society of adults, and as an equal participant in this life. From the outside, nothing changes for the teenager: he studies in the same school (unless, of course, his parents suddenly transferred him to another), lives in the same family. The family still treats the child as “little.” There is a lot he doesn’t do on his own, a lot of things his parents don’t allow, and he still has to obey them. Parents feed, water, dress their child, and for good (from their point of view) behavior they can even “reward” (again, according to their own understanding - pocket money, a trip to the sea, a trip to the cinema, a new thing). Real adulthood is a long way off - physically, psychologically, and socially, but I want it so bad! He objectively cannot join adult life, but strives for it and claims equal rights with adults. They cannot change anything yet, but outwardly they imitate adults. This is where the attributes of “pseudo-adulthood” appear: smoking cigarettes, hanging out at the entrance, traveling out of town (the outward manifestation of “I also have my own personal life”). Copy any relationship.
Teenagers are characterized by polarity of the psyche:
- Purposefulness, persistence and impulsiveness,
- Instability can be replaced by apathy, lack of aspirations and desires to do anything,
— Increased self-confidence and categorical judgment are quickly replaced by vulnerability and self-doubt;
— The need for communication is replaced by the desire to be alone;
— Cheerfulness in behavior is sometimes combined with shyness;
— Romantic moods often border on cynicism and prudence;
— Tenderness and affection can be found against the backdrop of unchildish cruelty.
A characteristic feature of this age is curiosity, an inquisitive mind, a desire for knowledge and information; a teenager strives to master as much knowledge as possible, but sometimes without paying attention to the fact that knowledge needs to be systematized.
As a rule, teenagers direct their mental activity to the area that fascinates them most. However, interests are unstable. After swimming for a month, the teenager suddenly declares that he is a pacifist, that killing anyone is a terrible sin. And for this reason, he will be carried away with the same passion by computer games.
The following happens internally.
The teenager has his own position. He considers himself old enough and treats himself as an adult.
The desire for everyone (teachers, parents) to treat him as an equal, an adult. But at the same time, he will not be embarrassed by the fact that he demands more rights than he assumes responsibilities. And the teenager does not want to be responsible for anything, except in words.
The desire for independence is expressed in the fact that control and help are rejected. More and more often you hear from a teenager: “I know everything myself!” (This is so reminiscent of a child’s “I myself!”). And parents will just have to come to terms with it and try to teach their children to be responsible for their actions. This will be useful to them throughout life. Unfortunately, such “independence” is another of the main conflicts between parents and children at this age. Own tastes and views, assessments, and lines of behavior appear. The most striking thing is the emergence of an addiction to a certain type of music.
The leading activity at this age is communication. By communicating, first of all, with his peers, a teenager receives the necessary knowledge about life.
Recommendations:
A teenager needs a special type of adult with whom he can communicate, who will understand him even when the teenager himself does not understand himself, who will love him and show tolerance even when it seems that no one else loves him. Try to resort to their help more often, to involve them in work. Give your teenager more food for thought!
Encourage creative activity, show the need for his help! Learn to be responsible honestly for your actions, learn to admit the lies in yourself!
It is important not to dampen your teenager’s enthusiasm! Be careful that your sense of humor does not develop into mocking ridicule and offensive jokes - do not allow these to happen to yourself! Try to teach your children to be responsible for their actions.
Adolescence materials for parent meetings. - presentation
Adolescence materials for parent meetings
As people get older, their system of values and interests changes. What was valuable is depreciated, new idols appear, the teenager stops directly copying adults, the nature of relationships with adults and parents are often of a protest nature. At this age, “infection” with fanaticism is very likely because teenagers are drawn to everything unusual and often get carried away by informal trends.
Externally, the crisis of adolescence manifests itself in rudeness, secrecy and deliberate behavior, the desire to act contrary to the demands and wishes of adults, ignoring comments, and withdrawing from the usual sphere of communication.
The most important issue of adolescence is puberty. Rapid, uneven growth begins, as a result of which the teenager becomes disproportionate and clumsy. Often, eighth-graders develop dysmorphophobia (aversion to their body and appearance), then they exhaust themselves with diets, exercise, and simply suffer and withdraw into themselves.
The self-esteem of adolescents is contradictory and insufficiently holistic, so many unmotivated actions may arise in their behavior.
A teenager often has an unreasonable feeling of anxiety; at this time he is very vulnerable, conflictual, and can become depressed. Studying takes a back seat at this time!
The characteristics of eighth-graders are manifested in a disdainful attitude towards learning, poor academic performance, and bravado of failure to fulfill duties.
The vast majority of these teenagers do not have any individual hobbies, they do not participate in sections and clubs, they do not attend exhibitions and theaters. Many teenagers find themselves faced with a lot of “extra time,” but they are characterized by an inability to spend their leisure time meaningfully.
Throughout adolescence, there is a clearly defined dynamics of aggressiveness.
Eighth-graders are especially dependent on the microenvironment and specific situation. One of the defining elements of the microenvironment in the relationships that shape personality is the family. At the same time, what is decisive is not its composition - complete, incomplete, disintegrated - but the moral atmosphere, the relationships that develop between adult family members, between adults and children.
But even in prosperous families, many problems of a psychological nature can be identified that lead to a crisis of adolescence.
1) Overprotection of various degrees: from the desire to be an accomplice in all manifestations of the inner life of children (his feelings, behavior) to family tyranny. 2) “Idol of the family” - constant attention to any motive of the child and excessive praise for very modest successes. 3) Parents pay a lot of attention to themselves and little to their children.
How to communicate with eighth graders during this period? To form a circle of interests of eighth-graders based on their character traits and abilities; Minimize the period of free time;
Reduce manifestations of aggression by attending sports schools, daily gymnastics at home using dumbbells and expanders, iron weights and boxing gloves (let teenagers beat each other in a peaceful fight, giving an outlet to the accumulated energy, so that aggression does not accumulate like static electricity, which tends to explode in painful discharges );
Do not make excessive demands on a teenager that are not confirmed by the ability of an eighth-grader; Honestly point out to the teenager his successes and failures (and attribute successes to his abilities, and failures to insufficient preparation); Do not praise a teenager, explaining his failures as an accident, because this creates the effect of inadequacy in eighth-graders.
Recommendations: Analyze with your children the reasons for their successes and failures Try not to shield the teenager from difficulties Teach them to overcome them Compare your child only with himself!!!, be sure to note progress forward Tell your child about your problems, what worried you when you were on your own were at his age. Always lead by example. Never forbid a teenager from relationships with the opposite sex, do not stop conversations about the relationship between boys and girls in order to avoid mistrust between you. Get to know your child's friends, ask them to inform you about ways to spend time
Adolescence crisis External changes Physiological changes Changes in character Sudden mood swings Changes in behavior Dissatisfaction with something in one’s appearance or character Increased interest in the opposite sex, first love Nervousness, anxiety, irritability State of depression, neurosis, the appearance of obsessive fears
Memo to parents from a child Don’t spoil me Don’t be afraid to be firm with me Don’t rely on force Don’t make promises you can’t keep Don’t make me feel younger Don’t correct me in front of strangers Don’t try to lecture me Don’t forget that I love experiment Do not forget that I cannot develop successfully without attention and approval And, besides, I love you so much, please answer me the same...
Thank you for your attention!
