Lesson for preschool children using play therapy. Abstract

It is known that the ability to resist diseases is higher in those children who, even having certain diseases, willingly communicate and play with their peers. There is no need to restrict the movement of children suffering from certain diseases, as they are actively growing. Muscles that are in dynamic motion develop more intensively. The lack of active actions has a negative impact on the musculoskeletal system, as well as on the nervous, immune, endocrine and other systems of the child’s body.

Games for diseases of the musculoskeletal system

These games are of particular importance for those who are about to go to school. After all, the child will have to remain in a sitting position for a long time. The ideal solution here would be to use all kinds of outdoor games and warm-ups.

“Kitten” (2 – 4 years)

Target. Strengthening the muscle corset, forming correct posture, developing balance.

Description. To play you will need 2 ropes and a ball. A child can be a kitten. To begin with, let him curl up in a ball and pretend that the kitten is sleeping. Then the kitten wakes up and stretches. To do this, the baby needs to get on all fours and bend his back down, and at the same time raise his head up.

Kittens also love to chase strings. To do this, the leader takes the rope by one end and pulls, and the child tries to catch it, moving on all fours after it.

Cats also love hunting. A rope is laid out on the floor. The child must walk along it on all fours carefully, slowly, so as not to fall off the “fence.” Suddenly the hunter sees his prey, jumps off the fence and sneaks away. A narrow path is laid out on the floor from both ropes, along which the baby must walk, moving on all fours. In this case, you need to bend down to the floor and try not to touch the ropes.

“Handkerchief” (4 – 6 years)

Target. Strengthening the muscular-ligamentous apparatus of the feet, developing coordination of movements and balance.

Description. To play you will need a handkerchief, a stick and a mat. The child sits on a gymnastics mat, stretching his legs forward and spreading them wide. At the back, the emphasis should be on the hands. The stick is located between the legs. A scarf is placed to her right. The child needs to take it with the toes of his right foot and move it over the stick to his left foot, and then return the right foot to its original position. Next, you need to do the same with your left foot. Perform the exercise several times.

If several children are playing, you can arrange a competition to see who can carry the handkerchief the fastest without ever dropping it.

The game can also be complicated if you carry both legs with a scarf through a stick.

“Freaks” (5 – 7 years)

Target. Improving the mobility of the shoulder joints.

Description. To play you will need a rope. The child holds a rope in his hands, with his hands shoulder-width apart. Then he begins to step over the rope, without letting go of his hands, puts it behind his back, carries it over his head and lowers it in front of him again. Then, from time to time, the distance between the hands decreases and the exercise is repeated.

To add an element of competition to the game, an adult can play together with a child or organize a game with several children.

The winner of the game is the one who manages to step over the rope with a minimum distance between his hands.

By the way, instead of a rope, you can use a long twisted towel.

Games for diseases of the respiratory system

Proper breathing trains the lungs and is a good prevention of various respiratory diseases. It is necessary to harden the body and form proper breathing from early childhood.

“Flower” (2 – 4 years)

Target. Formation of correct breathing.

Description. To play this game, you need to kneel down and fold your arms along your body. Then, for about 2 minutes, the child depicts a growing and blooming flower. First, he raises his arms up to the sides, then gradually rises to his feet from his knees. At the end, the child needs to stand on tiptoes and open his arms, slightly spreading and rounding them, like a flower cup. These movements are performed very slowly and intermittently: a slight shift - a pause, another shift - and again a pause.

All movements must be combined with breathing: during them, the baby inhales a small amount of air, and during a pause exhales, not releasing all the air, but leaving a little in the lungs. Each next inhalation should be slightly larger than the exhalation. The lungs should be fully filled with air only when the flower has fully opened (bloomed). After this last and deepest breath, several maximum volume exhalations and inhalations are made. Then the hands drop. You can relax.

“Bubbles” (3 – 5 years)

Target. Training the respiratory muscles, teaching correct rhythmic exhalation, improving nasal breathing (for diseases of the upper respiratory tract).

Description. To play, you will need a glass filled with water and a cocktail straw. The child must first be shown the correct execution of actions. First, you need to put a glass of water on the table and put a straw in it. After this, a deep breath is taken through the nose, and then the same deep breath is taken, only through a straw. The longer the gurgling, the better.

If several children participate in the game, you can organize a competition with prizes.

“Skier” (5 – 7 years)

Target. Training the coordination of dynamic and respiratory movements, improving breathing (for diseases of the lower respiratory tract).

Description. Tell your child that the Olympic Games are coming soon and you have been invited to participate in cross-country skiing. However, training is required to participate successfully. First you need to master the technique. For this purpose, the child, with his legs slightly apart, on command, pretends to go down the mountain. At the same time, stretching their arms forward, they inhale, and as they exhale, they stretch their arms back and do a deep squat. Repeat 5 – 6 times.

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

Lesson objectives:

1. Reduce emotional and muscle tension.
2. Improve attention, perception, speech, imagination.
3. Develop the ability to build associative connections between images of reality and sound artistic images.

Material:

• Laptop, speakers
• Musical accompaniment
• Sports soft modules
• Sandbags
• Disposable cups, juice straws, water
• Ball
• Hoops

Venue: psychologist's cabin, group room, gym.

Number of participants: six to seven older children

GAME TRAINING PROGRESS:

Guys, today we have an unusual activity; today we will take a trip to a fairyland, which you can only get to with a good mood and a kind heart.

Introductory meditation (carried out to calm music).

Guys, let's find our heart, press both hands to our chests, and listen to how it knocks: “knock, knock, knock . Now imagine that you have a gentle sun in your chest instead of a heart. Its bright and warm light spreads over the body, arms, legs. There is so much of it that it no longer fits into us. Let's send each other and the guests a little light and warmth from our hearts (put your arms forward, hands vertical).

The musical work “Small Country” - phonogram

Guys, close your eyes for a moment and imagine that you find yourself in a fairyland. Magic music always sounds here, birds sing, a brook babbles and all the heroes of our favorite fairy tales live, and we will now find out which of the fairy-tale heroes we will meet today.

Let's go along the forest path, which should lead us to a sunny clearing. You need to walk carefully, slowly, so as not to disturb the forest inhabitants.

(children begin to move along the path to light music with the effects of birdsong)

Guys, look, we are in a clearing where the princess of the fairy-tale land of Imagination lives, let’s listen to what she will tell and show us.

Goal: formation of correct posture.

1. I am a princess from a distant fairy tale, look how good I am!

I. p. - standing, hands on the belt. Slowly rise on your toes, move your elbows back, bend slightly. Return to i. P.

2. Here is a bag with a secret, I’ll show it to you now. (bags are distributed) It has magical powers and helps me do what I want.

I. p. - standing, legs together, hands below, bag on head. Turn your torso to the left (then to the right), arms to the sides. Return to i. P.

3. I have excellent posture and a joyful smile...

I. p. - standing, hands on the belt. Slightly bending, move your left (and then right) leg back onto your toes. Return to i. P.

4. The bag helps me to always be beautiful.

I. p. - basic stance, hands on the belt, bag on the head. Raising the right (then left) leg bent at the knee, straighten and bend. Return to i. P.

5. And now I, like a scarlet flower, am reaching for the rays of the sun.

I. p. - kneeling, legs slightly apart, arms to the sides, bag in the right (then left) hand. Leaning back, turn your torso to the right (left), put the bag on the floor between your legs. Return to i. P.

6. I won’t let you go, my faithful friend.

I. p. - the main stance, a bag on the head. Sit down, hands in front of you. Return to i.p.

7. Proudly, like a spring butterfly, I will walk in a circle.

(breathing exercise)

I. p. - the main stance, a bag on the head. Slow walking in a circle. We flap our wings. A butterfly flies to a stream.

Exercise “Crystal Water” (carried out to the sound of water).

Goal: restoration of strength, improvement of mood.

Equipment: disposable cups, straws and water.

Children stand in a circle. Cups of water and straws are distributed.

Guys, you feel how magical and clean the air is in a fairy-tale land (children breathe the air), and you hear a stream babbling somewhere in the distance, and let us, with the help of our breath, talk to it and tell it all our desires.

Guys, let’s play the outdoor game “Multi-colored ball” .

Outdoor game “Colorful balls”

Goal: to develop the child’s physical abilities, coordination, and increase motor activity.

Children read poetry in chorus:

A multi-colored ball jumps along the path Along the path, along the path From the birch tree to the aspen tree, from the aspen tree turn

Straight to (name)'s garden

The players, standing in a circle, pass or throw the ball to each other. After the last words spoken, everyone runs away, and the player who still has the ball tries to knock down as many players as possible.

Low mobility game “Stork”

Goal: to teach children to play games of low physical activity, to experience feelings of joy from playing together, to express feelings of sympathy.

Hoops are laid out in a circle: nests in which storks stand on one leg. A leading stork without a nest jumps inside the circle with the words: “Quickly tell me, who took my nest here? Here it is.” With the last words, he jumps into any nest. The owner of the nest and the stork run around the circle from the outside, and the one who occupies the nest first remains in it, the second becomes the leader.

Princess:

And now, without delay, we will remember the exercise. His friends, do not forget and repeat it often.

Exercises to relieve tension and fatigue.

The teacher invites the children to hold hands to form a circle and then squat down. He further says: “Imagine that you are asters (roses, lilies of the valley) and growing in a flowerbed . After this, the guys perform exercises with text accompaniment:

We are asters, asters, asters (roses, lilies of the valley) We grow in the flowerbed. (Children slowly rise from their haunches, then raise their hands) We are not loved in vain, When we blossom (Walking in a circle, holding hands)

We are beautiful flowers, We are cheerful flowers (Swing your arms back and forth, 2, 3 times)

Guys, our exciting journey has come to an end.

- Did you like it?

— What did you like most? Why?

— Do you want to come back here again? ...

Until the next trip!

Games for cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) is a group of motor disorders that are formed when the motor centers of the brain are damaged and manifest themselves in the lack or complete absence of control by the central nervous system over the functioning of the muscles.

“Meeting and seeing off” (2 – 3 years)

Target. Development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

Description. The open palms of both hands are turned towards the child, and he repeats:

“Seryozhina’s (baby’s name) palm is mother’s palm.”

“Hello, palms!” (both pairs of palms press against each other).

“And goodbye!” (palms move apart).

“Seryozha’s finger is my mother’s finger.”

“Hello, fingers!” (fingertips touch).

“Goodbye, fingers!” (fingers need to be separated and waved).

There is also a more complex option:

“Seryozha’s ring is my mother’s ring” (first the thumb and index fingers are connected, then the thumb and middle, etc.).

It should be noted that each child’s finger must be able to move independently, and not just simultaneously with other fingers.

“Ball” (3 – 5 years)

Target. Relaxation of spastic (tense) muscles, improved coordination of movements.

Description. The exercises are performed with the help of a trainer who stands behind the child and holds him on the ball.

1. The child kneels on the floor in front of the ball, resting his hands on it. Then he rises on each leg in turn, and then stands on both legs and rolls back and forth on the ball.
2. The baby lies with his stomach on the ball, resting his hands on the floor, and rolls back and forth on his stomach, moving his hands along the floor.
3. The child lies with his stomach on the ball and leans on his feet, performing circular rotations on the ball, while moving his feet on the floor in one direction and the other.
4. The baby sits astride the ball and swings from side to side with alternate support on each foot.
5. The child lies on the ball sideways and leans on the floor with one hand, and then begins to roll back and forth, moving his supporting hand along the floor (with the help of an adult).
6. The child lies on the ball with his back (an adult supports him by the hands) and uses his hands to pull the body forward.
7. The child, standing in front of the ball, rolls it with his foot. The foot should be on top. Your back must be kept straight. Repeat with the other leg.
8. The child, sitting on the ball, turns his body to the sides. The back should be straight.
9. The baby, sitting on the ball, bends to the sides, leaning on each foot in turn.

“A good fairy tale” (5 – 7 years)

Target. Development of imagination, imaginative thinking, ability to work in a team.

Description. 4 - 5 children take part in the game. The basis is any fairy tale with a sad ending, for example “The Snow Maiden” or “The Little Mermaid”, etc. Children are asked to think about how this fairy tale can be changed, using characters from other fairy tales, so that it ends positively.

The team that presents the fairy tale in the form of a mini-play in the most interesting and fun way wins.

If suddenly the children cannot offer a single fairy tale that has not already taken part in the game, you can come up with new endings to fairy tales known to children.

Finger play training for children 5-7 years old

Finger play training in kindergarten
Author: Roshchupkina Elena Alekseevna, teacher of MKDOU BGO Kindergarten No. 16 combined type
This play training allows you to work with preschool children in a playful way to develop fine motor skills of the hands.
Game training is designed for children 5 – 7 years old. Finger play training can be useful for educators and parents. Objectives: coordinate gross and fine motor skills;
influence biologically active points on the palm and fingertips; promote the development of children's speech, memory, thinking, and evoke positive emotions. Progress of the lesson
Educator: Hello, guys! A new day has come. We are not too lazy to study. I invite you for a walk, I promise you fun meetings, We will walk in the forest, We will play with fingers. And the path will help us get into the wizard’s forest. A finger game is played using a hot stand. Along the winding path (Stepping with fingers along the holes of the stand.)
Our feet walk. Top-top, top-top-top-top.
Blizzards and blizzards are not scary, We follow each other. So we found ourselves in the forest. Guess the riddle of who meets us in the forest clearing. The teacher asks a riddle: Red tail, gnawing a nut, Can jump better than anyone. (Squirrel.) (Children guess the riddle).
Let's play with her. The finger game “Squirrel” is being held

A squirrel sits on a cart, selling its nuts.
To the titmouse bird - this is such a nut. (Shows a small nut with the index finger and thumbs.)
To the little fox sister - this is such a nut.
(Showing the nut with the thumb and middle finger.)
To the mustachioed bunny - this is such a nut.
(Spread your fingers to show a big nut.)
And for the clumsy bear - this is such a nut.
(Join your hands above your head.)
But the squirrel saved these nuts for the guys.
(Walnuts are distributed.)
Finger play using walnuts.
I’ll take the nut in my hands and twist it a little, This way and that way I’ll twist the nut, (Rolling the nut in different directions between my fingers.)
I’ll put it between my fingers, I’ll put it in my palm, I’ll squeeze it tightly.
(Squeeze the nut in your palm.)
I didn’t break the nut myself, I’ll give it to Squirrel.
(Show the nut in your palm.
)
Listen to another riddle. The teacher asks the following riddle. Under the pine trees, under the fir trees, there is a bag of needles (Hedgehog).
The hedgehog sleeps under the snow in the leaves, he is preparing for winter.
We won't wake him up, but we'll play with his thorns. (Massage fingertips with a toothbrush).

A prickly hedgehog lives in the forest. There is no head or legs.
He runs, runs, runs. And puffs, puffs, puffs. Runs here and there. Are you ticklish? Yes Yes Yes! The prickly hedgehog goes into the dark forest, Where do you live? Children can give their address. We walked through the forest and walked, but we didn’t find anyone. The teacher asks a riddle again. Who walks in the forest in the cold winter, angry and hungry? (Wolf.) (Finger play using clothespins. Biting fingertips with clothespins.)

Here he is a hungry wolf, a wolf, He clicks his teeth, clicks.
Gray bunny, you and I quickly hide in the bushes. There is a lot of snow in the forest, but let's go skiing (Finger game with buttons).
Who is quickly rushing through the forest
(Put two fingers on the buttons and slide along the table.) He
is not afraid of failing.
I'm flying down a snowy hill. Sports have become dearer and closer to me. Skis helped me with this. Educator: Listen carefully, what do you hear? Do you hear bird voices? A real concert began in this forest. Each forest dweller has his own tool. Finger game “Tools” A woodpecker is knocking on a tree, (Tapping slowly with fingers on the table.)
A magpie is cracking its beak,
(Tapping quickly on the table with fingers)
.
The hare drums on the stump, (Tapping quickly with fingertips)
Let's play too
(Playing the “piano” - press the buttons on the lips.)

It's fun in the forest, let's play with the forest dwellers.
Dynamic pause "Merry in the Woods". The hares got up early in the morning and played merrily in the forest. (Jumping in place.)
Jump-jump-jump along the paths, Those who are not used to exercise.
(Walking in place.)
Here is a fox walking through the forest, I wonder who is jumping there?
(Stretching - hands forward.)
To answer the question, the little fox pulls his nose.
But the bunnies jump quickly. How could it be otherwise? (Running in place.)
Training helps And the bunnies run away.
(Walking in place.)
Here is a hungry fox Looking sadly into the heavens.
(Stretching the arm up.)
Sighs heavily,
(Deep inhalation and exhalation.)
Sits down and rests.
(They sit down and rest.)
The forest is empty, only one owl can be heard, “Uh-huh, uh-huh.”
It’s dark in the forest, everyone has been sleeping for a long time. (Eyes are closed, hands under the cheek.)
The owl is not sleeping, it is sitting on a branch,
(Put your index finger and thumb to your eyes, depicting an owl.)
Suddenly it flies.
(Wave your arms.)
Guys, it gets dark early in the forest in winter, it’s time for us to go to kindergarten. And the stars in the sky will help us find our way back. Let's draw them. (Unconventional drawing - printing with “Starry Sky” buttons. So our walk ended. Were you interested? (Children’s answer).

We recommend watching:

Workshop for parents of the 2nd junior group How to organize finger games at home? Card index of finger games on lexical topics The influence of finger gymnastics on the mental development of a child

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Preventive and restorative games

Games in this group improve mood, stabilize the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, strengthen muscles weakened during illness, improve metabolic processes and increase the body's resistance to infections.

“Catch the Bird” (2 – 3 years)

Target. Development of reaction speed.

Description. One palm of the child is placed on the palm of the adult. After this, you need to start slowly and smoothly stroking the children’s fingers one by one, saying: “Titmouse, titmouse.” And then quickly say: “Magpie,” while grabbing the baby’s finger and shaking it, accompanying this with the following words: “Caught, caught!” The child must have time to remove his hand when pronouncing the word “magpie.” If he succeeds, he needs to say: “Fly away, fly away!”, and then change hands.

You can switch roles if the baby copes well with the task.

“Flying on a cloud” (3 – 5 years)

Target. Improving sleep and the process of falling asleep.

Description. This game should be played in the evening before the child goes to bed. The baby should go to bed. Invite him to close his eyes and imagine himself sitting in the sky on a white fluffy cloud, slowly floating and taking him to the land of dreams. Let the baby feel how his legs relax and become light-light, and then his arms relax and also become light. A pleasant warmth spreads throughout the body. The eyelids become heavy. After this, let the child imagine that he himself turns into a white cloud and floats across the sky along with other clouds, and then imagine what he sees from above: the same clouds floating nearby, a meadow with soft green grass below. Let him “see” how the river flashes, “hear” how the water gurgles, etc.

“Guess what’s making noise” (5 – 7 years old)

Target. Improving auditory function by practicing the discrimination of non-speech sounds.

Description. To play, you need objects that make noise (candy wrapper, sheet of paper, etc.). You can play with one or several children. The driver (adult) must seat the children in a row with their backs to themselves so that none of them sees what he is doing. Then, using improvised objects or things present in the room, he begins to make certain sounds. The children's task is to guess the sources of sound.

You can reproduce any noises more or less recognizable to children: the rustle of crumpling paper or turning over a page, the rustling of a candy wrapper, clapping of hands, clicking of the tongue, the beep of a children's car, snapping fingers, ringing a bell, etc. The participant who guesses the most sounds wins.

Speech therapy games

After visiting a speech therapist, you can, based on his recommendations, use some games aimed at solving specific problems with the child’s speech.

“Exercise for lips and tongue” (3 – 5 years)

Target. Development of motor skills of the speech apparatus (training of the articulatory apparatus).

Description. You can invite your child to do some fun exercises.

1. “How does a lion yawn?” The baby stretches his mouth in a smile and on the count of “one-two-three-four-five” opens it wide and then slowly closes it. The exercise is repeated 4 – 5 times.
2. "Smile". The baby smiles widely, showing all his teeth, holding this position for up to 10 - 15 seconds.
3. "Tube". The child stretches his lips into a tube, as if trying to pronounce the sound “u”, and holds this position for 10 – 15 seconds.
4. "Up down". The baby stretches his mouth in a smile, opening it wide. You need to alternately touch your tongue to the upper and lower lips. The exercise is repeated 4 – 5 times. After this, you need to move your tongue up and down behind your teeth, while making sure that the lower jaw does not move.
5. "Curious tongue." Smiling, the baby sticks his tongue forward and moves it from corner to corner of his mouth.
6. "Cheerful painter." The child stretches his mouth in a smile, opening it wide, and makes movements along the palate from the teeth to the throat using the tip of his tongue, imitating the movements of a painter’s brush. The exercise is repeated 4 – 5 times.
7. "Fed cat." With his mouth slightly open, the baby smiles and licks his tongue from corner to corner, first the upper lip, and then the lower. The exercise is repeated 4–5 times in both directions.

If your child suddenly gets bored, you can find or compose interesting rhymes for each of the exercises.

“Seasons” (4 – 6 years)

Target. Development of coherent speech, teaching the child abstract concepts.

Description. For this game you will need pictures with images of different seasons. It is necessary to tell your child about the different seasons, months and signs of the seasons. After this, talk to your child about winter, spring, summer and autumn. Ask him what the weather is like, what people are wearing, what signs are observed in nature.

You can learn short poems, signs about the seasons, and use riddles.

You can also choose any other topics for discussion and use relevant pictures or surrounding objects.

“Where the sound hid” (6 – 7 years)

Target. Learning to differentiate sounds in syllables, words and sentences.

Description. The child is offered a word, sentence or short text in which he must find a certain sound. Over time, you can complicate the task - identify words with similar sounds “z” and “zh”, “s” and “sh”, “l” and “r”. For example, goat and leather, Sashka and saber, spoons and horns. Explain to your child how the meaning of a word changes if one sound is replaced by another.

The text you choose should be interesting to the child.

Theme "Fruits"

Self-massage of fingers (joining the fingers, starting with the little fingers, with a jumping ball between the fingers). Children connect one pair of fingers for each line of poetry, without their palms touching each other.

Theater of fingers and tongue (conjugate gymnastics)

1. One day the fingers went into the forest: stomp, stomp, stomp, stomp. Imitate the walking of fingers in a given rhythm, tempo: index and middle, thumb and index. Move your tongue up and down.
2. A wild apple tree grows at the edge of the forest. There are fruits on it - apples. Bring your hands together from elbows to wrists, clench your hands into fists, raise your thumbs up. Round the tongue and arch it, resting on the upper lip.
3. Apples are sour. Wave your hand "eh." Wrinkle your face and stick out your tongue slightly.
4. We'll collect the apples in baskets. Interlace your fingers like a basket. Bend the rounded ends of the tongue into a “cup”.
5. Let's make jam from apples at home. Raising your right thumb up is a gesture of approval. Smile and lick your upper and lower lips.
6. Through the forest (top-top, top-top-top) we came to the river. Spread your arms to the sides: smooth movements from the shoulders to the fingers. Smoothly move your wide tongue back and forth.
7. It's hard to carry baskets. We saw a boat. Fold your palms into a boat shape. Make wave-like movements with your hands. Fold the tongue into a boat shape (raise the side edges up). Pull your tongue forward and back.
8. We sailed home. Connect your fingertips (fingers in a “house”). Place your tongue on the roof of the house.

Finger game “We are cooking compote”

The manual "Keyboard" (author's) is used. Children alternately press first one, then the other and with both hands together on the keyboard (buttons), accompanying the game by pronouncing the verse:

Drawing (with ropes, plum pits, melon seeds, watermelon, grapes)

Games for various disorders

Games in this group are selected depending on certain violations.

“Laundry” (2 – 3 years)

Target. Development of fine motor skills, attention and learning to distinguish colors (if there is a lag in psychomotor development).

Description. To play you need plastic buckets and colorful clothespins. It is necessary to divide the clothespins in half and place one set of clothespins in each bucket. To begin, show your child clothespins of different colors and name these colors. Then demonstrate how to grab the clothespins with three fingers and attach them to the edge of the bucket. Next, invite your child to play the following game: you name a color, and he takes out the corresponding clothespin and attaches it to the edge of the bucket. If you see that a child is having a hard time, help him. After this, you can try to switch roles. You can also invite your child to attach clothespins, alternating colors.

“Parachutists” (3 – 5 years)

Target. Development of movement coordination, strengthening of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus of the feet, development of balance (in case of impaired quality of movement in certain chronic diseases).

Description. You will need a bench and chalk. Three circles are drawn with chalk next to the bench: one is nearby, the second is a little further, the third is even further. Players must pretend to be paratroopers. Tell the children that a good skydiver knows how to land exactly in a circle. Next, the guys take turns jumping from the bench into each of the circles. The winner is the one who completes the task and lands exactly in the circle while maintaining balance.

Demonstrate to children how to jump correctly, bouncing gently on their toes.

“Stream-stream” (4 – 7 years)

Target. Developing agility, learning to jump, strengthening various muscle groups (for some metabolic disorders).

Description.

All you need to play is chalk. A stream is drawn with chalk, the bed of which gradually widens. Children take turns jumping on two legs, first through a narrow section of the stream, and then moving further. The winner is the one who managed to jump over the stream from its widest part, or the one who moved along the stream as far as possible.

Signs of childhood fatigue and their elimination

Children's fatigue can be caused by overly emotional play, insufficient exposure to fresh air, poor lighting, noise, etc. In addition, children suffering from certain diseases quickly get tired and lose interest in games, so it is very important to notice this in time. The following are signs of fatigue:

• the child begins to rub his eyes and yawn;
• the child begins to get distracted;
• the child is capricious and crying;
• the child makes mistakes during the game;
• movements become sluggish and slow;
• the child shows aggression towards others;
• there is hyperactivity;
• taciturnity and seeking solitude (individual characteristics).

You should also take into account the rate of fatigue, which may depend on the age, type of temperament of the child, the severity of the disease, the presence or absence of experience communicating with peers, as well as the ability of others to explain, encourage and praise the child at the right time.

To avoid child fatigue, parents should adhere to the following rules:

• observe the child’s daily routine;
• spend time with him in the fresh air as often as possible;
• ensure a comfortable temperature in the playroom;
• diversify the games as often as possible;
• alternate active games with calm ones;
• do not interrupt a game that is unexpectedly interesting for the child;
• respect the child’s need for movement, communication, learning new things and help him with this.

Play therapy in kindergarten

The role of play therapy for a small individual is enormous. It helps develop the baby’s abilities, overcome conflicts and achieve psychological balance. The game process helps the child learn more easily and quickly, and acquire skills that will be useful to him in later life.

Game therapy for preschoolers as a method of corrective influence on their psyche can be used for work starting from the age of two. The child is offered a role-playing game to clarify his emotional state, fears and possible psychological traumas that the child is not able to talk about. Experts in play therapy claim that with the help of gameplay, children can be taught to interact more freely with their environment, improve school performance, and reduce their hyperactivity, aggressiveness and other behavioral disorders.

Play therapy in kindergarten today is considered one of the trends of modern times. Today, almost all kindergartens have a psychologist on staff who develops children using the play therapy method. Typically, in kindergartens, elements of play therapy are present in the daily routine.

The leading person in the use of play therapy will always be the child. The task of the psychologist is to maintain friendly relations with children and between them, to help in affirming the child’s “I” for himself and among others. It is recommended to start gaming activities in kindergarten with games that are aimed at improving psychological well-being.

Play therapy for preschoolers provides emotional release, relieves nervous tension, reduces fear of the dark, punishment, closed spaces, optimizes flexibility in actions, promotes the development of group norms of behavior, establishing contact between children and their parents, and develops coordination and dexterity. It is important in play therapy to respect the child’s wishes and his active position in the game. The psychologist is tasked with making sure that the gaming process brings joy to the baby. During the game, you should pay attention to the child’s well-being.

Game therapy examples of games aimed at correcting various fears are role-playing situations. For example, the game “Brave Mice”, in which a cat and mice are chosen. The mice run and squeak while the cat sleeps in her house. Then the cat wakes up and tries to catch up with the mice, who can hide in the house. Then the children change roles.

Playing “mother-daughter” with dolls also has a therapeutic effect, reveals potential and reveals the inner world of children. In game processes, the child models the situation in accordance with the situation at home. That is, the child will project family relationships onto the game.

Therefore, the most important task of the psychotherapist in play therapy is careful observation of behavior. It is not recommended to regulate the rules of the game, force or slow down the game process. In the process of play therapy, the psychotherapist needs to understand the child’s feelings and become a kind of mirror for him, helping him see himself. And the correction process in the game should happen automatically. The psychologist is required to express a sincere belief that the child can independently cope with the problems that have arisen.

Several monographs have been published on the theory and practice of play psychotherapy. For example, Panfilov’s play therapy has become a real bestseller today. In his book, Panfilov offers an approximate program of play psychotherapy with children and their parents, describes play therapy and examples of therapeutic and developmental games, introduces methods of parental interaction with children prone to anxiety, aggression, and hyperactive children.

Play therapy classes with children help bring the child closer to adults and has a beneficial effect on the child’s personal development, helping him in the process of socialization and mastering social norms.

Play therapy relieves children from the influence of stress factors and traumatic life situations.