Research work on the topic: “My beloved Teddy”

History of a soft toy

Despite the fact that children's toys go back thousands of years since their founding, not all of them appeared at the same time. The history of soft toys is considered to be the youngest, dating back to the 19th century, when caring mothers began to sew funny figures of animals, birds and people for their children. The materials for creativity then became bright scraps of fabric, and the filling for all this splendor was straw, sawdust and other improvised means.

Soft toys began to appear on an industrial scale a little later. Chronicles date their birth to the 20th century. Manufacturers used the same sawdust and cotton wool as filler. Later - synthetic hypoallergenic materials such as holofiber and padding polyester.

The history of the appearance of soft toys abroad

The crowning achievement of the masters’ creation at the beginning of the 20th century was the charming Teddy bear, which received its name thanks to US President Theodore Roosevelt. With its appearance, the history of the origin of the soft toy took on a different perspective.

Back in 1901, the idea of ​​creating a plush baby was proposed by Margarete Steiff, who officially patented her know-how. True, there were still differences in the century-old toy from today’s analogues. The first bear cub rested on all 4 paws and stood freely on them.

A little later, artist Richard Steiff proposed his own version of the animal, according to which the bear stood only on its hind legs. This model was liked by children from different countries. Thanks to this popularity, the Steiff manufactory was inundated with orders. The name of the plush Teddy appeared much later.

According to history, the wife of a Russian immigrant, who is also the owner of a souvenir shop in the United States, together with her husband turned to the president with a request to perpetuate his name in such an extraordinary way.

Roosevelt did not refuse, and therefore the sonorous name Teddy forever became part of the children's fun in which the soft bear cub took part.

The evolution of a soft toy

The whole world knows a photograph of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, who was presented with a toy in the form of a large bear named Teddy at one of his meetings with the American leader. This event was hardly the beginning of the history of soft toys in Russia, but it remained forever captured in the annals of social and political photo chronicles.

In 2003, the history of the appearance of soft toys celebrated its first centennial anniversary. Exactly 100 years have passed since the mass release of teddy bears. And if earlier attention was paid mainly to these forest inhabitants, today the variety of goods breaks all imaginable records.

Of course, bears are still leaders in the hit parade of favorite heroes, but they have been added to: ·

• plush hares, snakes;
• soft horses, cats, elephants, dogs, etc.;
• heroes of your favorite cartoons and movies;
• fictional fantasy creatures and inhabitants of fairy tales.

They invariably attract admiring glances from both adults and children. That is why, no matter how many decades the history of creating a soft toy goes back, it still remains a welcome gift and a sweet present for any occasion. Moreover, high-quality certified products are made from materials that are pleasant to the touch and safe for health and well-being.

Scientists say that soft toys are one of the best ways to combat stress.

Soft toys come into our lives in early childhood. These include fur toys and textile toys. It could be our white bunny, gray bunny, beige bear, gray bear, red Santa Claus, soft doll, turtle. It could even be an interior toy that we simply admired. Having become acquainted with them and played enough in childhood, we carry our good impressions associated with a soft toy throughout our lives. There is some magic in this cute and kind toy: a bear, a bunny, an elephant, a crocodile. Where does this magical power lie? After all, a soft toy is not considered a particularly educational toy. Not recommended or prohibited for allergy sufferers. Even some psychologists argue that by “communicating” with a soft toy, a child compensates for the lack of parental attention and care. And also a lack of communication with other children. But many psychologists claim that soft toys have a beneficial effect on the child’s psyche. They help develop such qualities as humanity and caring for others. Soft toys are necessary for role-playing games. Here they act as actors. The period of role-playing games is a serious stage in the development of a child; it helps to develop thinking and imagination. This stage usually occurs after 2.5 -3 years. With the help of a soft toy, you can play out different life situations and explain to your child in an accessible form things that are still difficult for him to understand.

But why is this toy so interesting and so captivating for adults? After all, soft toys are made and bought not only for children. They are given to girls, they decorate the interior, they serve as pendants, keychains on a bag or backpack. Even serious men use them with pleasure as pendants or keychains in cars. Such a gift for them is a “gift for business,” as they say. So what is the magic of a soft toy? Maybe it’s because we all come from childhood? Maybe because it evokes positive emotions? Scientists say that soft toys are one of the best ways to combat stress! Concentrating their attention on basic children's fun, each person is immersed for some time in an atmosphere of calm and tranquility, forgetting about endless problems and worries. Almost all people associate toys with that happy period, filled with dreams and dreams, when everyone believed that problems could be solved by themselves, and any story would definitely end well. By touching children's toys as an adult, any person gets the opportunity to feel like a child, freeing himself, albeit for a short time, from the oppression of everyday “adult” problems. And having felt these positive emotions, sometimes it becomes easier to find a suitable way out of the current stress situation. So people have been sewing soft toys for many centuries. And the widespread production of soft toys began in France in the sixteenth century. Well, Teddy bears appeared already in the 20th century. They sew a soft toy from different materials - from faux fur, from natural fur, from artificial fabric, from natural fabric, from genuine leather, from artificial leather. You can also get your soft pet from your favorite old jeans. There are flat , semi-volume and volumetric models of soft toys. Flat ones have a single shape - a frame base made of cardboard or foam rubber. This makes the toy static - motionless. Such products are decorated with embroidery and appliqué. Volumetric models are made of several parts, each of which is filled with padding material. They have darts and various sewn-in elements that create additional volume. - belly, forehead, chin, all kinds of wedges, etc. A voluminous toy can be easily made movable. It is enough to use a wire frame or make a hinged joint using buttons, elastic bands, contact tape (“Velcro”), etc. Semi-volume models, although they consist of individual parts, do not have elements that affect the volume. All parts are located in a plane, and relief is achieved by superimposing some parts of the toy on others. Thus, when sewing these models, they use the technology of making flat and three-dimensional toys. In the end, it remains to remind you that a soft toy is always a sincere and sweet gift.

Development of various options for soft toys

Before sewing my toy, I looked at many sites for making soft toys. The world of toys is huge and diverse. I liked many of the toy models.

But I decided to choose a dog pattern. She is the one who allows me to fantasize and is able to develop my imagination. I also want to give a gift to my older sister.

Identifying the basic requirements for sewing a toy

My toy should be:

• beautifully and qualitatively made;
• small size;
• made of soft fabric;
• natural color;
• safe for the child;
• made from environmentally friendly materials;
• with low cost.

Analysis of ideas and selection of the best option for a soft toy

A cute, charming cat will bring joy to anyone who picks them up.

A charming horse will easily improve your mood.

A cute, cozy puppy with soft floppy paws that will improve the mood of anyone who comes into his arms.

Having considered all the toy options I liked, I decided that I would sew a puppy, since a puppy is my favorite friend.

Materials and tools

To perform the work, the following materials, tools and equipment are required:

• Hand needles
• Scissors
• Measuring tape and ruler
• Iron
• Templates
• Fur, fabric
• Threads
• Tailor's pins
• Chalk, pencil
• Pattern paper-cardboard
• Sintepon
• Colored ribbons, beads
• Fabrics.

To make voluminous stuffed toys, it is recommended to use short-pile synthetic fur; it is easy to process and retains the shape of the toy well, as well as natural fabrics.

Long-pile synthetic and natural fur are more suitable for finishing toys and combining with short-pile fur, any type of fabric and non-woven materials.

Threads. To sew toys you need spool threads No. 30, 40 in different colors. When making decorative seams on the front side of toys, floss, iris, darning, and wool yarn are used.

Colored ribbons, beads . These materials are needed to design the product.

Cardboard. Necessary for making patterns.

Sintepon. Stitched toy shapes are stuffed with padding polyester.

Scissors, needles, thimbles. For cutting fur, small scissors with sharp closed ends are most convenient, and for cutting fabric, large ones with straight blades. Needles of different sizes are needed. The thimble should match the thickness of your middle finger.

Chalk, glue, pencils. Chalk is used to draw patterns on fabric and fur. PVA glue is used to glue parts.

Before starting work, you must put on special clothing - an apron or work coat to protect your clothes from contamination with fur lint, glue, and paints. The apron should have a neat appearance.

Organizing a workplace when sewing toys

For operations performed manually, a work table is required, on which only the parts, tools and fixtures to be processed should be located. During manual work, you need to ensure proper fit. Incorrect position of the body (torso) causes fatigue, reduces performance, and also leads to stooping, curvature of the spine, and impairs vision.

A workplace for performing machine work is a table on which a sewing machine is installed and the necessary tools and accessories are laid out.

When working on a sewing machine, the workplace should be well lit. When operating a sewing machine, it is very important to sit with your body and head slightly tilted forward.

Financial calculations

Investments in the project

As stated earlier, a business project involving the production of soft toys is not an enterprise with large initial investments. The bulk of the initial investment infusions into a business project is generated by costs associated with the process of state registration of a business and obtaining the appropriate permits, as well as the search and rental of production premises, the acquisition of necessary equipment and production raw materials. On average, as practice shows, the amount of start-up investment required to open a small enterprise for the production of soft toys is about 300–400 thousand rubles.

Current expenses

Regular monthly expenses of the enterprise are formed as a result of costs associated with rent for production premises, tax deductions and payments for utilities, as well as wages for employees of the enterprise and expenses for advertising and marketing events. Current expenses of an enterprise for the production of soft toys, according to statistics, range from 100 to 150 thousand rubles monthly.

Sales income and profit generation

The profitable part of the business project is generated through the sale of finished products through your own retail or wholesale outlet or through established sales channels. For small enterprises producing soft toys, the average monthly net profit will be about 75 thousand rubles.

Project payback period

Taking into account small initial investments in a business project, with the specified input data and the average volume of monthly sales, the payback period for an enterprise is on average about six months. This indicator changes depending on sales volumes, which are directly influenced by the quality of the product, competent marketing and promotional activities.

Sources

• https://xn—-8sbebdgd0blkrk1oe.xn--p1ai/biznes-plan/proizvodstvo/izgotovlenie-myagkix-igrushek.html
• https://startbusinessidea.ru/proizvodstvo/proizvodstvo-myagkix-igrushek.html
• https://to-biz.ru/biznes-na-izgotovlenii-igrushek-dlya-detej/
• https://business-poisk.com/proizvodstvo-myagkih-igrushek.html
• https://mebel-expert.info/igrushki-svoimi-rukami-iz-tkani/
• https://mir-handmade.in.ua/texnologiya-poshiva-igrushki/
• https://tkanix.guru/krojka-i-shite/igrushki
• https://handsmake.ru/kak-sdelat-myagkuyu-igrushku-svoimi-rukami.html

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Safety precautions when sewing toys

Safety rules when performing manual work:

• be attentive;
• put a thimble on the middle finger of your right hand so as not to
• prick him;
• stick needles and pins only into the needle bed,
• do not sew with a bent needle;
• do not stick needles into clothing;
• place the scissors to your right with the blades closed;
• pass scissors only with closed blades and rings
• forward.

Safety rules for sewing: Do not lean close to moving parts of the sewing machine; Do not keep your fingers near the moving needle; Do not place foreign objects on the platform.

Safety rules when performing wet-thermal work:

• Do not leave the iron on;
• Set the thermostat dial in accordance with the selected fabric;
• Place the iron on a special stand;
• Make sure that the cord does not touch the soleplate of the iron; Turn the iron on and off with dry hands, while grasping the body of the plug, not the cord;
• WTO of a product or part should be done from the wrong side in the direction of the grain thread.

Soft toy technology

To make a soft puppy toy with your own hands, you will need a cardboard pattern and a manufacturing sequence. You can make the toy using hand stitches or use a sewing machine. I chose the first option.

When sewing soft toys, two types of hand stitches are used:

Sequence of making a soft toy:

1. Prepare patterns for the body, head, upper and lower paws, ear, tail. The parts are combined from fabric of different colors, so it is more convenient to cut and join their individual parts at the same time.
2. According to the pattern of the body and head, cut out two parts from pink cotton.
3. Cut out striped cotton top and bottom paws.
4. Cut ear pieces two at a time from pink and striped cotton and two tail pieces from striped cotton.
5. First sew with a basting stitch, and then with a back stitch with a needle, the parts of the body, head, paws, ears and tail.
6. Fill the finished parts with padding polyester. Sew up the holes for stuffing.
7. Connect the finished parts together using thread fastening.
8. Embroider the nose.
9. Sew on eye buttons.
10. Decorate the toy with a bow on the neck.

Economic justification for sewing toys

From the compiled table it can be seen that the cost of a toy made by hand is less than the cost of a toy purchased on the market or in a store from similar materials.

Environmental justification for making a toy

The problem of ecology has now become of great importance. To lead a healthy lifestyle, it is very important that the objects that surround a person, that a person uses in everyday life, are environmentally friendly and safe.

The production of the toy did not cause any harm to the environment. All the materials that I used to create the toy are environmentally friendly. Remaining fabrics and trims are stored in a specific place and can be used to make other things.

Self-esteem

As a result of working on the project, I can proudly say that I completed the task assigned to me. The toy turned out exactly the way I wanted it to be. My sister will be delighted. Thanks to the project, I learned how the toy came about, and now I have an idea about its creation and evolution. After the work I have done, I can say with confidence that a toy made with my own hands is pleasing to the eye, uplifting and economically beneficial.

Technology selection

Production technology depends on the investments you are willing to make in the development of your business. You can make toys:

• with your own hands;
• organize large-scale production.

If you have an idea of ​​how to make various toys that might be of interest to the public, you can organize a business in a small workshop by registering an individual entrepreneur.

This option takes a lot of time to produce one unit, but the resulting product can easily be called hand made, which is popular today. Such products are purchased by parents who want to give their child something unique or as a gift. It is also possible to make toys to order, because a real master can make both Luntik and Fixik.

If you are interested in large-scale production, you must:

1. Room. It is desirable that it consist of a number of workshops for the process of manufacturing parts, their assembly, storage, etc.
2. Machines for production (drilling, facing, grinding) for the manufacture of wooden toys, molds for casting (for plastic products), sewing machines for soft toys, as well as additional equipment and tools - chisels, planes, etc.
3. Packaging material.