Project for the senior group in kindergarten on the topic: Christmas
Project (senior preschool age) “We glorify the Nativity of Christ”
Author: Nutskova Inna Alekseevna, teacher at MDOU combined kindergarten No. 131, Komsomolsk-on-Amur Description of the material: Project (senior preschool age). Deadlines: December 21-31 (mid-term). Project type: information-practice-oriented. Holiday traditions: Family traditions. (children collect information and implement it - designing a group and a Christmas tree). Composition: group with the participation of parents. Project participants: teachers, parents, children Project “We glorify the Nativity of Christ” The sun shone in the manger in the hay - The Son of God was born for the salvation of the world We will sing: Glory to God! Glory ! Glory to Christmas! (Carol) Relevance: The connection between times and generations cannot be broken. In order not to disappear, not to dissolve in the irresistible Universe, the soul of the Russian people, just like in the old days, our children must be participants in the traditional Orthodox holidays in Rus', just like in the old days, rejoice at Christmas and Christmastide, sing songs, dance in circles, play their favorite games. people of the game. This has always been the case, even in very distant times, when our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers gathered for noisy conversations and gatherings, when, dressed as mummers, they went around the courtyards to praise the Savior, glorified the owners, wishing them good health and plentiful bread, when they organized merry games and amusements . For a family to become strong and friendly, it needs good traditions, which can become the traditions of our ancestors, associated with the main Orthodox holidays, the agricultural folk calendar, and the customs of the Russian people. Goal: To stimulate interest in the history and culture of our Motherland. Objectives: • Expand the ideas of project participants about the Orthodox holiday of the Nativity of Christ; about the history, traditions and customs of preparing for the holiday and celebrating it. • Develop children's skills in productive activities, the desire to learn Russian folk traditions and feel involved in them. Enrich children's experiences through different forms of work. Cultivate a reverent attitude towards Orthodox holidays and traditions. Expected results: • The emergence of interest in Orthodox holidays and Biblical history among children and adults. • Introducing project participants to Russian traditions, expanding children's horizons, and activating creative abilities. • Combining the efforts of all project participants to implement the project's objectives. Distribution of responsibilities: • educators: selection of reproductions, illustrations, fiction, conversation topics • parents: participate in collecting information “Traditions of our family”, making Christmas toys with children • children: participate in collecting information and in the competition for making a Christmas toy for Grandfather’s prizes Frost, conversations, listening and viewing, group design and Christmas tree decoration Stages of project implementation. 1. Organizational: - Definition of the problem - Selection and accumulation of material; — Collection and analysis of literature; • Inclusion of classes, games and other types of children's activities in the project plan; • Development of a project implementation plan; • Assigning homework to complete independently; 2. Main: • Help the child choose the most relevant and feasible task for him at a given stage of time (obtaining information, searching and collecting objects) • Developing an action plan to achieve the goal: who to turn to for help, what sources to find, what objects to use . • Interaction with parents aimed at implementing the project 3. Final: Presentation of the project • Decorating the group and decorating the Christmas tree with homemade toys • Entertainment “Let’s glorify the Nativity of Christ” • Exhibition of family creative works
Download Project “We glorify the Nativity of Christ”
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Chapter 1. From the history of Christmas celebrations.
- How did the holiday of the Nativity of Christ appear?
The history of the holiday of the Nativity of Christ, briefly for children in church books, is usually described something like this: “Emperor Octavian Augustus ordered a census of the population on all the land under his control. And for convenience, he indicated that all residents should return to their hometowns. Joseph was from the family of David, so he and his wife Mary went to Bethlehem. There was very little time left before Mary gave birth, but only in the evening of the fifth day did they reach the place. Both were exhausted from the difficult journey, but they were unable to find a suitable place to stay for the night, because a lot of people arrived in Bethlehem for the census. All the inns were already overcrowded, and prices for overnight accommodation had risen so much that the poor carpenter could not afford it. As a result of a long search, the Holy Family found shelter in a cave near Bethlehem, into which shepherds herded cattle to protect themselves from the weather. Here, in the cave, the holy night came, on which the Savior was born. Maria swaddled him and, for lack of a cradle, was forced to put her son in a manger filled with hay for feeding animals. The divine baby was warmed on both sides by an ox and a donkey. The shepherds were the first to know about the great event of the birth of the son of God. The darkness of the night was suddenly dispersed by a wondrous light, a shining angel appeared to the shepherds, who announced to them the coming of the Messiah. The shepherds saw that a bright light was breaking through from one of the caves. They entered this cave, where they found Joseph, Mary and the baby lying in the manger.” The story of the holiday that tells about Christmas briefly emphasizes that even though the shepherds were illiterate, they immediately believed that they had witnessed the birth of not just a simple child, but the Son of God, and the light of the Star of Bethlehem did not allow them to doubt it. The wise men who lived far to the east also came to worship the Child. They were able to foresee this event, and when they saw a guiding star in the sky, they immediately set off on their journey. The biblical stories of Christmas say that the wise men had to go through several countries, but they appeared before the Messiah not empty-handed, but with gifts not just for the baby, but for the King: gold, myrrh and incense. The King of Judea, Herod the Great, also became aware of the prophets’ prediction of the emergence of a new king, and he was afraid of losing his power. It was rumored that he even resorted to a trick, turning to the wise men and asking them to indicate the place where the Messiah was born in order to go there and worship him. But the wise men became aware of Herod’s evil plan, so they kept the birthplace of Jesus a secret from the king. Further, the short history of Christmas is darkened, because Herod took a different path - he ordered the killing of all babies who were no more than two years old. As a result, over 14,000 children died, however, Jesus miraculously managed to survive - an angel appeared to Joseph, telling him that he needed to go to Egypt. The Holy Family went there, where they soon awaited the death of the formidable king. We learned about the history of the holiday from the children's Bible, and in order to become even more imbued with this event, we watched the scientific educational cartoon “The Birth of Christ” and “The Nativity of Jesus.” Based on the results of studying the history of this holiday, we created a collage “Christmas”, which at the International competition for the education of citizenship and patriotism “Where does the Motherland begin?” took 1st place.
Fig.1 Collage “Christmas”
- Christmas in Rus'.
Speaking about the history of celebrating Christmas in Rus', it is necessary, first of all, to note that it begins at 10. Christmas merged with the ancient Slavic winter holiday in honor of ancestral spirits (Christmastide). Therefore, the “Yuletide” rituals have been preserved in the Christmas holiday. Believers prepared for the celebration of Christmas by fasting for forty days. Fasting prescribed abstinence not only from modest food, but also from bad deeds. At this time, weddings were not held, holidays, which were accompanied by fun and revelry, were not celebrated. The day before Christmas is called Christmas Eve. In peasant life, by Christmas Eve, housewives cleaned huts and upper rooms: washed, whitewashed their homes, and also prepared food and baked goods. We tried to go to the bathhouse before dark and celebrate the holiday in new clothes. On Christmas Eve, people were supposed not to eat any food all day until dusk, that is, until the first star appeared. At sunset, the owner and all the household members stood for prayer. After the end of the prayer, dinner began - supper. At the end of the evening they sang carols. Kolyada consisted of the fact that village youth - boys and girls - gathered in large groups, painted their faces, turned their clothes inside out, put Kolyada - a doll or a girl dressed over a fur coat in a white shirt - on a sleigh, and sang ritual songs. Children walked around the village with a star made of a splinter and paper and sang carols under the windows (or when entering the house) - songs in which they praised and honored the owners, receiving gifts from them: candy, pastries, money.
On Christmas night, they opened the door wide and invited any passerby who walked past to a festive feast, even if it turned out to be a homeless beggar. According to ancient belief, it was believed that Christ himself could be hidden in his image.
We learned how Christmastide was celebrated in Rus' by watching the scientific and educational video “When and how to celebrate Christmastide in Rus': Traditions, customs, fortune-telling...” and “Traditions of celebrating Christmas.” We also found information in other sources, which we compiled into messages and then presented to our classmates.
With the first sound of the morning bell, everyone hurried to the church for the festive service. As soon as they arrived home, after attending the solemn holiday church service, they served food to the table. There were 13 dishes on the Christmas table: salads, fish appetizers, red borscht, hare in a pot, porridge in pumpkin, pies, rolls, gingerbread. The number of those taking the festive meal had to be even. If the number was odd, an extra device was installed.
Since the 18th century, Christmas has become inextricably linked with gifts, Christmas trees, joyful anticipation of a miracle, and a festive family feast. In Russia, the tradition of the New Year tree begins during the reign of Peter I. It is interesting that the tree initially came to the country as a New Year’s, and not a Christmas attribute. Peter I ordered to decorate his houses with pine, spruce and juniper branches. By the end of the 19th century, Christmas trees became the main decoration of both city and country houses, and in the 20th century they were inseparable from winter holidays. But the history of the Christmas tree in Russia was by no means cloudless. During hostilities with Germany, the Christmas tree was banned as an enemy, German idea. At the beginning of the 20th century, religion was banned, temples were destroyed and plundered. Nothing should have reminded of the great Christian holiday. But on the eve of the Second World War, the custom of decorating the Christmas tree returned again. True, for the majority of non-believing Soviet people, the tree returned not as a Christmas tree, but as a New Year's tree. And the stars at the top became five-pointed in the Soviet style.
In the 19th century, the first greeting cards appeared; this tradition came from England. As time passed, attitudes towards religion changed. And now Christmas is the only religious holiday that has become a state holiday in Russia.
1.3. Christmas in England.
The word "Christmas" comes from the Old English Mass of Christ - Mass of Christ. Christmas is celebrated on the night of December 24-25. The official opening of the Christmas season is the pre-Christmas fast, which begins 4 weeks before Christmas. Preparations for the holiday begin. All the windows of English houses were lit with candles, so in England the night before Christmas was called “the night of candles.”
The English were the first to decorate their homes with ivy and mistletoe. This custom is very ancient and existed in pagan times. Plants were supposed to cleanse the house of evil spirits and remind them that spring is just around the corner.
There were also Christmas dishes. In England, since the 18th century, the main place on the table was occupied by roasted or stuffed turkey. They also served goose pate, ham and, of course, Christmas pudding. Traditionally, in the Christmas pudding one could find: a ring - for a wedding, a button - for continued bachelorhood, a bird bone - for good luck and travel, a silver sixpence - a symbol of wealth and good fortune. Each family member had to participate in the process of kneading the pudding by making a wish. At the beginning of the 20th century, Christmas pudding was hailed as a symbol of England.
The tradition of burning a Christmas log arose many years before the appearance of the Christmas tree. Such a log was prepared a year before the holiday. They chose a large tree in the forest, cut it down, removed the branches and left it there all year. At Christmas, only the head of the family had the right to bring a log cut from this tree into the house. Now it was necessary to treat him very carefully and attentively. The log was watered with wine, honey, and sprinkled with grain. Then they threw it into the hearth and set it on fire. The wood had to burn for 12 nights and days. It was believed that the resulting ash had magical properties - it protected against evil spirits and treated diseases. They wore it in bags around their necks and scattered it around their home. Today in England such a log has been replaced by a thick candle. The more sparks the head of the family sees from her, the happier the year will be.
Another Christmas tradition was family church attendance. Nativity scenes were built based on Christmas motifs to give people a more vivid impression of biblical stories.
Another Christmas tradition that has become comprehensive is to give gifts to all relatives and friends, originating from the gifts that the Magi brought. That is why gifts are most often prepared for children. And the kind and red-cheeked Santa Claus, a grandfather with a white beard, in a red high hat and a fur coat of the same color, delivers them to the kids. On Christmas Eve, children hang stockings or socks over the fireplace, and in return they always leave pie, milk, cookies for the “Christmas grandfather”, and carrots for the reindeer from his team. Otherwise, you won’t see any gifts! Since the 19th century, it has become a custom to exchange greeting cards.
Christmas traditions in England have appeared over the years. For example, the first Christmas tree was installed as a symbol of the holiday here back in the 30s of the 19th century. And this custom gained real popularity ten years later, when Prince Albert and Queen Victoria presented a luxurious Christmas tree as a gift to children. Today it is installed in almost every home. By the way, there is a very interesting sign here - exactly 12 days after Christmas, all toys, garlands, and decorations should be hidden until the next holidays, otherwise the year promises complete failure.
Caroling is an important part of Christmas. The Christmas song first appeared in the fifteenth century. According to tradition, in the evening, children came to the front doors and began to sing; people living in these houses, in order to thank them for singing, gave sweets to the children. "We wish you a merry Christmas" - This popular Christmas carol has been known in England since the 16th century.
Summing up this chapter, we came to the following conclusions. Christmas traditions and customs in Rus' and England have similarities. The history of the holiday is the same - it is a biblical story about the birth of the son of God - Jesus Christ. In both countries there is a fast preceding the holiday, compulsory attendance at a church service, a festive table, receiving guests, and costumed festivities. But there are some differences: they decorate the windows of rural houses with candles, display nativity scenes, and exchange greeting cards only in England.
Rice. Our crafts are Christmas angels.
