Presentation “Types of Sports” presentation for a physical education lesson (grade 2) on the topic

Components of physical education

Sport

Sport is part of physical education. It is characterized by the most effective means and methods of influencing the physical and spiritual spheres of a person. Sport primarily refers to a historically established human activity, the basis of which is competition.

The concept of “sports training” is closely related to the concept of “sport”. This is a set of events that ensures a high level of readiness for competitions and maximum manifestation of the athlete’s capabilities at the time of the main competitions.

The enormous popularity of sport and its role in society are explained by the variety of functions that are inherent in it: in addition to the competitive (main) function, it is also educational, health-improving, cognitive, integrative (unifying), entertainment, and economic functions.

Sports are diverse. It distinguishes sports of the highest achievements (elite sports); mass sports (sport for everyone); professional sports; children's and youth sports associated with elite sports (sports reserves) and mass sports (when solving problems of physical education of children and youth).

Mass sports have the same goals as physical education. Elite sports and professional sports place higher demands on those involved, as they are associated with extreme physical and mental stress.

Physical education

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Physical education standards for schoolchildren in the table, 2019-2020

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Physical education is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. With a lack of movement, the body weakens, and it is physical activity that helps maintain the performance of both the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. During physical education, the child’s body begins to consume much more oxygen than in a calm state, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of all organs. Regular exercise helps increase lung capacity and improve gas exchange, which, in turn, helps the cardiovascular system, lowers blood pressure, and prevents stroke and heart attack.

Physical education standards for schoolchildren in the table, 2019-2020

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Thanks to moderate loads, the body's defenses increase, and this resists respiratory diseases. Physical education develops the will. She teaches you to overcome various difficulties and achieve your goals. These are very important qualities for teenagers, and it is simply necessary for people who are passive by nature.

By playing sports you can strengthen your musculoskeletal system. They have a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system, preventing the development of age-related changes. With moderate training, the flow of lymph to the spine increases, and this is an excellent prevention of osteochondrosis. With the help of physical activity, you can activate the work of the central nervous system, as a result of which not only metabolic but also psychological processes are accelerated. Children involved in physical education can better learn school material. Adults thereby increase their endurance and improve performance.

Why are physical education lessons important at school?

Never before has the problem associated with low physical activity in children and adolescents been as acute as it is today. This is due to many factors, among which is the general fascination of children with computer games and social networks. Parents of the modern children's generation constantly played outdoor games, and now children are only interested in computers. At the same time, physical activity is now experiencing such a deficit that 2-3 physical education classes a week is already a drop in the ocean, which is not capable of influencing the physical development of school students. And if we add to this the increasing statistics of tragic incidents during the passing of standards, then a logical question arises: is it necessary to conduct physical education lessons at school at all? Maybe it’s time to remove them from the school curriculum altogether?

Such a radical approach to eliminating this problem is, of course, unreasonable. Moreover, it can be compared to suggesting the guillotine as a remedy for headaches. It is necessary not to exclude physical education, but to somehow help ensure that it is as useful as possible and the children begin to consider it an integral part of their daily life. For this to happen, fundamental changes must be made to the teaching of such an important subject in schools.

What are the problems in teaching a physics lesson?

Today, physical education in school has to face many problems, namely:

• Outdated teaching methods;
• Lack of professional specialists;
• Lack of funding.

If someone really cares about the health of the younger generation, then it is time to take decisive steps to eliminate the problems of teaching physics in schools, and as soon as possible.

The issue of outdated programs and teaching methods: And this is quite relevant today! A minimum number of students are allocated for physical education classes in schools, and students are required to pass standards, which not everyone can cope with. Apparently, students are expected to train independently after school, which helps improve their athletic performance. However, this approach is nothing other than a utopia, especially considering the current craze of schoolchildren with computer games and the Internet.

Physical education should be aimed not at assessing the physical development of schoolchildren, but at the development itself. Passing the standards from an untrained child will not bring any benefit, but on the contrary, it can harm his health. Unfortunately, recently tragic incidents caused by this have even become more frequent.

What are school standards for physical education?

School standards are not a simple whim of the teacher, but an official requirement of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

The state should be interested in the health of the next generation, and therefore it develops standards that help motivate students to improve their health and develop physical quality. Standards are divided into five types, namely according to physical qualities:

• Endurance;
• Strength;
• Dexterity;
• Flexibility;
• Coordination.

So, to get a good grade in physical education, students must be fully physically developed.

What happens to the standards after they are passed?

After passing the standards and receiving grades, they are sent to statistical data collection centers. There they are processed and averaged. This helps to get a picture of whether the physical development of schoolchildren meets the requirements of the proposed program. If the need arises, the standards can be simplified or complicated, but this depends on the direction of the dynamics. Physiologists use this data to track the age at which children show significant increases in physical performance. In general, standards represent not only an assessment, but also a whole chain of useful data.

Exempting a student from physical education - harm or benefit?

For various reasons, parents try to exempt their child from physical education lessons at school. In particular, some are worried about the health of the child, while others simply do not want their child to have a low grade on their certificate. The basis of any reason should be health problems or poor physical development, which may interfere with the child’s physical education lessons. However, in fact, for students with such problems, on the contrary, physical activity is more beneficial compared to their peers.

Systematic, well-chosen physical exercises and proper nutrition can work real miracles. Moreover, this applies to everyone, especially for children, since their growing body is more susceptible to the beneficial effects of physical education. Taking this into account, parents should not rush to “obtain” the coveted certificate of exemption, which allows them not to go to physical education classes, but instead, it is better to talk with the teacher and find out about health groups or therapeutic exercises, so that physical education becomes an integral part of the little person’s life.

Parents must be persistent in this matter and make every effort in this direction, and then by the end of school, a child who is lagging behind in physical development will be able to receive an excellent grade in the certificate, and, more importantly, good health and excellent physical shape. Isn't this a more valuable reward?! This is especially true for parents of overweight children. Many mothers strive to exempt overweight children from physical education lessons, so that classmates do not laugh at them, but for the child this is a “disservice”! Obese children even more need regular physical activity and outdoor games in physical education.

Standards are developed for all students belonging to the “basic” health group. Students in the “preparatory” group need to take only standards that are not included in the contraindications section. For the “special” group (SMG), there is no provision for passing standards; there is a separate program for it. Ideally, students with health problems should be taught separately, and they should have a special regime.

The importance of physical culture

The system of universal human cultural values ​​includes a high level of health and physical fitness of people. It serves as a kind of basis, without which the process of mastering all other cultural values ​​is ineffective. Health and strength, the beauty of a harmoniously developed human body, good coordination of movements and endurance - isn’t this what young men and women should strive for? Feeling healthy and energetic helps you achieve success in school and work. Physical culture and sports, when used correctly, serve as the most important, if not the only condition for strengthening people's health and achieving physical perfection.

Health

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Physical development

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The influence of physical culture on personality

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What do children do in physical education lessons?

First grade is the time when children are just getting acquainted with school life. Physical education in 1st grade also involves only familiarization with the basic concepts of this subject. In physical education lessons, first-graders mainly learn various outdoor games and relay races. The theoretical component in physical education classes in elementary school is allocated no more than 3–5 minutes, within the framework of the topic of the current lesson.

To develop initial skills and abilities, drill and physical exercises are conducted in physical education lessons aimed at developing simple movements: walking, running, jumping, throwing, climbing, simple acrobatic and dance movements. Children also receive basic knowledge in basketball, volleyball, skiing and swimming.

When holding relay races, outdoor and sports games, the following goals are pursued:

• consolidate formed motor skills,
• develop coordination of movements,
• develop general endurance and flexibility.

In the middle classes, physical education lessons are more sporty. Children improve their physical qualities in the process of athletics, skiing, and gymnastics training. They study in detail the rules of some sports games, their technical and tactical features.

At the same time, it is important to know that students assigned to the main or additional groups due to health reasons may be allowed to attend physical education lessons. The remaining children are exempt from physical education at school and must engage in physical therapy as prescribed by a doctor.

Open lesson in physical education

Physical culture as an academic subject

see Physical education as an academic subject

Categories: Physical education Physical therapy Healthy lifestyle

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