Presentation on literary reading grade 4 on the topic “Biography of M.Yu. Lermontov”
- Born on the night of 2 to 3.10. 1814, Moscow (in the house of Major General F.N. Tolya opposite the Red Gate) - Russian poet. On his mother's side he came from a wealthy noble family of the Stolypins. Mother Maria Mikhailovna Arsenyeva (1795-1817). The poet’s grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna (Arsenyev’s husband) is D.A.’s sister. Stolypin, whose grandson is Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers P.A. Stolypin was the second cousin of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
Childhood
The successor and heir to Pushkin's traditions of Russian literature was born in Moscow. He spent his childhood in Tarkhany, his grandmother’s estate in the Penza province. The early death of the mother and the quarrel between the father and E.A. Arsenyeva had a serious impact on the formation of the poet’s personality.
- Maternal line
- M. Lermontov came from a well-known and wealthy noble family of the Stolypins in Russia.
Portrait of Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova
In the male line, the Lermontov family (the poet's father is Yuri Petrovich Lermontov, a retired captain from the poor landowners of Tula Gubernia) originates from Georg Lermont (Scotland).
While in the service of the Polish king, in 1613 Lermont went over to the side of the Russians, fought with the rank of officer in the detachment of D. Pozharsky, and in 1621 for good service to the king received a charter to own land in Galichsky district. Kostroma province From him came the Lermontovs, who already in the second generation accepted Orthodoxy.
The poet’s grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna (by Arsenyev’s husband) is his sister
D. A. Stolypin, whose grandson is Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers
P. A. Stolypin was the second cousin of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
In the portrait we see a six to eight year old boy with brown, smoothly combed hair and an intelligent, focused look.
Lermontov's poetic talent was discovered early, at the age of 14. In Tarkhany, the poet learned and fell in love with the beauty of his native nature, Russian songs, legends, and epics.
In the works of Mikhail Lermontov, the theme of the Caucasus, its nature, customs and characters of local residents is constantly present. The Caucasus first struck the boy as a child. In addition, in the Caucasus, Lermontov first felt the feeling of falling in love. First love, merging with deep impressions from the Caucasus, left indelible impressions in Lermontov’s soul, which were reflected in his literary work.
Early creativity
Without seriously thinking about the literary field, the poet keeps a lyrical diary. The hobbies he experienced became material for Lermontov’s early creativity. The lyrical diary of a young man is the origin of a feeling that the poet himself does not yet dare to call love.
In Tarkhany, Lermontov received his home education. A separate room was allocated for classes - a classroom.
Monument
to Lermontov in Tarkhany
Varvara Lopukhina
Varvara Aleksandrovna Lopukhina, Varenka, the younger sister of Alexei’s friend, is one of M.Yu. Lermontov’s deepest heartfelt affections. The poet met her in 1831. in the Lopukhin family close to him.
Poet of a generation
Fame came to Lermontov overnight with the poem “The Death of a Poet” (1837), a response to Pushkin’s last duel.
Borodino
In the same year, the poet published the brilliant poem “Borodino” - this is a poem about an immortal national feat. And at the same time, this is a word of sadness and longing for irrevocable heroic days. The poem depicts the very thick of the battle and shows military labor. The historical significance of “Borodino” lies in the fact that in this work the poet affirms the idea of the people as the main figure in world history.
Unexpected ending
Returning to the Caucasus in 1841, Lermontov stayed in Pyatigorsk for treatment in mineral waters. An accidental quarrel with a fellow student at the cadet school N. S. Martynov leads to a sad duel and the death of the poet.
Duel
- In February 1840, at a ball at the Countess de Laval, a duel took place with E. de Barant, the son of the French ambassador, for which Lermontov was court-martialed and again exiled to the Caucasus to the Tengin infantry regiment. As a participant in the difficult battle of the Valerik River in Chechnya, he was twice nominated for awards (one of them was a golden saber with the inscription “For bravery”), but the tsar, not wanting to ease the poet’s fate, rejected these submissions. In February 1841, Lermontov was allowed a short vacation to the capital to meet with his grandmother E.A. Arsenyeva, but soon, full of gloomy forebodings, he was forced to go back to the regiment. In the last months of his life, Lermontov created his best poems - “Motherland”, “Cliff”, “Dispute”, “Leaf”, “No, it’s not you I love so passionately...”. The poet's last work is “The Prophet”. On the way to the regiment M.Yu. Lermontov stayed for treatment in Pyatigorsk. A large company of cheerful young people lived here - all old acquaintances of Lermontov. The public lived amicably, cheerfully and somewhat riotously... Time passed in noisy picnics, cavalcades, parties with music and dancing. In this company was retired Major Martynov, who loved to be original, show off, and attract attention. Lermontov often made fun of him angrily and caustically. A fatal quarrel occurred between them, ending in an “ever sad” duel. The poet fell victim to his duality. Gentle and responsive to a small circle of select people, he always behaved arrogantly and perkily towards all other acquaintances. The narrow-minded Martynov belonged to the latter and did not understand “in this bloody moment what he was raising his hand to.” Regarding this tragic death of V.G. Belinsky wrote: “... A new, great loss has orphaned poor Russian literature.”
- Lermontov's funeral, despite all the efforts of his friends, could not be performed according to church rites. The official announcement of his death read: “On the 15th of June, at about 5 o'clock in the evening, a terrible storm broke out with thunder and lightning; at this very time, between the mountains Mashuk and Beshtau, M.Yu., who was being treated in Pyatigorsk, died. Lermontov". According to Prince Vasilchikov, in St. Petersburg, in high society, the poet’s death was greeted with the words: “that’s where he belongs.”
- Mikhail Lermontov was buried in the city cemetery in Pyatigorsk on July 17 (29), 1841. Later, the coffin with the body of M.Yu. Lermontov was transported to the village of Tarkhany and on April 23, 1842 he was buried in the Arsenyev family crypt. In 1899, a monument to Lermontov was opened in Pyatigorsk, erected by all-Russian subscription.
From the memories of contemporaries...
In essence, he was, if you like, a good fellow: to have fun, to have fun - in all this he did not lag behind his comrades; but he did not have the slightest good nature, and he certainly needed a victim - without this he could not be at peace - and, having chosen her, he mercilessly pursued her. He certainly had to end up so tragically: if not Martynov, someone else would have killed him.”
From the notes of V. Belinsky
“I went up to him and was embarrassed, as usual. I think to myself: why did the difficult woman bring me to him?.. But our conversation somehow unexpectedly began... I looked at him and did not believe either my eyes or my ears. His face took on a natural expression, he was himself at that moment... There was so much truth, depth and simplicity in his words!
For the first time I saw the real Lermontov, as I had always wanted to see him. My God! How much aesthetic sense this man has! What a tender and subtle poetic soul he has!..
But he's an eccentric! He, I think, repents that he allowed himself to be himself even for a minute - I’m sure of it...”
Monument at the site of Lermontov's duel
The duel took place between Lermontov and Martynov on July 15, 1841, between six and seven o'clock in the evening. In view of the thunderclouds rapidly approaching from behind the mountains, the seconds hurried to choose a small clearing near the road as the site of the fight.
The first monument to M. Yu. Lermontov in Russia is located in Pyatigorsk. Opened on August 16, 1889 thanks to public donations. The bronze statue was cast in St. Petersburg, and the granite for the pedestal was brought from Crimea.
The Arsenyev family chapel, where M.Yu. Lermontov is buried
Childhood and education of M.Yu. Lermontov
Mikhail Lermontov was born on October 3 (15), 1814 in the family of an officer, and was raised by his grandmother. Lermontov spent almost his entire childhood at her estate in Tarkhany. After home education in the biography of M.Yu. Lermontov, he began studying at a university boarding school in Moscow (1828-1830 ). The poet's first poems were written there. Then in Lermontov's life he studied at Moscow University (1830-1832). At this time, Lermontov was very interested in the works of Friedrich Schiller and William Shakespeare and George Byron. After studying at the university, Lermontov spent two years at the school of guard ensigns in St. Petersburg.
