Outline of a lesson on appliqué, modeling (junior group) on the topic: Summary of GCD in the educational field “Artistic and aesthetic development” (modeling) “Autumn tree”, for an early age group

Modeling for kids: why do kids need modeling?

Modeling is a type of visual activity for a child. Classes with plasticine, dough, and mass enrich the baby’s sensory experience, develop fine motor skills of the fingers, teach them how to bring things to fruition, and allow them to develop the child’s speech, attention, thinking, and imagination.

Modeling as a type of productive activity (that is, an activity that results in a finished product - a sculpted product) develops the child’s ability to plan his actions.

Modeling teaches a child to analyze and develops perception, because in order to display any object in modeling, you need to highlight its main parts and their characteristics (color, size, shape, proportions, location in space).

Also, in modeling, we clarify and consolidate the child’s ideas about the objects of the surrounding world.

In modeling, the child tries to correlate the features of the object with the features of the material (modeling dough or plasticine), this leads to memorizing sensory standards (color - yellow, red, green, blue and others, size - small, large, shape - round, oval, triangular , long - short, wide - narrow).

Very important:

games - modeling is easier for a child than drawing, since it is in modeling that the child begins to feel every movement of his finger (for example, when small objects are pressed into clay or into the modeling mass, small pieces are torn off from a piece of clay) and the movements of his brushes hands (when, for example, a ball is flattened into a flat cake, when a sausage or ball is rolled out). That is why it is best to start visual arts classes with modeling, and a little later start drawing with your baby. Also, in modeling, a child can easily feel the shape of an object (it is easier for him to understand that the ball is round, it is a ball in modeling, in which he himself rolls this ball, and not in a flat image in drawing).

Modeling will prepare the child’s hand for more complex movements.

– mastery of pencil and brush in drawing.

Modeling for kids: at what age can you start modeling with a child?

You can start modeling with your child from the last months of the first year of life.

In the second year of life, the baby gets acquainted with modeling dough as a material, becomes familiar with its properties and qualities.

In the third year of life, the baby masters the “alphabet of modeling” - basic modeling techniques, on the basis of which many different figures can be made. Based on the ABC of modeling learned at this age, all subsequent crafts of the child at an older age will be built.

Modeling for kids: materials for modeling with a young child

The first is play dough.

(safe for the health of the youngest children and made from environmentally friendly materials).

Play dough recipe for children from 10 to 12 months:

300 gr. flour, 150 gr. water, 1 teaspoon sunflower oil (do not add salt to the dough). You can add freshly squeezed beet juice to the water to get a pink color. But it will only last for a day, a maximum of two days.

Recipe for salted play dough for children aged 1 to 2 years:

2 cups flour, 1 cup fine salt, 1 cup water colored with food coloring, 2 tablespoons vegetable oil.
The dye is food grade, which is used for coloring Easter eggs and confectionery (take ½ or ¼ sachet of the same color for this portion of dough). The dough does not stick to your hands and holds its shape well. The dough can be stored for 3-4 weeks in a tightly sealed bag in the refrigerator. to make several colors of dough
in advance A figurine made from such dough can be baked in the oven over low heat. The color of the dough remains the same after baking. If you dry a figurine in the air, then a figurine 1-2 cm thick will dry for 10 days.

With children 2 years and older

You can use different materials for modeling: modeling mass, plasticine, salt dough.

Clay

- an excellent natural material for modeling, which is also useful psychologically. Clay is a great stress reliever! If you want to sculpt with clay with your baby, then buy light-colored clay at the store. Dark-colored clay often frightens young children, and they refuse to sculpt with it (for fear of getting dirty). Clay should be stored in a tightly tied bag in the refrigerator, as it dries out quickly.

Ready-made industrial dough or modeling mass

It is advisable to buy classic, unflavored (without the smell of vanilla and other similar odors).

The second is an oilcloth to protect the table from plasticine or dough. As well as a modeling board and a damp cloth.

This teaches you to be careful. The main reason why we can’t do without these items is that when using them, we won’t need to use prohibitions on the child (don’t touch, you’ll get dirty), we won’t have to pull him. Even if the baby gets the oilcloth dirty, the table will remain clean, and the oilcloth can be easily washed off.

Immediately teach your child that we only sculpt on oilcloth and immediately clean up after ourselves. At first you will do this, then the baby will get used to the order and begin to imitate you. He will know the rule - we sculpt at the table on oilcloth, after sculpting we put everything back in its place.

Modeling board

It is better to have darker colors so that the light details made of dough or plasticine and their shape are clearly visible. It should be no smaller than the size of a landscape sheet (I don’t recommend buying small boards for modeling. They are very inconvenient for modeling with kids).

A damp cloth should be nearby on the table. It is needed to wipe your hands (the baby will need to show how this is done).

Third, if you are afraid that the child will stain his clothes, then put armlets on his arms (this is a “tube” made of easily washable waterproof fabric and is put on the child’s arm from wrist to elbow) and an apron.

You will be calm that your baby will not get his clothes dirty, and he will be able to sculpt freely and joyfully. Your emotions and your calmness are very important - after all, the child “reads” them instantly and senses your emotional state well. And if the mother is constantly worried that we will get something dirty, then the child will not be happy to sculpt. Also, if you are afraid for the floor and its cleanliness (for example, you have carpet at home, then instead of worrying, you can simply protect the floor in advance - just lay a film on it).

Fourth. Additionally, you can purchase stacks for plasticine

(they are usually included with the plasticine set) - with their help you can apply different patterns to the surface of the product.

It is important:

- the place for modeling and all objects must be prepared by the mother in advance, before the game - activities with the child, since a small child cannot wait long - he needs to act immediately.

- a child over 2 years old already knows where the materials for modeling are at home and how to use them for their intended purpose; from this age he helps his mother put away all the materials after modeling (for example, arrange the remaining pieces by color, wash his hands, remove the apron)

Modeling for kids: how to sculpt with kids?

First stage. Getting to know the material.

Very often this stage is skipped, as a result the baby does not want to sculpt, wants to put the dough in his mouth, and nothing happens! Because before sculpting, we must take into account the nature of a young child.

For a child, one of the important means of understanding the world is experimentation and exploratory games. Let your child first enjoy the process of exploring new material and get to know it well. Otherwise, he simply won’t sculpt; he will be attracted to this new piece of something attractive, and not to the sculpting process!

Introduce your child to the dough (or plasticine, depending on the child’s age). Give the opportunity:

slap it with your palm: “slap-slap”
press with your finger and get a “hole” in a piece of material,
hold the piece in your hands and mash it in different ways,
press a piece of raisin (peas, beans) into a piece of mass with your finger,
mix different colors and see what happens when you mix different colored dough. When buying plasticine for modeling, look at the instructions on the package. Manufacturers always indicate whether plasticine colors can be mixed to create new shades. It is advisable for kids to buy plasticine, in which you can mix different colors and get new shades.

Let your third-year-old baby experiment with colors on his own - for example, make a lot of different balls - “beads” on a Christmas tree or doll. Get each ball by mixing colors (yellow + blue = green, red + white = pink).

You can let the baby knead the dough himself (help mom), make “pies” out of it (whatever he wants), pretzels and sausages for treating the dolls.

The child’s research interest must be encouraged and developed, the child must be praised, and not prohibited from his actions. A young child learns about the world through a sensory way, and not through our words or video presentations.

When the child explores the material and becomes familiar with its qualities and properties, it will be possible to give him the material for another task - for modeling.

This is important to remember: our way of teaching sculpting to the youngest children is as follows:

from introducing the baby to the material (exploratory activities)
to use it for its intended purpose (for modeling)
and further to the development of interest in the image that we want to convey in sculpting.

Helpful advice:

If the child refuses to study the material, then you can give him different game tasks yourself: “hide the peas in a piece of text”, “what will happen if we mix two pieces, let’s try!”

MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF

A comprehensive educational activity for young children aged 1-3 years. TOPIC: Autumn.

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS

1. GREETING

Teacher: Hello guys! The doll came to visit us. Why is she yellow? Because this is an autumn doll. Let's welcome her.

(with the help of a doll, the teacher greets each child, calling him by name).

2. Finger gymnastics.

Autumn, autumn leaf fall Yellow leaves are flying from birch and aspen From oak, maple and mountain ash

Yellow and red All so different.

According to the text, we bend the fingers on one and then on the other hand, repeating the words.

3. Cut-out pictures (teacher: guys. Look, I wanted to show you pictures with autumn landscapes, but the autumn wind tore them into pieces, help me put them together.

4. Decorate the trees on flannelgraph. The autumn wind has torn off all the leaves from the trees, they are cold, let's warm them with leaves. (yellow and red leaves laid out on the floor, children collect and decorate with them trees located on the flannelgraph.

5. Sunny

“The sun came out of the clouds and extended a ray to the children. The children touched their hands. What a sun you are.”

In the semolina we hide the yellow and blue figures (circle) from the Dienesh Blocks. Teacher: Guys! Let's collect the yellow circles. Similar to the sun.

6. Rays for the sun.

Well done! We have collected all the circles, but what else does the sun have? That's right, rays! Everyone has a circle and counting sticks (yellow and red) on the table; we apply only yellow sticks to the circle. Well done! What a beautiful sun Matvey has………How warm it has become for us! The sun warms everyone!

7. Physical education minute.

The doll invites us to the autumn forest. We are driving a car into the autumn forest. Children and mothers sit on pillows, the teacher hands out small rings (steering wheel). The movements are performed to the music of Zheleznova “BI-BI”

8. In the forest.

The autumn forest is rich in gifts! Let's collect it. We will collect cones (prickly) in one basket. And into the other basket (nuts (chestnuts)) smooth. Well done!

9. Physical education minute. Dance with autumn leaves to the music of Zheleznova “Hand Up” .

10. Visual activity.

Materials: sheets of paper with a drawn or glued outline of a tree. Circles are drawn on the tree. Plasticine yellow and red.

Guys! Look, I have trees, but they have no leaves at all, the wind blew them away and they are now very cold. Let's decorate our trees with yellow and red leaves using plasticine. We roll red and yellow balls from plasticine and cover the drawn circles on the trees. Here we have real autumn trees.

11 Farewell.

The autumn doll says thank you and says goodbye to us. With the help of a doll, we say goodbye to each child by hand. The children leave with their work.

This summary is presented by: teacher-psychologist for early development Elena Yuryevna Ostanina, child development specialist. Leningrad region, Gatchina

Next >

Modeling for kids: basic sculpting techniques with young children

rolling out a piece of dough or plasticine into a stick (sausage),
rolling a piece into a ball,
flattening (a ball into a flat cake, a sausage into stripes),
obtaining an indentation in a piece by pressing a piece of plasticine with your finger,
pinching off pieces
attaching parts to a large piece of plasticine.

The baby masters these techniques by the age of three (of course, if he is taught modeling at home or in a circle or in kindergarten).

Modeling for kids: important points in organizing play activities with your baby at home

— In all age subperiods of early childhood, the child’s modeling is introduced into the play plot.

You need to not just ask the child to make a fungus - but to make it for a hedgehog who lost his fungus in the forest.

Or another example: you need to make pies for your doll for tea, because she is waiting for guests - her girlfriends!

Another example: we decided to make vegetables and fruits for the store game. Or they decided to stick nuts to treat their toy squirrel. Or now we’ll make candies that the doll will treat all guests to on her birthday.

IMPORTANT NUANCE: The hedgehog (toy) itself turns to the baby and asks the child to help him, and the baby happily agrees, talking to the hedgehog as if it were alive.

At the end, the toy thanks the baby for his help.

TYPICAL ERROR: An adult says this: “The hedgehog asked you... The hedgehog thanks you.” This doesn't work with kids! The hedgehog himself turns to the baby and he asks, talks to the baby, takes the molded mushrooms from him and thanks him. An adult talks to a child as a hedgehog.

You will find a list of game plots at the end of this article.

— All fashioned products are used in the future for the child’s play

(for example, in the situation with the hedgehog, we actually give the toy - the hedgehog the mushrooms we sculpted, he rejoices, thanks us, we accompany him to the forest - we completely act out this plot with the baby).

— When we sculpt an object (for example, a tumbler), before starting sculpting we must examine this object with the child, name its parts and their shape and size. You can consider a toy, a picture or a real object, if possible.

For example: “What an elegant tumbler! Oh, beauty, and how cheerful! (we stroke the tumbler's head). What did I pet? (head). What does she look like? (on the ball), What is this? (we stroke the balls - the hands of the tumbler, let the baby stroke them too). What are they like? To the balls! Only small ones! Now let's iron the tumbler's dress. How beautiful. What does it look like? Also on the ball. Only big!” Etc." The child needs to be given the toy in his hands to stroke it and name each part of it. And then put it in place and start sculpting it.

An example of such a conversation about a bird before its sculpting (author - R.G. Kazakova): “A chicken lost its mother hen, ran around, looked for it and came running to us. How did he escape? (on the paws). He’s tired, let’s pet him: “Oh, you little yellow one!” What did I pet? (back, wings). What does a chicken look like? On the ball! Now what did I stroke? Head! What does she look like? For a small ball. The chicken wanted to peck the grains, and began to look for the grains. What is he looking at? (with eyes). What does he eat the grains with? (beak). Waved at us with what? (tail).” After this, the adult shows how to sculpt a chicken, accompanying all his actions with comments and questions: What did I sculpt? Round body. What is this little ball? This is the head, and these are the eyes. The chicken immediately saw its mother chicken! What did he wave at her? Wings!

- First, the baby will sculpt according to your instructions, and a little later he will be able to sculpt himself according to his own design.

— If you teach your child a new sculpting technique (for example, teach him to roll a ball in a circular motion between his palms), then it is better to plan your home games - sculpting classes like this:

The first day is learning how to roll a ball.
The next day, we consolidate the skills the child has mastered in rolling a ball: we again sculpt a ball with the child (but in a different game plot).
Then we take a break for 2-3 days.
And again we make a ball again (already in the third game story).

For example, for the first time we made a ball - a bun. The second time it was balls - balls. The third time we made balls - balls for the kitten.

In the future, frequency will not matter.

Research has shown that this is precisely the frequency that a child needs to best master a new action. This is the most successful planning scheme that allows you to quickly consolidate a child’s new skill.

— Never disassemble ready-made crafts made by a child in front of him; this rule applies forever and is relevant for any age of the child.

If you want to reuse plasticine, then disassemble the crafts so that the child does not see it.

- Do not leave the child alone while modeling, especially since modeling at this age takes no more than 3-5 minutes.

— If a child doesn’t succeed in something, he wants to break his craft, just help him, correct it, show him how to fix it. Act on behalf of the toy - let it tell him what needs to be done to correct the craft.

Progress of the lesson:

Greeting game “Our smart heads”

Our smart heads will think a lot, cleverly. The ears will listen, the mouth will speak clearly. Hands will clap, Feet will stomp. Our backs straighten, we smile at each other.

Surprise moment “Wonderful bag”

Today “The Wonderful Bag” will tell us what our lesson will be about. Place your hand in the bag, take out one item and name what you got.

Didactic exercise “Paired pictures”

Children are asked to choose a picture of a fruit, and then find exactly the same picture. The teacher draws the children’s attention to the fact that at first they had one picture, and then there were two pictures.

Apples grow on a tall tree - place apples on a tall tree. And pears grow on a low tree - place the pears on a low tree. Pears are easy to pick, but apples are very high up and you need a ladder to pick them. But the trouble is, the ladder broke. Let's fix the ladder - make it steps from sticks. Now you can harvest. Place apples in one basket and pears in another basket. Which basket has more fruit? There are more apples than pears.

Didactic game “Place apples and pears in boxes”

Now the collected pears and apples need to be put into boxes to take them to the store. Think about which box is suitable for apples and which for pears? Place the fruits in suitable boxes.

Draw a straight line with a pencil from top to bottom from the apple to the basket - arrange all the fruits in the baskets.

Exercise “Cut the fruit into two halves”

Children are asked to use a toy knife to cut a toy fruit into two halves, fastened together with Velcro. The teacher draws the children's attention to the fact that there are two halves.

Finger gymnastics “Orange”

We shared an orange. (Fingers are bent, as if holding an orange)

There are many of us, but he is alone. (The palm is first open, then the fingers are clenched into a fist, only the thumb of each hand remains straight)

This slice is for the hedgehog, This slice is for the swift, This slice is for the ducklings, This slice is for the kittens, This slice is for the beaver. (Palms clenched into fists. Starting with the thumb, children unclench their fists, one finger for each phrase)

And for the wolf - the peel. He is angry with us - trouble! Run away in all directions. (Children open and close their palm, clenching their fingers into a fist for each word)

Handmade “Apple Tree”

Tear off a piece from a red napkin, roll it into a ball - it will be an apple. Dip it in glue and attach it to the tree - a ripe apple has grown on the tree. After the children make several red apples, invite them to make one unripe green apple in exactly the same way. — Guys, how many green apples do you have? One apple. How many red apples? A lot of. Which apples are bigger, red or green? There are more red apples.

Dynamic pause "Harvest"

Children collect balls of different sizes scattered on the floor and put them in baskets of the appropriate size. Then the children line up and pass the watermelon ball from hand to hand.

Modeling "Apricot"

Children roll out a ball from orange or yellow plasticine in a circular manner, cut it in half, make a dent in the center of each half with their thumb, then put bones in one half and connect them to the other half.

Exercise “Worms in an Apple”

Not only people love to eat fruit. The worms also feast on apples and pears - they gnaw paths in them. Take toys in your hands and push the worm into the paths inside the apple.

Children are invited to paint the pear with yellow paint with their finger, and the leaf with green paint.

Game with clothespins “Fruit tails”

Attach clothespin tails to the fruit.

Musical break “Clap with us”

Children perform movements to the music according to the words of the song.

Place fruit in a jar and we’ll make compote. Now stick the fruit to the jar.

Didactic game “What color is the juice?”

Each child is given double sippy cups half filled with water. On one half of the bottle there is an orange sticker, and on the other half there is a yellow pear. Children are asked to dip a brush in paint that matches the color of the fruit and rinse it in water - you will get juice that matches the color of the fruit.

Didactic game “Find out the taste”

Children are asked to try a piece with their eyes closed and name the fruit.

Modeling in the nursery group

OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON: To teach children to act by demonstration - to roll plasticine balls and connect them to each other. Develop an interest in working with plasticine. Continue developing fine motor skills.

OBJECTIVES: to enrich children’s wealth of knowledge about the world around them on the topic of insects, to tell what insects are like and what they eat. Show pictures of insects, caterpillars

MATERIALS: Plasticine of different colors, divided into pieces; finished craft - caterpillar

; board for plasticine and a ready-made leaf for
a caterpillar (made of green paper/cardboard)
PROGRESS OF THE LESSON: Show the children the finished craft - a caterpillar

.
Focus on the fact that the caterpillar’s
consists of individual balls.

The teacher plays out a scene with a caterpillar

: “Look who’s crawling? Did you recognize it? It’s
a caterpillar
.
Let's make some girlfriends for our caterpillar
.
Together with the children, roll pieces of plasticine into 4-5 balls, then connect them to each other. the first ball (this is the head)
to a larger diameter than the rest. Cut out a mouth and eyes on the head. Play with the children on their crafts.

Publications on the topic:

This year I recruited a nursery group of kids. Every day I look forward to meeting them, because it will be a new knowledge of the world around me. First visit.

Integrated GCD in the senior group using ICT “Fifa the Caterpillar and the Seven-Flower Flower” MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION “KINDERGARTEN OF GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL TYPE No. 101 “LADUSHKI” MUNICIPAL EDUCATION.

Hello, dear teachers! I bring to your attention our collective work. The nursery group includes children aged 2-3 years.

Synopsis of direct educational activities in the junior group “Caterpillar” Synopsis of direct educational activities in the junior group “Caterpillar”. Program content: Strengthen skills.

Summary of GCD for FEMP in the senior group “How the Fifa caterpillar introduced us to the signs > and “How the Fifa caterpillar introduced us to the signs > and

Modeling for kids: modeling for children 1-2 years old

You can start introducing your baby to the test from the end of the first year of life. At the age of 1-2 years, the child becomes familiar with modeling dough as a material and explores it.

One game will take 3-5 minutes. This is the time when a child at this age can focus on the task and act purposefully with you.

Modeling for children 1-2 years old: options for game tasks

"Little Explorer" Place a piece of dough on the modeling board. Let the baby remember it, make indentations in it with his finger, make a hole, pinch off small pieces from a large piece of dough (“feed the chicken with grains”). If a child is afraid to touch the dough, then start playing with the dough yourself, commenting on all your actions. The baby will gradually get used to it and will be drawn to this material and want to play with it.

“We spank with our palm.” Place the play dough on a plate of a contrasting color and invite your child to slap the dough with his palm: slap-slap-slap! Try making holes in the dough with your finger: “Here’s a hole—boom!” And then there was a hole - a finger fell into it - bang! Bang!

“Feed the hen and the cockerel.” Next time during our play session, let a toy chicken and a cockerel come running to the baby and ask him to feed them grains. The baby plucks off small pieces of plasticine and puts them on a plate - “feeding” the cockerel and hen. The guests thank him for the treat!

Game "Ay". Take a piece of play dough and hide a small object, such as a ball, in it. Say: “The ball hid. Where are you? Awww! Let's call him together: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa! Ball, ah! Where is the ball? Here's the ball! Found!”

Game "One - Many". Hide several items in a piece of dough, for example, shelled nuts so that their pieces are visible from the dough. Invite your child to get them: “one nut, two nuts, three nuts!” Lots of nuts!”

Display with commentary. A child at this age will not yet be able to sculpt a craft, but he will be able to help you.

Example 1. Roll a lot of balls yourself. And invite the child to slap them with his hand, making pancakes or pancakes out of them (Yu. A. Razenkova’s technique) and saying each time: “slap, slap, slap.” Place all your pancakes or pancakes on a doll's plate and serve them to the dolls.
Example 2. You can sculpt any simple crafts yourself in front of your child’s eyes - a mouse, a bear, a bunny - and comment on your actions. Name the parts of the object, their color, size, shape: “I’ll sculpt the eyes. Where are the bear's ears? Here are the ears. Where are Vanya’s (child’s name) ears? Here are the ears! Vanya has big ears, and the bear has small ears. Round! That's what! What are we going to do next?”

Ideas for simple games and crafts for children 1-2 years old

Pinch off the pieces;
Roll the bun and sausage;
Knead the dough in your palms;
Knead and roll out;
Mix different colors;
We hide small objects (for example, cereals) in the dough;
We are looking for a treasure hidden in the dough;
Plasticine patches. Print out a template picture in advance and invite your child to fill in the gaps on it with plasticine.

We leave traces. Since the fine motor skills of 1-2 year old children are not yet developed enough to sculpt small parts from plasticine, various sculpting devices are used. These can be special stamps that leave shaped imprints, or any available means (for example, small molds, dishes, sticks). Make sure that it is comfortable for your child to hold this device; choose stamps with a handle. It will also be interesting for your child to leave fingerprints or animal tracks on the dough (plastic figures are good for this).

We stick various objects into the dough (skewers, tubes, made Legos, pasta, etc.).

For more information on how to teach your child simple modeling techniques, watch the video:

Modeling for kids: modeling for children 2-3 years old

At this age, you can sculpt with your child from any materials: clay, plasticine, salt dough, mass and modeling dough, snow.

What can we teach a 2-3 year old child during play modeling classes: our tasks

sculpt sticks and sausages (roll out a lump of plasticine between your palms with straight movements),
connect the ends of the stick, pressing them tightly against each other and getting a “steering wheel”, “ring for a pyramid”,
roll out a lump of plasticine or clay with circular movements of your palms (we get a bun, a ball, a snowball, a ball, an apple, a berry),
flatten a lump of plasticine or a ball between your palms (we get a flat cake, cookies, gingerbread),
make a depression in the middle of a flattened piece of plasticine, pressing with your fingers in the center (we get bowls for three bears, saucers for dolls),
connect the two resulting parts into one object (connect two balls - you get a tumbler, connect a stick - a sausage and a ball and get a rattle),
sculpt only on oilcloth on a sculpting board, help an adult clean the table after sculpting (put all objects in their places).

Modeling for children 2-3 years old: sequence of learning to model

At an early age, the child masters the “alphabet of modeling” - the basic techniques of modeling. The basic elements for modeling with a baby are a cylinder (we call it a “stick” for a child) and a ball. From these shapes you can create a variety of shapes with your child.

First stage. Familiarization with materials, games - research.

We have already talked about this stage a little higher. If the child is not familiar with modeling dough and plasticine, then we always start from this stage.

Second phase. Rolling out a piece of plasticine/modeling dough/clay to length (receiving a “stick”, “column” or “sausage”, “cylinder”).

First, the baby learns to roll the dough into a sausage on a board (with our palm we roll a piece of plasticine on the board with forward and backward movements to make a sausage).
Only then is the child ready to roll out the piece with the same movements between the palms.
The next complication is making images from our “sausages” - sticks. Making “bagels” from sausages (connecting a stick into a ring).

Third stage. Rolling the ball and flattening the ball into a cake. Combining shapes (ball + stick).

First, the baby rolls a ball on the table in a circular motion (rolls a piece of plasticine on the table to make a ball).
Then he masters a more complex movement - rolling a ball between his palms.
After this, the child is ready to make figures from elements known to him. The form is supplemented with natural materials (for example, to express the image, you can use seeds, twigs, leaves like eyes, a tail, ears, mustache).

Modeling for children 2-3 years old: options for play activities in stages with gradual complication of tasks

First stage: familiarization with materials

- Let's feed the birds (pinching off small pieces of clay or plasticine from a whole piece),

- A hole for a mouse (hide the mouse from the cat) - show the child how you can press your fingers deep into the center of a spherical piece of plasticine to form a “mink” - “hole”).

The second stage – we master rolling out a piece of bread (sausage) in length.

we make pencils for a bear or for any other toy (we teach how to roll out sausages),
make a branch for the bird (sausage),
we make treats - sausages for puppies (we roll out pieces of plasticine into “sausage sticks” and put the treats in a toy plate, treat them to toys),
make a fence (We lay out the sticks - sausages - on the board like a fence. For example, you need to hide a cockerel from a fox by building a fence through which the fox will not pass),
make a ladder (We lay out the sausages we have fashioned on a sheet of paper like a ladder. First we make two long vertical sticks. Then between them we lay out horizontal sticks like steps),
airplane (connecting two sticks to form an airplane figurine),
Christmas tree (We lay out the sticks like a Christmas tree on a modeling board. One long sausage in the center is the trunk of the Christmas tree. We place other green sausages on the sides obliquely - these are the branches of the Christmas tree),
house made of logs (train station, bus stop made of logs): we sculpt a lot of identical sticks and build a structure out of them (like folding a log house or a well made of logs), the roof can be made from a rectangular piece of cardboard or plywood.
bagels (connecting sausages into a ring),
rings for a pyramid (connecting a sausage into a ring),
bracelets for dolls (connecting sausages into a ring),
other options (the child can come up with what his plasticine stick looks like: this is a dog bone, these are cucumbers, these are earthworms, these will be carrots if one end of the stick is made narrow and sharp),
snail (Option 1. Laying out on a modeling board: twisting the sausage into a spiral. Option 2: “snail crawls.” We place our spiral on its edge, pull one end up and tilt it away from the shell - we get a snail’s head),
stump for Mashenka and the bear (short wide sausage: “Sit on a stump, eat a pie”, a bunny, a fox, a bird can jump and sit on a stump),
ribbon (river, road) - flattening the sausage into stripes,
scarf for a snowman (scarves for animals) - flattening the sausage into stripes,
bunny carrot (when rolling, apply pressure on one side, and you will get not a stick, but a “carrot” with a sharp end on one side),
snake (We make a long “sausage” from plasticine, bend it like a snake. Cut one end of the “sausage” - this will be the mouth, the head of the snake. We make the eyes of the snake from the seeds. You can place the snake in different ways: a) in a spiral - this is “the snake is sleeping "or b) a winding line - this is “the snake is crawling”),
a nest for a chick (together with the child we roll out a lot of thin sausages - sticks and from them in a chaotic order we put together a nest, we help the birds “build a nest”),
bridge (we connect the sticks into a bridge in accordance with your idea, there are many different options).

The third stage - mastering rolling the ball

let's make balls and play with them (the baby makes balls and then plays with them - rolls them down the slide, rolls them into the hoop),
modeling a bun for grandparents,
modeling balls for a kitten (the kitten loves to play with balls),
sculpting balls,
modeling a rattle (ball + sausage),
apple (We make a ball and make a small depression in it at the top and bottom with our finger. If the child wishes, you can supplement the craft with a green handle with a leaf: a) roll out a thin stick - a handle - from green plasticine, b) then roll a ball out of green plasticine, flatten it slightly – you will get an oval leaf of an apple, attach the leaf to the handle on the apple),
tomato (made similarly to an apple, but without the stem and leaf),
sculpting berries (berries are small red balls, we put our “berries” in a basket or on a doll plate and treat the toys),
raspberries for the bear (also red balls - berries),
candy (modeling balls - candies for the doll, she will treat her friends with them at her birthday),
beads (we make multi-colored balls of the same size. To do this, divide a piece of plasticine yourself into equal parts of the same size and give them to the child. We attach the finished beads to a thread),
a pyramid of balls (We make balls of different sizes - for this, prepare in advance and give the child pieces of plasticine of different colors and different sizes. Then we put them into a pyramid - we put a smaller ball on the largest ball, then we find and put an even smaller ball. We attach a bead to the top or a small bright plasticine ball),
make a snowman (Roll 3 balls of different sizes, place them on top of each other according to size, decorate the plasticine snowman with seeds or peas for the eyes, a straw for the nose, etc.),
sculpting a bird or chicken (We make two balls, place them one on top of the other, make eyes from peas or seeds, a tail from a feather, make a beak by pinching - pull out a piece of plasticine from the ball - head forward so that you get a beak),
modeling a bunny (We divide a piece of plasticine in half. From the first piece we roll a large ball - the body. We divide the second piece in half again. From the first part we sculpt a small ball - the head. We divide the remaining part in half again - we get two sausages - ears. We make the eyes from natural material - peas, seeds),
modeling of a cat, bear, mouse, dog. The head and body are made of balls. We make the ears by pinching them. We complement the image with a mustache (a thin plastic hard strand), eyes (seeds, peas),
Tumbler (The body is a large ball, the head is a small ball, the arms are the two smallest balls, we decorate the roly-poly dress with seeds, we also make the eyes from natural material),
caterpillar (we connect several balls into a caterpillar, make eyes and a mouth from the seeds),
cucumbers (we roll balls from green plasticine, and then roll them into a stick - a cylinder, we get cucumbers),
bananas (we make it similarly to a cucumber, but from yellow plasticine and bend it in the shape of a banana).

Technique for flattening a ball into a cake - a circle:

making pancakes (Show me how to flatten a ball into a cake - press it with your palm. Bake a pancake for the doll, put them on a toy plate. Let the doll treat all the toys with her pancakes over tea!),
we make vitamins for the doll (we make small multi-colored balls and flatten them into “cakes” - tablets),
pancakes (we help grandma bake pancakes for tomorrow: we flatten small balls into flat cakes, put them on a doll plate and treat them),
making a soft mat for a toy pussy (flattening and attaching small parts to the base),
mushroom (we make a stick - a cylinder. We roll up a ball and flatten it into a disk. We attach the “cap” of the mushroom to its “leg”),
sun (we make a ball, flatten it into a “cake” - a disk. Next we make sticks - cylinders. Flatten them into strips. We lay out the stripes around the center of the sun. We make the eyes, nose, mouth of the sun from seeds or draw with a stack,
turtle (roll up a ball, flatten it. Take a small piece of plasticine and roll up a ball for the turtle’s head. Take 4 more small pieces of plasticine and roll them into a stick-sausage, make turtle legs out of them),

All crafts can be made from modeling mass and then dried. You will get vegetables and fruits for playing “shop” and toys.

Modeling with kids

- a very useful and very exciting activity for both adults and children. I wish you success and joyful moments of communication with children in the process of modeling!

Yanushko E.A. Modeling with young children

Plastic materials (plasticine, dough, clay, colored wax, etc.) provide great opportunities for the development and learning of children. During sculpting, fine motor skills of the fingers and imagination develop, manual skills are formed, children learn to coordinate hand movements, and acquire sensory experience - a sense of plasticity, shape, weight. In addition, they learn to plan their work and bring it to completion.

However, it is traditionally believed that it is too early for a one-year-old child to start modeling. Indeed, the crafts that a child is usually asked to do are quite difficult. They require, on the one hand, complex manipulations with plastic material, and on the other, delicate actions with small details. In addition, creating crafts requires patience and time.

Due to their age, young children are not able to concentrate on one type of activity for a long time. The level of development of fine motor skills in children of this age makes it difficult to work with large pieces of plastic material, and also does not allow making and attaching small parts. In addition, children may be tempted to taste the plasticine and smear it on the table and other surfaces that are not at all intended for this purpose. But, despite all the difficulties described above, you should not refuse to work with plastic materials.

In the process of working with young children, the author developed a special technique that allows you to create crafts from dough and plasticine in literally a matter of minutes. During the classes, children get acquainted with plastic materials and their properties, learn to make plasticine pictures using pressing and smearing methods, create simple three-dimensional crafts, and master the technique of indentation. Young children learn the skills of working with plastic materials quickly and without much difficulty. You just need to interest the kids and show them how to act.

The most suitable materials for working with young children are dough and plasticine. For classes, you should use soft, warm dough and good quality soft plasticine. Modern technologies have made it possible to improve plasticine. It became softer and more elastic, acquired pure and varied colors, and stopped sticking to the hands. These qualities make working with him a pleasant and interesting experience. Other materials can be offered to children as they grow older. Children are more willing to experiment with new materials in a familiar situation, when basic work skills have already been formed.

Modeling classes with young children can be carried out either individually or in small groups (2-4 people). The duration of classes with children of the second year of life is 7–10 minutes, of the third year of life – 10–15 minutes. In order to consolidate the kids’ skills, it is recommended to use the same plot several times.

In addition to teaching basic skills in working with plasticine, developing interest and a positive attitude towards modeling, classes provide many opportunities for the learning and development of children.

Speech development and familiarization with the outside world

Modeling classes are also activities for developing a child’s speech. During the work, there is a continuous conversation with the children, which, of course, has a positive effect on their speech development. The playful organization of activities stimulates children's speech activity and causes speech imitation.

In addition, in an exciting game, being at the peak of emotions, the child is able to learn many new words and expressions. Therefore, modeling classes help expand children’s active and passive vocabulary.

For classes, you should select stories that are close to the life experiences of children. They allow you to clarify already acquired knowledge, expand it, apply the first versions of generalization, and give kids ideas about color, size, shape, number of objects, and their spatial arrangement.

Development of imagination and creativity

Modeling classes involve joint creativity between an adult and a child. In order to interest children, it is necessary to play out the situation, show them how to operate with plastic materials. Once children have developed basic skills in working with plastic materials, they will have more opportunities to work independently. This will allow kids to have some freedom of choice when making crafts. Let the child choose what color the plasticine flower will be or where the plasticine snowflake will be located. This approach allows you to develop children’s imagination and their creativity (creative beginning of the individual).

And, of course, it is very important to emotionally charge children and turn the activity into an exciting game. The finished work must be carefully examined, approved, and the little author praised for his efforts. As one wise man said: “A child is not a vessel that needs to be filled, but a fire that needs to be lit.” Since the foundation of personality is laid at an early age, it is important to try to ignite the spark of creativity in children.

Personal development

You should be attentive and conscious about the future fate of children's work. It is very important that children feel respect for their creations. We must not forget that children of this age need the constant attention of a significant adult, his praise and approval. The expectation of such attention is one of the most powerful psychological motives that encourage children to act and achieve results. Therefore, it is useful to organize exhibitions of children's work and update them regularly.

You need to praise kids more often, and not be afraid to overpraise them. After all, such an attitude today will allow them to feel competent and confident people in the future.

Aesthetic development

During modeling classes, children should be offered dough of different colors, different types of plasticine and bases for plasticine pictures.

In general lessons, you can invite kids to compare different options for making the same plasticine picture or craft. Let each child choose the option that he likes best and embody it in his creativity. It is in this way, by involving children in practical activities, awakening in them the desire to try different options for implementing crafts, that you can arouse in them an aesthetic sense and teach them to see beauty.

Below are examples of classes with young children (for a more detailed description of the methodology, see the book Yanushko E. A. Lepka with young children. - M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2007).

Introduction to plastic materials

Before you start modeling, you need to introduce children to plastic materials, give them the opportunity to feel their texture and properties.

Activity “Hide the ball”

Target . Introduce children to the dough and its properties; teach how to knead the dough with the fingers and palms of both hands; generate interest in working with the test; develop fine motor skills.

Materials . Dough, small (but not small) plastic or glass balls (preferably with a smooth surface so that the plasticine does not stick to them), damp cloths.

Reception of sculpting . Kneading.

Progress of the lesson

Take a small ball (preferably the ball and the dough are of different colors) and show it to the children. Cover the ball with a handkerchief.

Educator. Guys, where is the ball? No ball! Where did he hide?

Take off the scarf with your children.

Educator. Here's a ball! Found!

Give the children a piece of dough and invite them to knead it and play with it. Then show the bright balls and ask them to first hide them in the dough and then find them. The action can be repeated several times.

Lesson “This is such plasticine!”

Target . Introduce children to plasticine and its properties; teach how to knead plasticine with the fingers and palms of both hands; develop an interest in working with plasticine; develop fine motor skills.

Material . Medium-sized pieces of soft plasticine in different colors.

Reception of sculpting . Kneading.

Progress of the lesson

Show the children a box of plasticine. Tell us about his qualities. Repeat the names of the colors.

Educator. Plasticine comes in different colors, it is soft, and you can use it to make various interesting and beautiful crafts.

Show the children how to cut the plasticine. Cut several plasticine bars of different colors into medium-sized pieces.

Invite the kids to choose pieces of plasticine. Show how you can knead plasticine with your fingers, squeeze it, changing its shape. Give children the opportunity to play with plasticine without limiting time. This is very useful for developing movements and fine motor skills of the fingers. It is recommended to start modeling classes with this exercise.

Then say that in the next lessons the children will make interesting crafts from plasticine, and put the plasticine out of their reach.

Mastering the techniques of smearing and pressing

In these classes, children learn to create plasticine pictures using pressing and smearing techniques. This technique of working with plasticine allows you to very quickly create bright plasticine pictures.

In order for children to learn these skills, adult help is needed.

Pressure . In the right place on the cardboard, the teacher places a small plasticine ball with a diameter of 5–10 mm. Then he takes the index finger of the child’s right hand, places it on the ball and with his index finger presses on top of the child’s finger. As a result, a round cake is obtained from the ball.

Smudging . In the right place on the cardboard, the teacher places a small plasticine ball with a diameter of 5–10 mm, then takes the index finger of the child’s right hand, places it on the ball and with his index finger first presses from above, and then, without reducing the pressure, pulls the baby’s finger in the desired direction. The main directions of smearing are from top to bottom and from left to right (for the right hand), from right to left (for the left hand).

As children master the skills of creating plasticine pictures, they begin to independently roll balls (1-3 balls), place them on the picture, and use pressing and smearing techniques.

During work, it is necessary to ensure that the child’s finger does not bend, but remains straight and tense, so that he acts with the pad of his finger and does not scratch the plasticine with his nail.

Lesson "Fly agaric"

Target . Teach children to pinch small pieces of plasticine from a piece and roll them into balls with a diameter of 5–7 mm, press the plasticine ball with their index finger, attaching it to the base, place the balls at an equal distance from each other; develop an interest in working with plasticine; develop fine motor skills.

Materials . White A5 sheets of cardboard (with a pre-prepared drawing or appliqué) (according to the number of children); white plasticine; a toy or drawing depicting a fly agaric.

Modeling techniques . Pinching, rolling, pressing.

Progress of the lesson

Before starting the lesson, prepare the basis for creating a plasticine picture - an image of a fly agaric. To do this, cut out a hat from red paper and stick it on a sheet, and draw a leg.

Start the lesson with a riddle.

Educator. Listen to the riddle. Try to guess what it is about. Near the forest on the edge, Decorating the dark forest, It grew motley, like Parsley, Poisonous...

Educator. That's right, it's a fly agaric!

Show the children a toy fly agaric or a picture of one.

Educator. Let's take a closer look at the fly agaric. Here's his leg. And this is a hat. What's on the fly agaric's hat? White specks.

Give the children blanks with images of fly agarics and white plasticine.

Educator. Look, your pictures also show a fly agaric. There's just something missing from him. Who guessed? That's right, white specks on the cap. Let's make white specks so that everyone will recognize the fly agaric and will not pick and eat the poisonous mushroom.

Show the children how to make specks: pinch off small pieces of plasticine and roll them into balls with the thumb and index finger of your right hand. In order for the skill to be established correctly, you should approach each child and help him complete the task.

Ask the children to make 2-3 balls themselves, prepare the rest in advance. Then offer to stick the white balls to the fly agaric cap yourself using pressure. There should be 5–10 specks in total on the cap.

Lesson "Sun"

Target . Continue teaching children to smear plasticine on cardboard; develop an interest in working with plasticine; develop fine motor skills.

Materials . Sheets of blue or light blue cardboard, A5 format (according to the number of children); yellow plasticine.

Reception of sculpting . Smudging.

Progress of the lesson

Before starting the lesson, prepare the basis - “the sun in the sky.” To do this, roll a ball out of yellow plasticine, then flatten it and press it onto the cardboard in the center of the sheet.

Give the blanks to the children.

Educator. You have blue skies in your pictures. And the sun is shining in the sky. It only shines weakly and does not warm at all. Why do you think? Because the sun has no rays. Let's help him and make rays - like this.

Invite the children to press their finger on the edge of the plasticine sun, press harder and pull their finger down or to the side - you will get a sunbeam.

Educator. This is how the beam turned out! Let's make the sun shine a lot! Now it shines brightly!

Encourage kids to act independently. In order to make the sun's rays longer, you need to press harder on the plasticine. For ease of work, you can rotate the workpiece (it is easiest to perform actions in the direction from top to bottom or from left to right with your right hand).

Mastering the pressing technique

To create pictures using the indentation technique, a base is used, onto which an even layer of dough or plasticine is applied.

For pressing, you can use various small objects: shells, pebbles, bottle caps, buttons, beads, sticks, etc., as well as various materials: cereals (peas, beans, buckwheat), polystyrene foam, etc.

At the beginning of work using the described technique, it is recommended to choose such plots that will allow you to arrange the pressed parts in any sequence. In the future, plots are proposed that require the arrangement of details in a certain order or in a certain sequence, which requires special work on the development of spatial concepts in children - the concepts of top, bottom, in the center, next to, in the corner, etc.

Lesson "Caterpillar"

Target . Teach children to press parts into the dough base in a certain order; develop an interest in working with plasticine; develop fine motor skills.

Materials . Dough base of any color; buttons of bright colors of different sizes (it is better to take buttons with stems).

Reception of sculpting. Indentation.

Progress of the lesson

Before starting the lesson, prepare the basics for creating pictures. It is recommended to do this work on individual bases (A5 format and smaller), but you can also create a collective work (A4 format and larger). In this case, children can make several caterpillars by attaching buttons one at a time.

Show the children the base and place a button caterpillar on it. Draw children's attention to the fact that caterpillars can be straight and curved, long and short, large and small (use buttons of different sizes), and different colors.

Then give the children buttons and ask them to make their own caterpillars. First, use the same buttons, then invite the kids to choose the buttons they like. However, you should not immediately offer all the variety of buttons. You can make multi-colored caterpillars in one lesson, large and small caterpillars in another, etc. You can pull the buttons out of the plasticine - “the caterpillars crawled away” and press them in again - “the caterpillars crawled away.”

Modeling three-dimensional figures from dough and plasticine

In these classes, children learn sculpting techniques such as rolling and rolling; learn to create crafts using mastered techniques.

With young children, you should sculpt objects that are simple in shape and familiar to children (based on balls and sausages). It is necessary that during work the object (or dummy) is in front of the children’s eyes and they can remember its appearance. Before starting work, you need to help children determine the shape and color of the object, and highlight important details.

Lesson "Drying"

Target . Teach children to roll out sausages from plasticine and connect their ends; develop an interest in working with plasticine; develop fine motor skills.

Materials . Plasticine of light brown or other suitable color, divided into medium-sized pieces; natural drying; doll or other toy.

Modeling techniques. Rolling out, connecting parts.

Progress of the lesson

Start your lesson with a game. Show the children the toy and natural drying.

Educator. Look what the doll Masha brought with her. This is drying. The drying is delicious and crispy. Masha ate the dry food. He says: “I want more!” Let's make dryers for Masha.

Invite the kids to carefully examine the dryer, pay attention to its thickness and shape. Then show how to make it: roll out the sausage (length about 10 cm, diameter 1 cm) and connect the ends to make a ring.

After this, invite the children to make their own dryers. If there is any difficulty, please help.

When the crafts are ready, continue the game: put the dryers on a plate, treat the doll and other toys.

Note : The same dryers can be made from dough.

Modeling books for kids

I wrote this article based on your letters and questions to me. And at the end of it, at the request of readers of the “Native Path” website, I give a list of books that I can recommend on this topic - modeling for the youngest children from one to three years old.

Literature on sculpting with young children to help mothers and teachers: I provide links below to the Labyrinth so that you can see book spreads, sections, and read reviews.

1. The book contains notes on modeling play sessions with children - this is a complete encyclopedia of modeling with young children, but there are no pictures in the book. Although drawing them yourself is quite simple.

Sections of the book (each section is a cycle of play activities with children using this modeling technique): - magic dough, - plasticine crumbs, - plasticine hide and seek, - plasticine print, - plasticine mosaic, - plasticine pieces, - plasticine sausages, - plasticine coloring pages, - plasticine collage, - plasticine beads, - plasticine pies, - drawing on plasticine, - plasticine crafts.

2. - a colorful manual for home modeling lessons with children. Ready-made game plots that you just need to play with your child. Ready pictures are provided. The book has three parts:

- First part: rolling a ball (modeling rowan berries, grapes, sweets, vitamins, snow outside the window. - Second part: plasticine hide and seek. - Third part: games to familiarize yourself with plasticine

— First part: strips and circles of plasticine. — Second part: three-dimensional pictures made of plasticine on a picture base. — Third part: sculpt from dough.

The same author has other colorful separate small albums on modeling for children from 1 to 3 years old: “Plasticine Treats”, “Plasticine Berries”, “Plasticine Snakes”, “Plasticine Specks”, “Plasticine Strips”. You will find a description of all the play activities for modeling with kids from this series of “plasticine books” in the author’s first full book, “Sculpting with Young Children,” at the link above. And in separate albums for children, the same system of games is presented, just in a different form, more convenient for the family - with ready-made pictures.

4. . This is a book on making confectionery products - gingerbread houses, different types of pies with children. For those who love to bake.

5. From books published a long time ago, which can no longer be purchased, but can be found on the Internet: Doronova T. N., Yakobson S. G. Teaching children 2-4 years old to draw, sculpt, and apply in games. - M.. 1992. Book for teachers.

Summary of educational activities for modeling with young children 2-3 years old.

Direct educational activities with young children on the topic: “Candy, a gift for mom”

Description of the material: I offer a summary of direct educational activities in modeling for children of the first junior group (2-3 years). This material will be useful for teachers of younger groups.

Integration of educational areas: artistic and aesthetic development, cognitive development, speech development.

Goal: “Make a candy out of plasticine”

Tasks:

Educational: improve the ability to work with plasticine, strengthen the ability to twist a sausage from it, teach how to twist a candy from this sausage (the “snail” shape)

Developmental: develop children's auditory attention, memory, attention, thinking.

Educational: to cultivate affection, care, reverent relationships with each other, to cultivate a desire to take care of mother, to help her.

Equipment: pieces of plasticine placed in separate plates, boards for plasticine, cotton swabs (after removing the cotton wool from them)

Preliminary work: Watching the cartoon “Mom for the Baby”, conversation on the topic “My beloved Mommy”

Progress of the lesson:

Mom means tenderness, This is affection, kindness, Mom means serenity, This is joy, beauty!

Mom is a bedtime story, This is the morning dawn, Mom is a hint in difficult times, This is wisdom and advice!

Mom is the greenery of summer, This is snow, an autumn leaf, Mom is a ray of light, Mom means LIFE!

Guys, do you want to give mom a gift?

What does your mother like? Probably something tasty? And sweets?

Do you like lollipops?

I think your mother also really loves these candies, but she treats you to them all the time, but she doesn’t get any. In honor of such a holiday as Mother's Day, let's prepare lollipops for our mothers?

To do this, you and I will take plasticine and remember it well in our palms. Then we’ll put it on the board and start twisting the sausage with our palms (showing all the discussed actions). Then roll the sausage between your palms. As a result, we got a long sausage made of plasticine. Now we wrap one end inward and continue to twist it further, making a sort of “snail”. When we have twisted the “Snail”, we put it on a stick. And what did I do guys? That's right, a lollipop.

Now guys, try to make these sweets yourself.

Children begin to work independently with plasticine. The rolling technique may not be easy for children, so if the child is unable to roll a sausage of the required size, the teacher takes the child’s hands in his own and helps the child.