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Homework for physical education.

Authors: Khudanova M.M. Polekhina E.A.

physical education teachers

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 32

Engels, Saratov region.

2010-2011 academic year year Contents

To maintain and develop the level of one’s physical fitness and provide the necessary minimum of physical activity, physical education lessons as part of the educational process are not enough.

Homework in physical education can significantly increase the level of motor activity and help develop basic physical qualities.

By doing homework, students become involved in systematic physical education. By trying to do their homework well, they learn to work conscientiously, improve their motor skills and abilities, and develop the necessary physical qualities.

My own experience as a physical education teacher allows me to assert that homework in physical education, especially in elementary school, instills interest in the subject “physical education”, helps to increase physical fitness and foster independence and responsibility.
The issue of homework in physical education is problematic, since it is very poorly reflected in the pedagogical literature, and homework in physical education is characteristically different from homework in other general education subjects. The problems of organizing independent studies in primary school are not addressed in physical education programs. There is a lack of successful development of theoretical foundations and a practical approach to organizing independent educational motor activity of primary school students, a scientifically based system of homework in physical education.

Meanwhile, homework in physical education can not only develop the physical qualities of students, but also reduce the mental overload of children. The main purpose of homework in physical education

–

preparing students to fulfill the requirements of the physical education program, developing motor skills and introducing students to systematic physical exercise.
Problems
that can be solved with homework:

1

1) increasing the physical activity of students;

2) development of basic physical qualities;

3) prevention of postural disorders;

4) preparation to fulfill the requirements of the physical education program;

5).developing the simplest techniques for self-control in children over their body’s reaction to stress.

By doing homework, you can also solve such health problems as prevention and correction of students’ posture, and developing personal hygiene skills. Content

homework.

Homework consists of exercises aimed at developing basic motor skills. They can also include the simplest elements of movement technique, simulation exercises, exercises performed systematically, and one-time tasks that lead to exercises. These can be developmental exercises, exercises for developing strong walking and running skills.

Homework can be both theoretical and practical.

As a form of homework, independent motor activity of children is encouraged, which consists in the fact that they themselves choose the type of activity (riding a bicycle, outdoor activities, playing with friends, etc.).
Guidelines.
Homework should be harmoniously connected with the work in the lesson and should be given after they have been mastered. It is necessary that the teacher clearly demonstrate the technique of performing the exercise and give a strict load. Assignments are given at home, according to the topic of the material covered.

2

It is not recommended to give tasks to perform complex exercises that require conditions and insurance.

Exercises that require long, repeated repetition are performed at home. Homework may include daily performance, under the supervision of parents, of those sets of exercises that were learned at school.

Homework can be either general for everyone or individual if there is a lag in any section or topic.

When doing homework assignments, the teacher needs to orient students to the obligatory observance of sanitary and hygienic conditions for their completion, and pay great attention to ensuring their safety while performing exercises (preparedness of the place - absence of unnecessary objects, etc.).

The time spent on homework should not exceed 15-20 minutes.

For homework to be effective, it is necessary to complete it systematically. The teacher must exercise control over their implementation. Such control is carried out primarily in the classroom. It may consist of checking the correctness of the exercises, monitoring physical development, and also performing the technique of a certain exercise.

Control over the completion of homework is carried out in a current, frontal way. The correctness of the exercises is checked, the increase in indicators of the level of physical fitness is assessed.

At the same time, the teacher should also direct parents to the need to monitor, stimulate and encourage children to perform given exercises.

Monitoring the completion of homework is carried out by questioning, conducting regular testing (the names of the winners for each test are placed on the “Champion” board), and assessing the correctness of performing given exercises, which are demonstrated by students.
Rules
for organizing independent physical education classes.

1. Exercises should be easy to coordinate and accessible to students.

2. Select exercises whose quantitative results, when performed systematically, increase after a certain time.

3. Based on the time it takes to complete tasks, they are divided into short-term and long-term.

4. Assignments are given individually and in groups.

5. Tasks become more difficult over time.

6. The task corresponds to individual characteristics. Conclusion

A primary school student cares little about how his exercises today will affect his well-being and condition tomorrow. For him, the main thing is to receive immediate satisfaction of his needs. Therefore, in elementary school, the emotional content of exercises and their figurative explanation are of great importance. For elementary school, types of classes are provided that contain only elements of independence. For example, homework: the teacher gives precise instructions on how to complete the exercise, and the student remains to follow these recommendations and complete assignments at home (repetition of exercises is an element of independence).

So, in order to prepare students for independent physical exercises, it is necessary to give them a fairly wide range of knowledge, to develop skills and abilities, not limited to the content of the educational material of the program. First of all, students must master the motor skills that they will use during independent study.

From the very first lessons, it is necessary to require students to comply with the dosage of time and load.
Homework for physical education. 2nd grade

3rd grade

4th grade

Conclusion.
Expanding physical education and sports work, improving its organization at the place of study is one of the pressing problems of physical education at school.
Of great importance here is the formation in schoolchildren of the desire for independent physical self-improvement. It is necessary to organize daily physical education classes for all students in class and outside of class hours. The solution to this problem largely depends on the ability of students to use physical education to improve their health, maintain high performance, and independent study skills. Physical culture, being part of general culture, largely determines a person’s behavior in school, in everyday life, in communication, and contributes to solving socio-economic, educational and health problems.

Warm-up in physical education lessons and its importance.

Warm-up and its meaning.

Warm-up

Doing a warm-up can protect you from injury and is an important part of your workout.

Exercises that will generally prepare your body for training and specifically warm up the muscles that you plan to work in each individual session.

Warm-up

THE WARM-UP IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PART – GENERAL WARMING AND SPECIAL.

THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL PART CONSISTS OF WALKING (2-3 MIN.), SLOW RUN 4-6 MIN. AND GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL GYMNASTIC EXERCISES FOR ALL MUSCLE GROUPS.

Special warm-up

• The special part of the warm-up aims to prepare certain muscle groups and the osseous-ligamentous apparatus for the main part of the class and to ensure the neuro-coordination and psychological adjustment of the body for the upcoming exercises in the main part of the class. In the special part of the warm-up, individual elements of basic physical exercises, imitation, special preparatory exercises, and performing the main exercise in parts and as a whole are performed. This takes into account the pace and rhythm of the work ahead.

Where to start?

• It is recommended to warm up, starting with the small muscle groups of the arms and shoulder girdle, then moving on to the larger muscles of the torso and finishing with exercises for the legs.

Warm-up sequence

• Each exercise consists of fairly simple movements that should be performed several times in a row before stopping in the approach. The warm-up portion of your session should take 3 to 4 minutes.

Warm up the neck muscles

Head turns

Body position - basic stance.
Turn your head from side to side several times, trying to turn it as far as possible. Head tilts
Basic stance. Smoothly tilt your head forward, then return it to an upright position. Don't shrug your shoulders.

Warm up the muscles of the shoulder girdle and arms

• Shoulder rotation
  Basic stance.
  Rotate your shoulders up, back and down, forward several times. Then change direction. Shrugs (shrug)
  Basic stance.
  Raise your shoulders as high as possible while inhaling, then exhale sharply, lowering your shoulders just as sharply. Swing your arms
  Basic stance. Swing your arms, starting above your head and moving them down to the sides and crossing them in front of your chest. Then swing your arms up and continue.

Warm up the chest and back muscles

• Raise your arms forward
  Basic stance.
  Bring your hands together in front of you. Inhale deeply as you raise your arms above your head and exhale as you return to the starting position. Raise your arms back
  Basic stance.
  Connect your hands below your back. Inhale, raising them as high and back as possible, exhale, returning to the starting position. Do not lean forward under any circumstances. Standing raises
  Basic stance. Start by straightening your arms in front of you at chest level. Extend your arms as far back as possible, squeezing your shoulder blades together and inhaling. As you exhale, return your arms to the starting position, round your back and shoulders forward, spreading your shoulder blades to the sides.

Warm up the torso muscles

• Twisting
  Main stance.
  Keeping your arms out to the sides, rotate your torso from side to side as quickly as possible, keeping your pelvic girdle motionless. At the same time, try to spread your hands back further. Twisting with Bent Arms
  Bend your elbows and grab your shoulders with the fingers of each hand.
  Rotate your torso from side to side. Side bends
  Main stance.
  Bring your hands together behind your head and bend from side to side. Keep your pelvis motionless. Torso Rotation
  Basic stance, except with the feet slightly pointed outward rather than parallel.
  Hands on hips. Keeping your pelvic girdle still, first lean forward, bending at the waist. Then return to the starting position (stand). Then do the same in turn to the right, back, left. Repeat 3 times, then change the direction of movement. Bent-over Torso Twist Caution:
  If you have any problems with your lower spine, avoid this exercise. Spread your feet wide, bend your knees slightly and lean forward, bending at the waist so that your torso is parallel to the floor. Bring your hands together behind your head. Bring your left elbow to your right knee, then your right elbow to your left knee. As when doing a warm-up, repeat several times. Be careful not to round your back. It is allowed to twist the pelvic girdle from side to side.

Warm-up the muscles of the lower back (lower back)

• Forward Bends: Caution: If you are concerned about any complications in your lower spine, avoid this exercise. Main stand. Place your chin on your chest and bend literally along the vertebrae, bending as low as possible, then straighten up in the same way. Next, without changing the position of your feet, turn your torso to the left and repeat the tilt, then turn to the right and bend. Be careful not to strain the muscles of the shoulder girdle when straightening after bending the torso. All core exercises are also very good for warming up the lower back muscles.

Warm up the leg muscles

• Straightening your legs forward while standing
  Using your right hand to maintain balance, place your left hand on your waist. Straighten your left leg forward, lifting it as high as possible. Then bend your left leg at the knee and do the bending and straightening several times. Repeat the procedure with your right leg, now using your left hand to maintain balance. Do not relax the knee joint of the supporting leg.

Warm-up the muscles of the pelvic girdle

Mahi

Maintain your balance with your right hand.
Swing your left leg forward and backward, repeating this several times; then do the same from right to left. Switch legs and repeat. Side lunges
Hands on the waist, feet parallel, wide stance. Take a deep lunge to one side, then to the other, without lifting your feet off the floor or moving them. Don't lean your torso forward.

Warm up the ankle and calf muscles

Rotation of feet

Holding onto something with your hand to maintain balance, lift your leg off the floor and rotate your free foot, first in one direction, then in the other, doing this several times with each leg.
Calf Raise
Rise onto the toes of both feet, maintaining your balance while holding on to some stable support. Lower and lift your heels, keeping your feet parallel. Repeat with toes turned outwards, then with toes turned inwards.

Healthy running

• Running leads to the restructuring of bones, which leads to a reduction in injuries in a person in everyday life.
• Running makes all the main muscle groups of the body work and compensates for missing energy costs, which leads to weight loss and a beautiful figure.
• Running strengthens the circulatory system, which is excellent for preventing heart disease.

Healthy running

• Running also changes the oxygen and biochemical composition of the blood, which leads to the absence of oxygen starvation and a reduced risk of cancer.
• Running stimulates your metabolism.
• Running stimulates the release of special substances that lift your mood and improve the functioning of your nervous system.
• Running has a positive effect and normalizes the functioning of the digestive system.
• Running relieves headaches, relieves insomnia, steadily lowers blood pressure, slows down the aging process in the body, eliminates frequent colds, increases endurance and performance.

Self-control when running

• When running, you should definitely breathe through your nose. If you start breathing through your mouth while running, then the load is excessive and you should reduce the intensity of the activity.
• It is optimal to run with a heart rate of 120 to 150 beats per minute. Below or above these limits, classes will not give any effect or even cause harm.
• After running, your heart rate returned to its original state in about 5-10 minutes. A slower heart rate recovery will tell you that the load is excessive.

How to breathe correctly while running?

Thank you for your attention!