Summary of the Russian language lesson “Generalizing words with homogeneous terms”; Grade 11
Russian language lesson in 11th grade
Topic: Generalizing words with homogeneous terms.
Goals:
- generalize and systematize knowledge about homogeneous members of a sentence and generalizing words with them;
- consolidate the skills and abilities to highlight generalizing words and homogeneous members of a sentence with them;
- develop the skill of constructing reasoning on a linguistic topic;
- to form a personality adapted to the modern information society.
Equipment: Textbook “Russian language. 10-11 grade" Authors: N.G. Goltsova, I.V. Shamshin. Moscow, “Russian Word”, 2005; additional material for work in class; children's presentations and teacher's presentation.
During the classes.
- Org. Moment
- Updating knowledge
Exercise:
place punctuation marks
,
emphasize homogeneous parts of the sentence, explain punctuation marks; give a syntactic description of the last sentence.
Having counted the second room to the left, I entered it and at first did not notice anyone. There was only a bench, two chairs, a table and some plants by the window. A tall, corpulent, elderly and shaven man with white spiky stubble on his chin appeared in the doorway. ...
I timidly sat down on my desk, opened the still empty drawer assigned to me, slammed it again and began to look in front of me.
(N. Krasheninnikov)
Examination:
- Name homogeneous members of the sentence.
— Explain the placement of punctuation marks.
— Check the offer.
Pay attention to the second sentence!!! BUT DON'T SHARPEN MUCH (We'll talk later)
- Explanation of new material.
- Today in the lesson we will repeat and summarize our knowledge about generalizing words and remember what punctuation marks need to be used in this case, consider the use of generalizing words in different styles of speech.
a) Concept
Student presentations.
1.
Generalizing are words or phrases that act as a member of a sentence, which serves as a more general designation of the homogeneous members associated with it.
Between the generalizing word and homogeneous members, semantic relations are established between the generic concept (the grammatical form of its expression is the generalizing word) and specific concepts (the grammatical form of their expression are homogeneous members):
At the following stations they greedily grabbed
all the newspapers : central, local, regional .
V. Ketlinskaya
Between a generalizing word and homogeneous members there can also be relationships between the whole and the part:
Only
the three of us : father, me and Yevseich – were not sad or bored looking at the gray sky.
2.
Homogeneous members specify the content of the concept expressed by a generalizing word, therefore, between it and homogeneous members there is an explanatory connection, which is expressed in the presence or possibility of inserting words, namely, somehow, that is
and etc.
Khor understood
reality , that is : he settled down, saved up some money, got along with the master and other authorities .
Turgenev
Grammatically homogeneous members are clarifying words in relation to the generalizing word and perform the same syntactic function as it, agreeing with it in case.
All
feigned gaiety, self-control, restraint - everything left Titka at that moment.
Sholokhov Let's sum it up
:
- What can we say about homogeneous members of a sentence?
/-A generalizing word is a broad, generic concept, homogeneous members are a narrower, specific concept;
-answers the same question;
-expressed in one word or combination;
-same syntactic role./
b) Punctuation marks for homogeneous parts of a sentence
-Let’s remember what punctuation marks are used for generalizing words.
Student presentations. /Write down only diagrams/
1. (ORAL. Presents a sentence without punctuation marks and asks the guys to place these marks, then asks the correct answer and explains)
All
good:
songs
, and
work
, and
the right
to watch the dawn by the fire. (R. Kazakov)
And in the morning everything
crunching all around: frozen
roads
,
leaves
on the porch, black
stems
sticking out from under the snow. (K. Paustovsky)
2.
No muses, no work, no joy
leisure -
nothing
can replace your only friend. (A. Pushkin)
When Assol decided to open her eyes, swaying
the boats,
the shine of
the waves, the approaching, powerfully tossing
board
of the Secret -
everything
was a dream, where the light and water swayed, swirling, like the play of sunbeams on a wall streaming with rays. (A. Green)
3.
And everything outside: the windows, the skates, and the gates
- trimmed with lace of rough wooden carvings. (B. Polevoy)
Everywhere
: above your head, under your feet and next to you - iron lives, rumbles, celebrating its victories. (M. Gorky)
Teacher's additions.
- Remember the first example.
If the author needs to warn the reader about the subsequent listing, then a colon is inserted.
-What is the name of this sign? Author's
For example: I had at my disposal: castor oil, carbolic acid, iodine. A.I. Kuprin. Olesya
- If the main emphasis is not on enumeration, but on a generalizing word, in which the enumeration is an additional clarification (there is no warning pause), then a dash is placed after the generalizing word and a dash is also placed after homogeneous members. Everyone present
- men, women, children - immediately rushed after him. - If after a generalizing word there are words like this, namely, that is, for example, then a comma is placed before them, and a colon after them.
Old Berestov... did not deny many excellent qualities in him,
for example : rare resourcefulness... (Pushkin “The Young Lady-Peasant”)
- If after homogeneous terms there is an introductory word, then a dash is placed before it and a comma after it.
Among the birds, insects, in the dry grass -
in a word , everywhere, even in the air, the approach of autumn was felt. (Arsenyev)
- If a generalizing word is repeated twice, then a colon is placed after it, and a dash is placed after homogeneous members.
All property:
guns, food, camping equipment, spare clothes - everything that was in the boat was lost. (V.K. Arsenyev)
- Consolidation of acquired knowledge
Explanatory dictation
Write down the sentence:
- In our area there are the following species of deciduous trees: oak, elm, maple, linden, aspen and ash.
- Old, young and children - all equally silent, monotonously calm.
- Pure, immaculate, beautiful, like a bride, stood before him the artist’s work.
/gradation/ - All this: flowers, sparkles, sounds and smells pressed on my eyes.
- In the corner of the living room stood a pot-bellied walnut bureau. /epithets/
- There was no one on the right, nor on the left, nor on the water, nor on the shore.
- The use of homogeneous sentence parts and generalizing words.
Teacher:
What artistic and expressive means are used in these sentences. In what styles of speech are homogeneous members used? Depending on the style of speech, the use of generalizing words with homogeneous terms varies significantly.
Compare sentences 1 and 4. What styles of speech are used here?
In scientific and business language, generalizing words, as a rule, indicate the nearest generic concept, the types of which are listed by homogeneous members. Such a generalizing word stands in front of homogeneous members:
Homogeneous members of a sentence in official business and scientific styles serve for a detailed description of a phenomenon, a portrait, for classification. Scientific speech is characterized by completeness and exhaustiveness of the enumeration, so non-union constructions with a closing conjunction before the last member of the enumeration are common here.
In works of art, such logical use of generalizing words is often obscured and complicated. So, on the one hand, the generalizing word is often not the closest generic concept, but indicates a very broad concept to which homogeneous members are not the closest species, and among themselves they do not act as subordinate concepts. The introduction of two rows of homogeneous members into a sentence can serve as a means of creating contrast. The enumeration of homogeneous members, especially common ones, gives speech intonation fluency and expressiveness.
As in example 4, generalizing words are often extremely broad words: everything, everywhere, everywhere, always, in negation no one, nothing, nowhere, never, etc. They give a shade of expressive emphasis, strengthening of what is expressed in parts by individual homogeneous members: Such generalizing words can also be used after homogeneous members, which is not observed when the generalizing word denotes the nearest generic concept: (example
2)
Generalization of knowledge and skills.
- Summarizing
- Our lesson is coming to an end. In conclusion, we will answer the questions:
1. Let's listen to some texts
2. What punctuation marks do we use for generalizing words?
3. How, depending on the style of speech, the use of generalizing words with homogeneous terms differs.
Answer:
A generalizing word denotes a generic concept, usually in a scientific style, but in artistic speech a generalizing word most often has a fairly broad meaning.
- Homework: Paragraph 79-84, text analysis
The “Word” has come down to us in a single copy of the 16th century. Its fate is tragic: in 1812, this single copy burned down along with all the other most valuable manuscripts from the collection of A.I. Musina-Pushkin in the great Moscow fire. But, fortunately, in 1800 Musin-Pushkin managed to publish it. Thanks to this, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” became a living phenomenon not only of ancient Russian literature, but also of new, and especially modern.
A small monument dedicated to the sad defeat of the Russians in the campaign against the Polovtsians in 1185 turned out to be one of the greatest and most joyful victories of the Russian word.
People of impeccable taste were intoxicated by the beauty of the “Word”: Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Belinsky, Gogol, and in the 20th century - Blok, Bunin and many Soviet poets and writers.
The power of love for the homeland, for the Russian land, captivates the readers of the Lay. This feeling permeates the entire work, appears in every line. It fills the reader’s heart with burning grief when describing the defeat of the Russian army, pride for their homeland when describing the strength and courage of its princes, acute hatred for its enemies in the story of the devastation of the Russian land.
Love for the homeland and the Russian people determined the choice of artistic means in “The Lay”, close to folk art, strengthened the observation of its author, breathed into him genuine poetic animation, and gave high ideological content to his work.
This is why the significance of the “Word” has increased so immensely in our time. That is why it finds such a warm response in the hearts of all people who are selflessly devoted to their homeland. (D. Likhachev)
Exercise:
Determine the style of the text. Indicate the characteristics of the style. What functions do the homogeneous members of the sentence perform in it? Determine the topic and idea of the text. Analyze the syntax and punctuation of this text. What types of complications are found in the text? Explain punctuation marks for homogeneous terms. Parse the highlighted sentence.
Short answer:
This text belongs to the journalistic style of speech. Homogeneous members of a sentence help to increase the information content and imagery of the text. Largely thanks to homogeneous members, the author achieves the greatest emotional impact on the reader and listener.
