Phraseologisms in elementary school
Phraseologisms
Phraseologisms
they call stable combinations of words, figures of speech such as: “knuckle down”, “hang your nose”, “give a headache”... A figure of speech, which is called a phraseological unit, is indivisible in meaning, that is, its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words. It only works as a single unit, a lexical unit.
Phraseologisms
- these are popular expressions that do not have an author.
The meaning of phraseological units
is to give an emotional coloring to an expression, to enhance its meaning.
Signs of phraseological units
- Phraseologisms usually do not tolerate the replacement of words and their rearrangements, for which they are also called stable phrases
.
Through thick and thin
you cannot say
no matter what happens to me
or
no matter what happens
, but
take care of it like the pupil of your eye
instead of
cherish it like the apple of your eye
.
There are, of course, exceptions: puzzle
or
to break one's head
,
to catch one by surprise
and
to be taken by surprise
, but such cases are rare.
- Many phraseological units can be easily replaced with one word:
headlong
- fast,
close at hand
- close.
- The most important feature of phraseological units is their figurative and figurative meaning.
Often a direct expression turns into a figurative one, expanding the shades of its meaning.
Bursting at the seams
- from the tailor's speech acquired a broader meaning - to fall into decay.
Confound
- from the speech of railway workers it passed into general use in the meaning of causing confusion.
Examples of phraseological units and their meanings
beat the bucks
- to sit back
Beleny to overeat
- to go berserk (applies to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday
- never
Anika the warrior
- a braggart, brave only in words, far from danger
Give a head wash (bath)
- to soap the neck, head - to strongly scold
White crow
- a person who stands out sharply from the environment due to certain qualities
To live like a Biryuk
- to be gloomy, not to communicate with anyone
To throw down the gauntlet
- to challenge someone to an argument, competition (although no one throws down gloves)
A wolf in sheep's clothing
- evil people pretending to be kind who are hiding under the mask of meekness
Soar in the clouds
- blissfully dream, fantasize about who knows what
The soul is on the heels
- a man who is afraid, afraid
Do not regret the
- sacrifice life
Hack on the nose
- remember firmly and firmly
Make an elephant out of a mole
- turn a small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter
- to get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the ends of the earth
- somewhere very far
In seventh heaven
- to be in complete delight, in a state of supreme bliss
You can’t see anything
- it’s so dark that you can’t see the path, paths
Rush headlong
- act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a pound of salt
- get to know each other well Good
riddance
- go away, we can manage without you
Work with your sleeves rolled up
- work hard, with diligence
Phraseologisms with the word “WATER”
Storm in a teacup
– great excitement over an insignificant matter
It’s written on water with a pitchfork
– it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two” You can’t
spill water
– great friends, about strong friendship
Carrying water in a sieve
– wasting time, doing useless things business Similar: pound water in a mortar
Put water in your mouth
- remains silent and does not want to answer
Carry water (on someone)
- burden him with hard work, taking advantage of his flexible character
Bring it to light
- expose dark deeds, convict him of a lie
Get away with it water
- to remain unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water
- meaning the ease with which it is spent
Blowing on water, having been burned on milk
- to be too careful, remembering past mistakes
Like looking into water
- as if he knew in advance, foresaw, exactly predicted events
How he sank into the water
- disappeared, disappeared without a trace, disappeared
Like someone lowered into the water
- sad, sad
Like water through his fingers
- the one who easily escapes persecution
Like two peas in a pod
- very similar, indistinguishable
If you don’t know the ford, you won’t get into the water
- a warning not to take hasty actions
Like a fish in water
- to feel confident, very well oriented, to understand something well,
Like water off a duck's back
- a person doesn't care about anything
Much water has flown under the bridge since then
- a lot of time has passed
Carrying water in a sieve
- wasting time
Seventh water on jelly
- a very distant relationship
Hide ends in water
- hide traces of a crime
Quieter than water, below the grass
- behave modestly, inconspicuously
Pound water in a mortar
- do a useless task.
Phraseologisms with the word “NOS”
It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning. The nose is an organ of smell, but in stable phrases the nose is associated primarily with the idea of something small and short. Remember the fairy tale about Kolobok? When the Fox needed Kolobok to come within her reach and get closer, she asks him to sit on her nose. However, the word nose does not always refer to the organ of smell. It also has other meanings.
Mutter under your breath
- grumble, grumble, mumble indistinctly.
Lead by the nose
- this phrase came to us from Central Asia.
Visitors are often surprised how small children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child leading him by the rope. The fact is that the rope is threaded through a ring located in the camel's nose. Here you want it, you don’t want it, but you have to obey! Rings were also put into the noses of bulls to make their disposition more docile. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill his promise, then he is also said to be “led by the nose.” To turn one's nose up
means to be unjustifiably proud of something, to boast.
Notch on the nose
- Notch on the nose means: remember firmly, once and for all.
It seems to many that this was said not without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. Unnecessary fear. The word nose here does not mean the organ of smell at all, but just a memorial tablet, a tag for notes. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such tablets with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches and cuts. These tags were called noses. Nodding off
means falling asleep.
Curious Varvara's nose was torn off at the market
- don't interfere in someone else's business.
On the nose
- this is how they talk about something that is about to happen.
Not seeing beyond your own nose
means not noticing your surroundings.
Don't poke your nose into someone else's business
- in this way they want to show that a person is overly, inappropriately curious, interfering in what he shouldn't.
Nose to nose
- on the contrary, close.
Keep your nose in the wind
- in the glorious times of the sailing fleet, movement on the sea was completely dependent on the direction of the wind and the weather.
No wind, calm - and the sails drooped, more like a rag. A nasty wind blows into the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but about dropping all the anchors, that is, “standing at anchor” and removing all the sails so that the air flow does not throw the ship ashore. To go out to sea, a fair wind was required, which inflated the sails and directed the ship forward into the sea. The vocabulary of sailors associated with this received imagery and entered our literary language. Now “keeping your nose to the wind” - in a figurative sense, means adapting to any circumstances. “Drop anchor”, “become anchored”
- stop in motion, settle somewhere;
“Sitting by the sea and waiting for the weather”
is an inactive expectation of change;
“In full sail”
- move towards the intended goal at full speed, as quickly as possible;
Wishing
someone
a “fair wind” Hanging his nose or Hanging his nose
- if suddenly a person is depressed or just sad, it happens about him that they say that he seems to be “hanging his nose,” and they can also add: “by a fifth.”
Quinta, translated from Latin, means “fifth.” Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, call this the first string of a violin (the highest one). When playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression “hanging your nose on a fifth,” perfected among musicians, entered fiction. Left with nothing
- without what you expected.
Right under your nose
- close.
To show your nose
is to tease someone by putting your thumb to your nose and waving your other finger.
With a gulkin's nose
- very little (a gulkin is a dove, a dove has a small beak).
To poke your nose into other people's affairs
- to be interested in other people's affairs.
To leave with your nose
- the roots of the expression “to leave with your nose” are lost in the distant past.
In the old days, bribery was very common in Rus'. Neither in institutions nor in court was it possible to achieve a positive decision without an offering, a gift. Of course, these gifts, hidden by the petitioner somewhere under the floor, were not called the word “bribe.” They were politely called "bring" or "nose". If the manager, judge or clerk took the “nose”, then one could be sure that the case would be resolved favorably. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official or the offering had already been accepted from the opposite party), the petitioner went home with his “nose”. In this case, there was no hope for success. Since then, the words “to go away with your nose” have come to mean “to suffer defeat, fail, lose, stumble, without achieving anything. Wipe your nose
- if you manage to surpass someone, they say that you wiped your nose.
To bury your nose
is to immerse yourself completely in some activity.
Well-fed, drunk and with tobacco on his nose
- means a satisfied and contented person.
Phraseologisms with the word “MOUTH, LIPS”
The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the process of speaking. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a number of stable expressions one way or another indicate this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.
You can't put it in your mouth
- they say if the food is not tasty.
Lip is not a fool
- they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Silencing someone
means preventing them from speaking.
Porridge in the mouth
- a person speaks slurred.
There was no poppy dew in the mouth
- this means that the person has not eaten for a long time and needs to be fed urgently.
The milk on the lips has not dried
- they say that if they want to show that someone is still young and inexperienced.
Taking water into your mouth
means silencing yourself.
To pout your lips
is to be offended.
To open your mouth
is to freeze in amazement at something that has captured your imagination.
Your mouth is full of trouble
- they say if there are so many things to do that you don’t have time to cope with them.
A wide open mouth
is a sign of surprise.
Phraseologisms with the word “HAND”
Be at hand
- to be available, to be in close proximity
Warm your hands
- take advantage of the position
Hold in your hands
- do not give free rein, hold in strict obedience
As if removed by hand
- quickly disappeared, passed On
in your arms
- to show special affection, attention, appreciate, pamper
Without laying down your
hand - to work hard
To turn up at hand
- to accidentally be nearby
To fall under a hot hand
- to run into a bad mood
The hand does not rise
- it is in no way possible to perform an action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand
- holding hands, together, in unison
A hand washes a hand
- connected by common things people protect each other with their interests
Hands don’t reach
- there’s no strength or time to do something
Hands itch
- about a great desire to do something Just
a stone’s throw away
- very close, very close
Grab it with both hands
- gladly agree with some proposal
With someone else’s hands to rake in the heat
- to use the fruits of someone else's work
Golden hands
- about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any work
Phraseologisms with the word “HEAD”
Wind in my head
- an unreliable person.
It slipped my mind
- I forgot.
My head is spinning
- there are too many things to do, responsibilities, information.
Giving your head to be cut off
means promising.
Out of the blue
- unexpected.
To fool one's head is
to deceive, to divert from the essence of the matter.
Don't lose your head
- be responsible for your actions.
Examine from head to toe
- everything, carefully, carefully.
Headlong
- risky.
If they don't pat you on the head
, they'll scold you.
From a sore head to a healthy one
- blame someone else.
Upside down
- the opposite.
To rack your brains over a task
is to think hard.
Headlong
- very quickly.
Phraseologisms with the word "EAR"
The word ear is included in phraseological units that are somehow related to hearing. Harsh words primarily affect the ears. In many established expressions, the word ears does not mean the organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror in this case is not allowed!
Be careful
- a person tensely awaits danger.
Vostry is an old form of the word acute. Prick up your ears
and listen carefully.
A dog's ears are pointed and the dog erects its ears when listening. This is where the phraseological unit arose. You can't see your ears
- they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
To be deeply immersed in something
is said to a person if he is completely absorbed in some activity.
You can be deeply in debt – if there are a lot of debts. Blushed to the ears
- they say when a person is very embarrassed.
Loose ears
- this is what they say about a person who listens to someone too trustingly.
Listening with all your ears
means listening carefully.
Listen with half an ear or listen out of the corner of your ear
- listen without much attention.
Ears wither
- it’s extremely disgusting to listen to anything.
It hurts the ears
- they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.
Phraseologisms with the word “TOOTH”
There are quite a large number of stable expressions with the word tooth in the Russian language. Among them there is a noticeable group of phraseological units in which teeth act as a kind of weapon of defense or attack, threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable human conditions.
To be in the teeth
- to impose, to bother.
Armed to the teeth
- they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
Talking with your teeth
is a distraction.
Tit for tat
- abusive (tendency to abuse), unyielding, “as it comes back, so it will respond.”
A tooth doesn't touch a tooth
- they say if someone is frozen from extreme cold or from trembling, excitement, or fear.
To give a tooth
is to mock, to ridicule someone.
To eat with a tooth
- to drive, to squeeze.
To bare your teeth
is to mock.
Eating teeth
means gaining experience.
Scratching your teeth
means talking nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on your teeth
- find out, try it directly.
Something is too tough for someone
- it’s difficult to bite off, it’s beyond your strength, beyond your abilities.
There is nothing to put on the tooth
- they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not even a blow
- absolutely nothing (not knowing, not understanding, etc.).
To look someone in the mouth
is to find out everything about a person.
To raise a tooth
is to mock.
Showing your teeth
means demonstrating your evil nature, your desire to quarrel, to threaten someone.
Putting your teeth on a shelf
means starving when there is no food left in the house.
To speak through teeth
is to barely open your mouth, with reluctance.
To grit your teeth
- without despondency, without despair, begin the fight.
To sharpen or have a grudge against someone
is to be angry, to strive to cause harm.
Phraseologisms with the word “CHEST, BACK”
The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are also positively colored phraseological units with the word back.
Stand up or stand with your chest for someone or something
- rise to the defense, defend steadfastly.
Riding on someone’s back
means achieving your goals by using someone to your advantage.
They bend their back
- to work, or to bow.
Hunch your back
- work.
To ride on someone's back
is to use someone for some of your own purposes.
To do something behind someone’s back
- so that he doesn’t see, doesn’t know, secretly from someone.
Place your hands behind your back
- cross them at the back.
On your own back (to experience, to learn something)
- from your own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, adversities that you yourself had to endure.
A knife in the back or a stab in the back
is a treacherous, treasonous act, a blow.
Turn your back
- leave, leave to the mercy of fate, stop communicating with someone.
To pave the way with one's chest
means to achieve a good position in life; he achieves everything through hard work and overcomes all the difficulties that befall him.
Hiding behind someone else's back
- shifting your duties or responsibilities to someone else.
To work without straightening your back
is diligent, diligent, hard and hard.
They can be used to praise a roughly working person. Straighten your back
- gain self-confidence, cheer up.
Show your back
- leave, run away.
To stand behind someone's back
is to secretly, secretly lead someone.
Phraseologisms with the word “LANGUAGE”
Language is another word often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of the ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of speaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.
Run with your tongue out
- very fast.
Keep your mouth shut
- remain silent, do not say too much;
be careful in your statements. Long tongue
- they say if a person is a talker and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked it with its tongue
- about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find a common language
- achieve mutual understanding.
Step on the tongue
- silence.
Hanging your tongue on your shoulder
means you are very tired.
To get on the tongue
is to become the subject of gossip.
Bite your tongue
- shut up, refrain from speaking.
Loosen the tongue
- encourage someone to talk;
give someone the opportunity to speak. To loosen one's tongue
- without restraining oneself, losing control over oneself, blurting out, saying unnecessary things.
A peck on your tongue
is an angry wish to an angry chatterbox.
To pull your tongue
is to say something that is not entirely appropriate to the situation.
To shorten the tongue
- to make someone silent, to prevent insolence from speaking, unnecessary things.
Scratch your tongue (scratch your tongue)
- talk in vain, engage in chatter, talk idle.
To scratch one's tongue
- to gossip, to slander.
The devil pulled his tongue
- an unnecessary word escapes from the tongue.
A tongue without bones
- they say if a person is talkative.
Your tongue is slurred
—you can’t say anything clearly.
The tongue is stuck to the larynx
- suddenly become silent, stop speaking.
Swallow your tongue
- shut up, stop talking (about someone’s reluctance to talk).
The tongue is well-spoken
- they say about a person who speaks freely and fluently.
Phraseologisms with the word “LITTLE”
Almost
- about, almost
Small spool, but expensive
- value is not determined by size
Small is small
- one is smaller than the other (about children)
A small bird, and a sharp nail
- insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for its qualities
A small dog until old age, a puppy
- a person of small stature always seems younger than his age, does not make a solid impression
You never know
- 1. anything, any 2. not significant, not important 3. excitement, what if...
Little by little
- slowly, little by little
Little by little
- slowly
From small to large
- all ages
Small (drink)
- a little, a small portion
Play small
- make a small bet (in games)
From an early age
- from childhood
The smallest
- an insignificant part of something.
Correct and appropriate use of phraseological units gives speech special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.
The origin of phraseological units in the Russian language
- Most of the phraseological units came from songs, fairy tales, parables, proverbs of the Russian people, folk speech: with all your might, wherever your eyes look, pay with your head, shed burning tears...
- Some of the phrases from the speech of people of different professions: as if it were a breeze (doctor), look with all eyes (border guard), salivating (cook)…
- Often phraseological units are associated with the names of animals (the cat cried, the chickens did not peck).
- Many phraseological units were born in fiction, biblical tales, mythology and only then came into the language. For example, “monkey labor” (useless labor).
- They are called catchphrases or aphorisms.
- The wealth of Russian phraseology is presented in dictionaries and reference books.
- Among phraseological units of the Russian language, as well as between words, there are antonyms:
- Raise to the skies - trample into the dirt.
- You can't see anything - at least collect needles.
- The cat cried - the chickens didn’t peck.
