The Internet as a global information system Olga Vladimirovna Zvereva, MKOU “Tyagunskaya Secondary School”, Altai Territory, Zarinsky District. - presentation

Presentation on computer science on the topic “What is an information system”

What is an information system

© Ageychev.RF 2003-201
9

Information system

(IS) -
a set of

information
contained in databases , as well as information
technologies
and
technical means
that ensure information processing.

Nowadays, no one will be surprised by the fact that people use computers to obtain reference information. You may have visited shopping centers where salespeople use a computer to check the availability of the desired product. Some centers provide access to help computers (called terminals) to visitors. At railway or airline ticket offices, cashiers use a computer to find out if the ticket you need is available. In hotels, the computer helps you find out about the availability of rooms, as well as book you a room for the desired date. All of the listed examples relate to the same area of ​​​​use of computer technology, which is called information systems.

The spread of information systems began with

• Applications of computers (electronic computers) of the third generation with external memory devices on magnetic disks.
• The use of multi-user multitasking mode of operation on a computer, when many users simultaneously access one machine through personal terminals - devices for input and output of information (keyboard and monitor).
• Development of network technologies.

The largest information systems operate on the basis of global computer networks.

operating modes were provided by operating systems.

The development of network technologies gave a powerful impetus to the spread of information systems. Within one enterprise or institution, information systems operate on the basis of a corporate network.

In this case, all information can be concentrated on one node, and it is also possible that different parts of public data are stored on different network nodes.

An example is “Polet-Sirena” - an air transport information system, the main page of which is shown in Fig. 1.9. Any computer connected to the Internet can serve as an access terminal to this system. However, there are many “global” information systems that are not general, but have limited access and scale - these are corporate systems. They can unite local networks of enterprises of one department and contribute to their overall effective management within the region, ministry, etc.

An example of an air transport information system “Polet-Sirena”.

The basis of the information system is the Database
.
The basis of the information system is the Database.

Databases at the level of initial presentation were discussed in the 8th grade computer science course.

Areas of application of information systems

Information retrieval systems

- designed to search for information contained in various databases, various computer systems, separated over considerable distances.

The oldest and most traditional type of information systems are information and reference information,

or
information retrieval systems (
IRS). The main goal in using such systems is to promptly receive answers to user requests online. A characteristic property of an information retrieval system is a large volume of stored data and its constant updating. Typically, the user wants to quickly receive an answer to his request, so the quality of the system is largely determined by the speed of searching for data and issuing an answer. When working with IRS, complex data processing methods are rarely used. An example of a reference system is the information retrieval system of a large library, which allows you to determine the availability of the desired book or make a selection of literature on a given topic. Internet search engines are information retrieval systems for network resources.

Automated control systems (ACS)

Automated control systems are a multifunctional information system

,
used in enterprise management
.

Enterprise management constantly has to make management decisions. The correctness of these decisions depends on the completeness and efficiency of the manager receiving the necessary information: about financial and material resources, about personnel, about vehicles and much more. All this information in most modern enterprises is stored in a database and is provided upon employee requests by an automated information system. At the same time, the computer can perform quite complex data processing based on the mathematical models embedded in it. These can be technological or economic calculations, i.e. the computer takes on certain engineering functions. Large automated control systems provide management of enterprises, energy systems, and even entire industries.

Computer communication systems

The training system database contains educational information. There are many training programs for almost all school subjects and a number of vocational courses. More complex are training systems that use the capabilities of computer networks. In a local network, you can organize training with elements of student interaction, using a competitive form or a business game form.

An example of a system is training programs on a PC, with which the user works individually.

Distance learning systems

Distance education is called education XXI

century. There are already distance learning departments at many leading universities in the country, and an international system of distance education is being formed. Such systems provide access to quality education for all people, regardless of their place of residence, age, or possible physical limitations. High-speed communication systems in combination with multimedia technology make it possible to organize training in real time (online), conduct remote lectures, seminars, conferences, take tests and exams.

Distance learning systems provide access to quality education for all people, regardless of their place of residence, age, or possible physical limitations.

Geographic information systems (GIS)

are based on maps of territories.

A large amount of information people need is tied to geographic maps. This is information about the location of various organizations, shops, cultural institutions, hospitals, etc. in the city. Information necessary for the work of geologists, builders, transport workers, and tourists is associated with maps. For example, there is an electronic state land cadastre of the Russian Federation -

an information system containing a register of information about land in economic circulation (agricultural, industrial, etc.).
Obviously, it was impossible to create such a cadastre without reference to a map. Another example of GIS familiar to many of you is the GISmeteo information system,
which allows you to receive weather reports around the world (Fig. 1.10).

Information system YandexWeather,

allowing you to receive weather reports around the world.

Expert systems -

systems based on knowledge models in specific subject areas.

The information basis of the expert system is the knowledge base. Knowledge base -

This is a formalized system of knowledge of a highly qualified specialist in a certain subject area. An expert system is used to advise the user, to help make complex decisions, and to solve poorly formalized problems. Examples of problems that can be solved with the help of expert systems are: establishing a diagnosis of a patient; determining the causes of malfunctions of complex equipment (for example, aircraft); recommendations for troubleshooting; determining the likely consequences of a management decision, etc. Expert systems are often included in automated control systems as subsystems.

Knowledge base -

This is a formalized system of knowledge of a highly qualified specialist in a certain subject area.

The information basis of the expert system is the knowledge base. Knowledge base -

This is a formalized system of knowledge of a highly qualified specialist in a certain subject area. An expert system is used to advise the user, to help make complex decisions, and to solve poorly formalized problems. Examples of problems that can be solved with the help of expert systems are: establishing a diagnosis of a patient; determining the causes of malfunctions of complex equipment (for example, aircraft); recommendations for troubleshooting; determining the likely consequences of a management decision, etc. Expert systems are often included in automated control systems as subsystems.

Concepts learned

Questions and tasks

• What are the main features of a modern information system?
• What types of information systems are, for example, the following systems:

• weather forecast system for various regions of the country;
• automatic testing system for preparing for the Unified State Examination;
• dispatch system of a large airport;
• diagnostic system in a cardiology clinic?

• Think of possible areas for using information systems in school activities. What types of IP does each of the systems you come up with belong to? BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Semakin I.G., Textbook for grade 11 “Informatics and ICT”: Chapter 1. Information systems and databases.
• Ageychev.rf

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