Forms of work with preschoolers on early career guidance. methodological development

“Early career guidance for preschoolers as an effective method of improving the quality of education”

REPORT

at the city methodological association of VGO teachers on December 6, 2018.

“Early career guidance for preschoolers as an effective method of improving the quality of education”

Prepared by:

Senior teacher

N.V. Glazyrinna

Verkhniy Ufaley

2018

Early career guidance for preschool children as an effective method of improving the quality of education

Slide 1 Title

Good afternoon, dear colleagues. Today I present the collective work of our kindergarten No. 18 “Cinderella” on the topic: “ Early career guidance for preschoolers as an effective method of improving the quality of education”

Slide 2

The relevance of solving the problem of early career guidance for preschool children.

Updating the preschool education system confronts modern teachers with the task of educating preschoolers with the prerequisites of a “new person”, a competitive personality who successfully realizes himself in a professional environment, possessing the traits of: researchers, inventors, entrepreneurs, innovators.

A child’s entry into the social world is impossible without him mastering initial ideas of a social nature, including familiarization with professions. A person develops everything from childhood, including his professional orientation.

Slide 3

What is career guidance in a preschool educational institution?

This is a system of activities aimed at identifying the personal characteristics, interests and abilities of each child in order to assist him in making a wise choice of profession.

Career guidance

education for pupils has become one of the areas of work of our kindergarten team
.
Slide 4

Problems of early career guidance

Early career guidance for preschoolers is not a new topic. Children have always been introduced to professions. But we decided to develop this topic and work in more depth.

The results of studies by various authors show that the primary professional choice often occurs before the age of 7 years. Of course, in most cases, children subsequently change this first choice. In preschool age, professions are chosen mainly that somehow capture the child’s imagination: athlete, musician, veterinarian, teacher.

As practice shows, family plays a huge role in choosing a future profession. Often children are guided by the professions of relatives: I will be a driver, like dad...

Slide 5

The purpose of our work:

generalization of knowledge about professions in the process of joint and independent activities of children through “immersion” in real practical situations.

Tasks

career guidance work, you also see on the slide.

To organize work on early career guidance, we have developed a Career Guidance Program,

which covers the entire preschool age, from the first junior group to preparatory. The program contains tasks for each age period; a long-term work plan for the year to familiarize yourself with professions in each age group. The appendix contains GCD notes and other teaching materials.

Workshop “Early career guidance for preschool children as a condition for successful social development”

Bibliographic description:

Lyaligina, Yu. A. Workshop “Early career guidance of preschool children as a condition for successful social development” / Yu. A. Lyaligina. — Text: direct // Questions of preschool pedagogy. — 2020. — No. 6 (33). — P. 6-7. — URL: https://moluch.ru/th/1/archive/170/5294/ (access date: 10.10.2020).


“Teaching experience – what is it?” K. D. Ushinsky explained: “More or less facts of education, but, of course, if these facts remain only facts, then they do not provide experience. They must make an impression on the mind of the educator, qualify in it according to their characteristic features, generalize, and become a thought. And this thought, and not the fact itself, will become the correct educational activity.”

A workshop is one of the forms of methodological work in a preschool educational institution, as it helps to systematically study the problem under consideration, support theoretical material with examples from practice, and demonstrate individual techniques and ways of working.

On March 12, 2020, a regional workshop “Early career guidance for preschool children as a condition for successful social development” was held at our Kindergarten No. 237 of JSC Russian Railways. The purpose of this event is to increase the level of theoretical and practical training of educators, improve the practical skills necessary in introducing preschool children to adult professions.

Teachers from different gardens in the region took part in the seminar. The seminar program was rich and varied. Guests were invited to travel by train through the stations. At the beginning of the trip, the teachers purchased tickets at the “ticket office”, where the cashier was the teacher and the child of the older group. And so the journey began!

The “chief of the train” was the head of the kindergarten.

Guests had to make stops at 9 stations. Each station is a group, a music room, a gym and a teaching room. At each station they were met by a “conductor”. The guides were teachers and children of the senior and middle groups. At each station, guests were introduced to the group and career guidance games.

The final station was the music hall. Teachers and children of Kindergarten No. 237 prepared a musical card. The flash mob “Railway” was performed, and the anthem of the preschool educational institution “Romance of the Railways” was played.

As part of the dissemination of pedagogical experience, teachers presented meaningful material in presentations and films.

1. “Interaction with parents on early career guidance in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard of Education”: parents working on the railway actively help us conduct excursions to the railway station, station, PCH office, where they tell the children about their work, the children listen with great interest and are watching. “Meetings with interesting people” have become a tradition, in which parents, station workers, railway workers and many others are involved. We invite parents to open days, to conduct classes, to tell parents stories about everyday life in railway transport in order to familiarize children with railway professions. Our parents also actively help in conducting classes on railway professions. The parents found this topic close and very interesting. Throughout the year, each parent tells their children about their profession. Parents actively participate in the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the railway. One of the most successful and interesting forms of work, in our opinion, is drawing and craft competitions on a railway theme, where children and their parents take an active part. Our kindergarten is attended by children whose grandparents and even great-grandparents are railway workers, so another area of ​​work with parents is family railway pedigrees, which teach children to be proud of the profession of a railway worker. Children especially enjoy albums about railway dynasties, which they design together with their parents. Showing the album in kindergarten, children are proud of their families and feel like part of a labor dynasty. Working in this direction, we hold exhibitions of children’s works for parents on the topics: “My railway”, “My parents are railway workers”, “Drawing railway transport”. We are preparing folders for parents “What to tell children about the railway.” The railway song festival is very popular, during preparation for which our parents found many songs for us and performed them with pleasure.
2. “Excursion as a form of work with preschool children on early career guidance”: this form of work with children, such as an excursion, clearly shows work on railway transport.
3. “Early career guidance for preschoolers through didactic games in the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education”: the leading role of preschool education is play, and therefore in our kindergarten there are a lot of different games on railway themes, so that from an early age, children know and understand what a railway is and What are the railway professions?
4. “Physical education and health work on early career guidance for preschoolers in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education”: in order for a child to develop healthy and strong, a health program is needed, which is conducted in our kindergarten, aimed at strengthening the health of children. These are various sports activities, entertainment, hardening, a health path, vitaminization and much more.
5. "The railway through time and distance." This presentation told and showed the history of the development of the Trans-Baikal railway, the very first trains, stations, by whom and when construction began, here is a brief description from the archive: “The construction of the road took place on the scale of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1895–1905. Both the local population and specialists from the European part of Russia took part in the work. Construction was very difficult: swampy terrain, permafrost, difficult terrain crossed by rivers and ridges, low temperatures in winter, natural disasters. In January 1900, temporary train movement had already begun. In 1922 it became part of the Siberian Railways District. In 1923, the Transbaikal Railway became an independent division. In 1925 it was supplemented with Chitinskaya. In 1936–1943 was called Molotov. In 1959, the Amur Railway was annexed to the Trans-Baikal Railway.”
6. “We are all actors” is a new direction in our work on additional education. The teacher, together with the children, created a film on the topic “Safety on the Railway”, where the children themselves played the main roles and sang songs. A huge amount of preliminary work was done. The children, together with the teacher, came up with a plot, chose a role for themselves, and learned the words of the song. And most importantly, the children learned all the rules of conduct on the railroad.

Following the results of the seminar, the majority of participants expressed their readiness to put into practice the experience gained, noted the need for career guidance work with preschoolers, and also shared their impressions of the seminar.

Key terms
(automatically generated)
: kindergarten, child, railway, parent, early career guidance for preschoolers, form of work, preschool age, railway theme, music room, early career guidance.

Early career guidance for preschoolers

Today, the issue of career guidance for children is raised quite often in the literature. After all, work is the basis of our life, our well-being. But when it comes to early career guidance, some gaps and questions arise here: “is it possible to observe the prerequisites for professional activity in a child?”, “at what age does a preschooler express self-expression for work?”

Let's start with what is early career guidance for children?

Early vocational guidance for preschoolers is understood as specially organized informing preschoolers about the world of professions through play activities that create in children a certain experience of professional actions and professional behavior.

Today, there are not many methods and diagnostics for identifying the characteristics and inclinations of a child of preschool age in the labor sphere:

• Professional questionnaire E.A. Klimov “Determining the type of future profession.” The methodology is based on the classification of professional interests. Allows you to determine in which area it is best for a high school student to choose a specialty in which he will undergo vocational training after school.
• Benefit V.P. Kondrashov “Introduction of preschool children into the world of professions”;
• Methodology L.V. Kutsakova “Professional activities of adults.”

To understand the essence of early career guidance, it is necessary to reveal to children the concept of “the world of adults.” In pedagogy, there are various definitions that reveal the concept of “adult world” as:

• the source of development of the child’s personality;
• system of interpersonal relations;
• the basis for the emergence of the child’s subjective world;
• model of assimilation of social norms;
• a carrier of certain types of social activities;

Early (children's) career guidance is carried out in advance, when there are still many years left before the actual choice of profession.

Mainly it is of an informational nature (general acquaintance with the world of professions), and also does not exclude a joint discussion of the child’s dreams and experiences acquired in some types of work activity (in terms of self-care, when working in the country, activities in a circle, etc. .). In such a professional consultation, it is quite possible to use psychodiagnostic techniques, but not so much to draw up professional consultation recommendations, but to increase the child’s interest in his psychological qualities and their development.

Preparation for choosing a profession is an integral part of the comprehensive and harmonious development of the individual, and it should be considered in unity and interaction with the moral, labor, intellectual, political, aesthetic and physical improvement of the individual, that is, with the entire system of the educational process. In preschool age, and, consequently, in kindergarten and family, children learn about the diversity of the world of professions, i.e. This period is considered as a preparatory period, in which the foundations for professional self-determination in the future are laid.

E.A. Klimov in his research reveals the concept of “professional self-determination” and characterizes the pre-professional ontogenesis of a person as a subject of labor. According to this theory, play at the age of 3 to 6-8 years is considered as a way of mastering the “basic meanings” of human activity, as well as the first acquaintance with specific professions (playing driver, doctor, salesman, teacher, etc.).

His works prove that even with preschool children, adults should organize not only play, but also accessible forms of self-care work. In this case, the development of personality qualities important for future professional activity does not occur spontaneously, but requires special pedagogical efforts, organization of the child’s work activity, accessible to his age.

The scientific literature confirms the connection between the development of the motivational sphere, perception, and arbitrariness of a child’s behavior, which are formed in preschool age, and the emergence of motives associated with children’s interest in the world of adults, with their desire and desire to be like them, the acceptance of the image of an adult, his qualities , the desire to manifest them in the cultural practices of childhood.

Taking into account the various characteristics of the adult world in the works of scientists, we concluded that the child identifies the image of an adult as a bearer of professional values, perceives him as a role model, and shows interest in the profession through an adult. The child’s commitment to the adult world becomes the determining factor that encourages him to make early professional aspirations.

List of sources used:

1. Kovaleva, N.K. Early career guidance. Doshkolenok.ru. Website for kindergarten teachers / Regional Education Center in Khabarovsk (date of access: 06/11/2020).
2. Kondrashov, V.P. Introduction of preschoolers to the world of professions: educational and methodological manual / V.P. Kondrashov. - Balashov: Nikolaev Publishing House, 2004. - 52 p.
3. Bespalova, N.S. Diagnostics of the development of labor skills in preschool children [Electronic resource]: teacher’s portal/ Access mode: https://www.uchportal.ru/publ/23-1-0-7730 (access date 06/12/2020).
4. Kubaichuk, N.P. Issues of early career guidance for preschool children [Text] // Problems and prospects for the development of education: materials of the VI international. scientific conf. Perm, April 2020 – Perm: Mercury, 2020. - pp. 97-101.
5. Klimov, E.A. Psychology of professional self-determination / E.A. Klimov. – Rn/D, 1996. – P.506.

Possible problems

They arise through the fault of teachers or other employees of preschool educational institutions. They are not interested in teaching their children new professions, preferring to do routine work. They don't care about the fate of the kids. The most popular problems of career guidance for preschoolers:

• the work of teachers is not aimed at the modern market and current professions;
• Children’s potential cannot be realized due to the lack of necessary equipment in kindergartens for conducting play situations or role-playing games;
• lack of understanding on the part of parents of the need for this system of activities;
• the system of introducing preschoolers to the world of professions is poorly developed;
• there is no acceptable work of a kindergarten in this direction, a lack of qualified employees who could implement this.

Some staff are unwilling to provide a differentiated approach to teaching children. As a result, the child develops disgust, sometimes even hatred, towards the learning process. He does not understand why he needs to study, thinking that he is doing it for the sake of his parents and good grades. And when he graduates from school, he is lost and does not know where to go, who he wants to become and what he is going to do in life.