Today I would like to talk about the very first games for teaching reading. They are suitable, first of all, for children who still cannot read at all ( you can play from 1.5-2 years old ), but, of course, they will also be useful for those who have already learned a little continuous reading.
I want to say right away that there will be no games here like coloring and modeling all the letters of the alphabet in turn from plasticine. In my previous article, I already wrote that a child who has memorized individual letters using the alphabet or in any other way subsequently experiences many difficulties in combining them into syllables. Therefore, I want to invite you to play not with letters, but immediately with words (MI, BUT, TU...) and short words. With this approach, the child constantly sees ready-made letter combinations before his eyes, plays with them, rearranges them, and, as a result, quickly remembers them . At first, only visually, then he tries to reproduce it himself. As a result, the child does not experience problems with merging letters; he immediately reads the letter. But, interestingly, during such games the child remembers all the letters.
What do you need for games?
So we will play:
- with warehouses (not to be confused with syllables)
The concept of a warehouse was introduced by Nikolai Zaitsev (creator of the well-known Zaitsev cubes). Unlike a syllable, which can consist of either 4 or 5 letters, a warehouse is considered a minimally pronounceable unit. The warehouse can be:
- fusion of consonant and vowel (YES, MI, BE...);
- a separate vowel as a syllable ( YA -MA; KA- YU -TA);
- a separate consonant in a closed syllable (KO- SH -KA; MA-YA- K );
- consonant with a soft or hard sign (Мь, Дъ, Сь...).
In the game you can use both Zaitsev's cubes and cards with warehouses written on them. I’m not going to try to persuade you to buy expensive Zaitsev cubes now. Yes, this is an interesting and useful manual, but if you do not have the opportunity to purchase them, do not worry, you can make a huge number of manuals at home with only cardboard and markers.
- with words written according to the warehouse principle.
You can either write words by hand with a felt-tip pen or print them on a printer. So that the child sees not only the whole word, but also learns to analyze its composition, we will highlight warehouses in it. It is not advisable to separate warehouses using additional signs (separate them with dashes, circle them); it is best to highlight them in different colors. You don’t need to use all the colors of the rainbow; take two colors that are similar in shade, for example, blue and cyan or dark green and light green. You will also need black. We write the first warehouse in one color, the second in another, the next one in the first color again, etc. But! The shock warehouse is always highlighted in black, as it is heard “brighter”.
What words should I write on the cards?
- short (at first no more than 3-5 letters),
- simple (preferably consisting of frequently used letters, Ш and ъ will wait for now),
- familiar and interesting to the child.
The main essence of this approach to teaching reading is to show the child that letters and words are not meaningless squiggles, they represent very specific objects, and you can play with them just like with familiar toys.
Didactic games in literacy lessons
Children are given object pictures, the names of which have certain sounds, for example, p or g. The letters P, G are placed on the typesetting canvas. Each student must match their picture to the corresponding sound.
Game "Who listens better"
The teacher gives instructions: raise your hand only when you hear …
sound.
Game "Chain"
The teacher names any word, and the student names another word with the letter with which the word named by the teacher ends, etc. For example: apple, alder, aster...
Game "Who is more"
The teacher shows a plot picture and asks to name those words that begin (have) a certain sound. For each word the student receives a circle. The one who received the most circles wins.
Game "Sound Clock"
This game allows for a large number of tasks that each teacher can create himself. There are various object pictures on the clock model; you can set the hand to any of them. Tasks can be like this:
- find and name words that have ... sound;
- highlight and name the first and last sound in the word indicated
by the arrow;
- show with arrows the longest and shortest word;
- choose words starting with the same sound as the name of
the given object.
Etc. Game "We are writers"
Teaches and activates children's vocabulary, teaches how to construct sentences correctly. The teacher gives the task: compose a story so that it contains as many words as possible with a given sound. For example, with the sound p.
Dad came home and brought the groceries. Then Pavlik came running. Dad and
Pavlik went for a walk along Pobeda Avenue. were
Games that develop in children the ability to memorize letters and their
alphabetical names.
Game "Half-letter"
Given the elements of the letters, you need to find the missing elements.
Game "Find the letter"
The table contains words and sentences; you need to find the letter. For example, the letter s.
Game “Put the letters correctly”
The letters stand sideways, upside down.
Game "Find a Pair"
Uppercase and lowercase letters are written on the mittens, cut out of thick paper. I hand out the mittens to the students and ask them to find a pair.
Game "Catch a Fish"
In a small aquarium there are “fish”, small cards with printed letters are tied to their tails. The called student “catches” the fish and names the letter, the children, using the letter box, put the same letter on the typesetting canvas. When all the “fish are caught,” the children make up a word (eg, k, o, u, b, n-okun)
Games with syllables
Game "Captains"
For this game you need color drawings of a ship's bay, ships with consonant letters (one side of the ship is painted blue and the other green), maps of the journeys along which the captains lead the ships. The maps show islands with vowel letters. When the boat approaches the island, the captain reads the name of the island ka, ho, ki
If the merger is soft, then we turn the boat to the green side, if the merger is hard, to the blue side. The class completes the merging syllable to form a complete word.
Basic principles of games
There is one very sure way to discourage a child from reading - this is to constantly test him: “Tell me, what letter is this?”, “Read what is written here!” Having shown a letter to a child a couple of times, we expect that by the third time he will already name it, or even better, read the word with its participation. If you want to really interest your child in reading, then put off at least for a while trying to examine your child and just read with him!
It is natural that a child just beginning to become familiar with the world of letters cannot read a word. Therefore, when showing words to your child, do not require him to read, but at first read for him yourself! You can also trace the letters with your baby’s finger. After some time, the child will definitely begin to recognize words and phrases and will repeat them after you.
Sometimes a word needs to be read slowly, highlighting each word in it, sometimes it is necessary to name the entire word so that the baby learns to perceive the words as a single whole.
While reading, you can name individual letters (for example, if you don’t like the warehouse approach), but in this case it is advisable to pronounce not the name of the letter (“el”, “ka”), but the sound that corresponds to this letter (“l”, "To").
Training for grades 1-3. Classroom Rules
Summary of training for primary school students on the formation of rules of behavior in the class “Bird and Chicks”
This training session summary is suitable for psychologists and teachers.
It is intended for use in elementary grades (grades 1-3), in which students violate the rules of answering in class (shout out, behave noisily), and show intemperance during frontal questioning of children. Goal: developing a positive attitude towards learning, learning the importance of rules of behavior at school. Equipment: posters “Bird and chicks in the nest”, “Teacher and students in the classroom” I. Organizational moment. Welcome ritual. Exercise “Find the Common Thing” Presenter: - Hello guys. Let's start our lesson. Today we will talk to you about the school and about you, the students. But first, look at each other. You are all so different and unique! But you have a lot in common. Please stand up, those with brown eyes. Stand up, ice cream lovers. Stand up, those who have pets. Stand up, those who love to play video games. You see, you have a lot in common, so you can easily become friends with each other. II. Main part Exercise “What is the student doing?” Presenter: - Guys, tell me what the student usually does, what he does. (He reads textbooks, writes in notebooks, answers at the blackboard, does homework, etc.). Presenter: - Do you know the game “Crocodile?” In this game you need to show something without words. Now everyone will take turns going to the board and showing, without words and without sign language, something that the student is doing. And we will try to guess what the presenter wished. Try not to repeat the actions! Analysis of the exercise: • Do you think the student does something useless and unnecessary at school? • What's the most fun thing to do at school? What do you like most about school? • Do you feel like going to school during the summer holidays? Exercise “Training by Levitan” Equipment: a small text (5-6 sentences) of any content (story, description of the life of an animal, historical information, etc.) printed on pieces of paper (at least four different texts for a couple of schoolchildren). The text can be taken from children's textbooks (literature, natural history, history, geography, etc.) Presenter: The very famous announcer Yuri Levitan, in order not to make mistakes while recording live, trained his concentration. Divide into pairs. Turn the sheet of text upside down. Read it. First you, then your partner. Now take and turn the second text over. Read it, but your partner will interfere with you in every possible way: clap his hands, sing a song, wave his arms, push, ask questions, etc. Analysis of the exercise: Share your impressions. Is it difficult to read text upside down? Have you been able to read it when you are being disturbed and there is a lot of noise around you? Do you remember what was said in the text? When is it easier to learn information, in a noisy environment or in a quiet, calm one? Is it noisy in your class during class? Which one of you is bothered by this? Motivational conversation “Bird and chicks” (material from the book “Psychology. Grade 2. Developmental activities” Glazunov D.A.) The presenter hangs a poster “Bird and chicks in the nest” on the board.
Presenter: - Look, guys, what I drew for you. This is a tree and on a tree, look... What is this? Nest with small chicks. But the adult bird is probably the mother. The mother brought midges to the chicks to feed them. You see how the chicks open their beaks wide so that their mother puts food there. But in nature, guys, not all chicks get the same amount of food; some chicks starve and may even die. Why? Because each chick wants to get more food from its mother, but they don’t want to share. And they try - they open their beaks wider, push, scream louder than anyone else. The presenter hangs a poster “Teacher and students in the classroom”
Now imagine that the chicks are you, students, the bird is, of course, the teacher, food is the knowledge that the teacher gives. What happens when someone shouts out answers without giving others a chance to think? He takes away their knowledge, does not allow their heads to work! This means he acts like that frisky little bird who takes someone else’s food. Some of you need time to think, others need to find the correct answer themselves, and not receive it in the form of a hint. Is it clear why a teacher gets angry when someone shouts? He, like a mother bird, wants everyone to be fed, not the loudest ones. If you shout, you deprive others of what they came to school for—the opportunity to think. Let's agree that when the teacher hangs up this poster, it means that you cannot shout out answers, you must give everyone the opportunity to think. Game “Prince - on - tiptoe” Presenter: - Now let’s prove that you can be very quiet if you want. Presenter: - Stand up and stretch properly. I want you to show me how you can mysteriously transform a noisy classroom into a magically quiet room. Who wants to be the presenter? It will be the Prince(cess) - on - tiptoe. With silent steps, the Prince will approach one of you, lightly touch you on the shoulder, and then move on to the next person. The one touched by the Prince will follow him just as silently. Everyone who follows the prince must be quieter than a mouse. When you have everyone gathered, take them to the board. Turn to the guys and thank them with a silent bow. After which everyone returns to their places just as quietly. Analysis of the exercise: • Did you like the game? • Is it difficult not to say anything or make noise? • In which class is it easier to study in a noisy or equally quiet class? Presenter: - If the teacher asks for silence in the class, remember this game. Game “Freeze Frame” Presenter: - Guys, remember the game “The Sea is Troubled.” At my command, you must freeze in the pose of what I will call. Let's begin. The sea is worried once, the sea is worried twice, the sea is worried three times, the “bird” figure, freeze. (“lion”, “student”, “balloon”, “friendship”, “silence”, “happiness”). Analysis of the exercise: • Which figures were difficult to show? Why? • Why are the figures of birds, a lion, and a balloon similar for everyone, but friendship and happiness are different? III. Result Presenter: - It's time to say goodbye. Tell me, guys, what did you like most about today's meeting? What did you understand from today's meeting? Ritual of farewell. Game "Applause". Presenter: - Guys, you did a good job today. I want to praise and thank you. To do this, everyone will take turns standing on this chair. The one who did the best work will go first. Let's give him a hearty clap. Thank you! Now let's go... Analysis of the exercise: • Did you like receiving applause? • Do you sometimes receive undeserved applause? • Did you like clapping? How do you show others that you admire them, that you like them? Presenter: For the schoolchild as a memory (excerpt) If you want to answer, don’t make any noise, Just raise your hand. You sit at your desk slenderly and behave with dignity. Sit in class, don't knock or shout. In class, don't chatter like a talking parrot. (S. Marshak) - Goodbye, guys! Behave with dignity in class!
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Games for first-graders
Author: Andrievskaya Natalya Ilyinichna, primary school teacher, KSU “Gymnasium “BEST”, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan. Description of work: this material is intended for primary school teachers. It can be used in lessons, during breaks, at school holidays and extracurricular activities. When a child enters first grade, difficulties may arise. Play is a good way to establish relationships with peers, increase a child’s self-esteem and create positive motivation. Goal: creating conditions for successful adaptation of first-graders Objectives: supporting the child in his desire to become a schoolchild; develop students’ speech and active vocabulary, develop a communicative culture; cultivate love and respect for school, teachers, and classmates.
1. Game “Why do they go to school?” Now let's play. Now I want to know, do you know why the kids go to school? If what I say is correct, you clap your hands. If it's wrong, stomp your foot. They go to school to play. They go to school to read. People go to school to talk to their neighbor at their desk. They go to school to make friends. People go to school to count. They go to school to write. They go to school to learn. They go to school to fight. People go to school to learn something new in class. They go to school to give hints to their classmates. People go to school to show off their outfits. They go to school to complete the teacher's assignments. 2. Game “Alone or in chorus” You know that in class, if you want to answer, you need to raise your hand. But this is not always done. There are such answers where the students answer all together, in chorus, without raising their hands. And now I will ask you questions. Some questions will need to be answered in unison, others not. Be careful. Tell me in unison, how much is 1 + 4? Tell us together: which animal has a long trunk? How many of you know what mushrooms grow in the forest? When do the leaves fall? What brands of passenger cars do you know? What is the name of the fairy tale hero with a long nose? Say it together. What's your favorite toy? In chorus: what day of the week will be after Monday? What boy names do you know? What girls' names do you know? Finish the sentence: Birds can fly, and fish... Together: what is my name? What do you want to become? (the last question is a trap, it cannot be answered in unison) 3. Game “Lesson or Recess” You already know that there are lessons and recesses at school. Students behave differently during lessons and breaks. Now I will name different actions, and you show me when schoolchildren do this - in class or at recess. If you are in class, sit down nicely, back straight, arms in front of you. If we are at recess, we show the movement with our hands. Read. Play. Talk to friends. Ask a friend for an eraser. Write in a notebook. Answer teacher's questions. Solve problems. Get ready for the lesson. There is an apple. 4. Game “Yes - No” Listen carefully to the questions and give the correct answer: either “Yes” or “No”. Shall we wipe our hands on the curtains? Will we keep our books and notebooks in order? Can you write directly on the walls? Do you need to wear replacement shoes? Should we fight during recess? Will we be late for class? Let's try to study well? 5. Word game For each letter of the student’s name, you need to come up with a suitable word. TIMUR T - talented I - intelligent M - wise U - skillful R - joyful You can use words that are meaningful for schoolchildren instead of a name. SCHOOL Ш - step towards knowledge K - culture O - discoveries L - curiosity A - activity 6. Game “Evil Wizard” In one fairy-tale country, an evil wizard bewitched good fairy tales. Almost all the words scattered around the world. And the wizard erased the names of good fairy tales. Only the strongest words remained. Guess the fairy tale. Grandfather Baba hen egg mouse (Hen Ryaba)
goat kids wolf blacksmith ate
(Wolf and seven kids)
fly money market guests spider mosquito
(Fly-tskotukha) 7. Game “Restore the sayings” Live for a century, ... (learn for a century). Learning is light and ignorance is darkness). The earth is illuminated by the sun, ... (and man is illuminated by knowledge). Patience and a little effort).
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Encryptors and radio intelligence. Shield and sword of the information world. Volume 1. Notes of a Cryptographer
The author focuses on things previously hidden from ordinary citizens under a thick veil of secrecy: cryptography, encryption, radio intelligence. And who would have thought that not only the fate of states and the greatest rulers of the world, but also the everyday personal lives of ordinary citizens depend on them.
Just a few years ago, the scenario for the development of events in the information cyberspace of the future, described by the author, seemed fantastic, but today, unfortunately, many of Anatoly Klepov’s predictions and warnings are becoming part of our lives. And what awaits us ahead?
In the near future, will people be able to independently protect themselves from attacks by hackers or criminals? Will one of the attackers take advantage of the opportunity to take control of information and even the consciousness of civilization?!
