Interdisciplinary lesson on the module “Economics”, grade 10 Topic “Modern company. Product of the company." lesson plan on economics (grade 10)

Lesson notes on economics for grade 10 on the topic: “What does economics study? Needs and resources."

Economics lesson 10th grade on the topic: “What does economics study? Needs and resources."

Lesson Objectives:

— consideration of issues in the study of economic science;

- consideration of the levels of economic relations - macro - and microeconomics

– study of the concepts of “needs” and resources”, their relationship

- study of the economic concepts “free goods” and “economic goods”, their similarities and differences.

Equipment:

- textbook Kireev A. “Economics. Advanced level. 10-11 grade."

- multimedia presentation.

During the classes:

1. Motivational stage.

Look at the screen. Unscramble the word I wrote for you.

Oikos + Nomos

Rice. House fig. law

This word is economics. Look at the illustrations and tell me what this word means in its original version?

This word consists of two words - oikos - house and nomos - law. Literally translated, the word economics means the laws of housekeeping or the science of housekeeping. In a broader sense, economics is the science of economy and management, as well as relationships between people in the process of carrying out economic activities.

But this is a unique word. How is it unique? Do you know who coined the word table? The word hand? The word pen? And we know where the word economics came from and who invented it. It is of Greek origin, who invented it? Greek thinker Xenophon.

1. Learning new material.

   What does economics study?

In Russian, the word economy has two meanings - economics as the economy of the country and economics as a science - economic theory.

Economy

Economy of the country Science (Economic theory)

Prove to me that economics is a science. Let's remember, is there some problem, a global problem that economics is trying to solve?

Of course, the main problem with economics is that our needs are unlimited, and the resources that need to be spent to satisfy these needs are limited. Economics is trying to resolve the contradiction: how, in conditions of limited resources, to most fully satisfy unlimited needs.

Economics as a science
is
the science of connections in the spheres of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of economic goods with the effective use
of limited resources
to satisfy
unlimited needs
.

Thus, in this course, on the one hand, we look at how the economy works, and on the other hand, we use scientific methods to try to describe various economic processes - the processes of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods.

The study of economic relations occurs at different levels - microeconomics, macroeconomics and world economics.

Microeconomics

studies the behavior of individual firms, households and individual markets (such as the land market, capital market, etc.).

Macroeconomics

explores the economic processes taking place in the country. The subject of studying macroeconomics is economic growth, inflation, unemployment.

Micro- and macroeconomics are interconnected. The economic situation of individual firms and households influences the economy and economic development of the state (the level of production in the country depends on the consumer ability of households, production develops, taxes are paid, unemployment falls, etc.). In the same way, the economic situation in the country has an impact on individual enterprises and households (the state pays salaries to doctors and teachers, generally finances healthcare and education, the social sphere, provides tax benefits, etc.).

World economics studies the relationships between national economies, how the world economy is structured, how international trade functions, why some states trade with others and not with others, etc.

functions of economic theory can be distinguished

:

1. Methodological function

   (economics teaches what to do and what not to do, and explains why this is so)

2. Scientific-cognitive function

   (comprehensively studies the problems of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods and services)

   Read also:  Presentation: “Vegetables and fruits are the most vitamin-rich foods!” presentation for the lesson (grade 1) on the topic
3. Critical function

   (gives an objective critical positive or normative assessment of economic phenomena and processes)

4. Practical (recommendatory) function –

   Based on a positive assessment of economic phenomena, makes recommendations to the leaders of the state, company, etc.

Economic activity consists of 4 blocks, which, together, are called the reproduction process.

Students are divided into groups, which are given sheets and markers, and are asked to create a reproduction process cluster on their own.

Reproduction process–

it is the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of economic goods.

We divide production into 2 groups: tangible and intangible production

. Moreover, material production, i.e. agriculture, industry, energy, and intangible production - services, education, healthcare, art - all this relates to the economy. Both belong to the economic sphere, both are studied in economics, and both satisfy human needs.

Let's remember what needs are?

1. Needs and resources.

Needs

- a person’s perceived need for something.

Needs express the need to own something to carry out life activities and personal development.

Although human needs are diverse, according to Maslow’s hierarchy there are only 5 basic ones.

They are divided into primary and secondary. The lower level of needs is biological needs and the need for safety; without satisfying these needs, the needs of the next level simply do not arise. Without satisfying biological needs, a person simply cannot live. The need for security is also a primary need. For example, people moved into a new apartment - there is nothing there yet, but an iron door will be installed first. Or another example. Every home has a first aid kit. If there is a small child or elderly people in the house, this first aid kit will be very massive - this is a security need to have access to vital medications at any time when they may be needed and pharmacies are closed.

And second-order needs are the so-called. social needs - love, friendship, communication, respect, self-esteem and, finally, self-realization.

The needs are influenced by various factors - standard of living, climate, degree of production development. Information significantly influences their development - you learn about some new products in a particular area, and you have a new need.

Remember what the specific needs are?

Needs grow limitlessly

.

To satisfy them, resources are needed.

Resources-

means available to humanity to satisfy its needs.

Resources are divided into 2 groups (which ones?)

- renewable - resources that exist in unlimited quantities or that are capable of reproduction (water, air, solar and wind energy, plants and animals)

- non-renewable - resources that exist in limited quantities, at least for several generations, or that are not capable of reproduction.

Today, 60% of the world's consumption consists of raw materials, which will last for about 200 years - oil, gas, coal, ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Thus, if needs are unlimited, then our resources are limited.

Limited –

lack of resources to simultaneously and fully satisfy all the needs of all people at any time.

And economics, as we have already said, is precisely the study of mechanisms for satisfying unlimited human needs in conditions of limited resources. This is the main problem of economics, its main task as a science.

1. Free and economic benefits.

To satisfy needs, a person can use only the resources available to him. And here we move on to the concept of goods.

Good

is a means to satisfy a specific human need.

You and I know that benefits are divided into 2 types - which ones? Free and economic. So free good coincides in meaning with the word resource. What is a free good?

Free benefits

- these are goods, the available volume of which is greater than the need for them.

What kind of blessings are these - sunlight, water, air.

- Free goods are unlimited and therefore free.

- They are not created by man, these benefits are given by nature.

- Consumption by one person does not reduce the usefulness for other people.

We obtain economic benefits through the processing of resources. Try to characterize economic goods using the characteristics of free goods.

Economic benefits

- goods, the available volume of which is less than the need for them.

- economic goods are produced by people

- economic benefits are limited and must be paid for.

Economic benefits are divided into public and private

.

Public goods
are
a set of goods and services that are provided to the population free of charge, at the expense of state funds (health care, education, law enforcement, roads, bridges, etc.).

Private goods are provided to a specific consumer taking into account his individual demand. Such a good is divisible

, it
belongs to the individual
as private property and can be
inherited and exchanged
. A private good is given to the one who paid for it.

Public goods are indivisible

and belong to society.

In addition, public goods have such a characteristic as non-excludability.

. This means that it is impossible to exclude the consumption of these goods by individual members of society.

People consume economic goods in the form of goods and services. Remember what their key difference is?

Product -

it is a product of labor produced for exchange (sale).

Service

is an activity that has a certain value. (health care, education, insurance, construction, repairs, security, etc.).

Let's look at the characteristics in more detail.

Product characteristics

: (try it yourself)

- has a material embodiment

- the process of production of a product can be separated from the process of consumption (a product can be produced, stored in a warehouse, and consumed after a few years)

- easily sold or transferred to another person.

Service characteristics:

—

has no material embodiment

— the production process cannot be separated from the consumption process (you receive the service at the time of its production)

Products that complement each other are called complements

(complementary goods), goods that replace each other -
substitutes
(substitute goods).

Complementary goods complement each other in consumption.

Give examples of complementary goods - skis and poles or ski boots, a computer and mouse, player and headphones, camera and flash, and examples of substitute goods - tea and coffee, white and black bread, meat and fish.

To increase the amount of economic goods, it is necessary to organize their production. Thus, we can conclude that

Economy

is a science that studies human behavior in the process of production, exchange and distribution of economic goods.

D.z.

P.1 in the textbook.

In writing in a notebook: “Let’s invent a situation.”

As homework, you can ask students to come up with examples that would confirm the need for every person (including the common man) to study the basics of economics. You can even ask schoolchildren to write a short essay on this topic. At the next lesson, you should discuss and comment on the most interesting answer options.

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