History of dolls
The history of a simple doll dates back thousands of years. At all times, she occupied an important place in human life and was a conductor between the world of people and the world of spirits. In Rus', it originates from the goddess of fate and fertility Mokosh. The main purpose of the ancient Russian doll, besides entertainment, is to protect the child from evil spirits, the evil eye and damage. The amulet doll looks somewhat similar to an ordinary one, although it was made from hay, freshly cut grass, rags and wood. The same doll could perform different roles in the games of children of those times.
To some extent, dolls have always been artists, because they “performed” during rituals and holidays. People could not take on the role of a deity, and this role was played by dolls - in Rus', Kolyada, Kupala, and Maslenitsa dolls participated in holidays associated with the change of seasons.
For home theater, the easiest way is to use finger puppets; they are easy to make yourself; any child can show their imagination and make their own unique puppets. Such an activity will help a child of any age to express himself creatively, make dolls himself, and then come up with a scenario based on his favorite fairy tale and please his family and friends. You can make such a doll from paper or pieces of fabric, paint it to your taste, decorate it with threads, beads, or simply draw characters on the fingers themselves and the show can begin.
Wooden toys can look like tiny character heads, or they can be a whole figurine with a head, torso, arms, legs or paws (if it's an animal). You can even find a wooden Snake-Gorynych with three heads.
Wooden dolls have a recess for a finger, so when choosing a toy, it is important to pay attention to the size of this recess. The doll should fit tightly around your finger, without slipping off or squeezing too tightly. The thin and delicate skin of a child is vulnerable, so the wood must be well sanded.
DIY finger theater
Finger Theater.
Target
finger theater
:
-Development of fine motor skills of the hand.
Tasks:
-Learn to coordinate hand and eye movements, accompany finger movements with speech
.
-Express your emotions through facial expressions and speech
.
-Actively use imagination, memory, attention, thinking in the game.
-Expand your vocabulary by connecting auditory and tactile perception.
-Introduce folk art.
-Teach communication skills, games, and counting.
-Create a positive emotional background
Participating in dramatization games with fingers
the child puts the attributes on
his fingers
, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand.
As the action progresses, the child moves one or all fingers
, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen.
Finger theater is good then
when you need to show several characters at the same time.
For example, in the fairy tale “Turnip” new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be performed by one child using his fingers
.
Fairy tales “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “Geese and Swans” and others can be shown by two or three children
who are located behind the screen.
The display of such fairy tales with crowd scenes is possible thanks to finger attributes
.
From the first months of life, along with lullabies, nursery rhymes and jokes, the child gets acquainted with the magical world of fairy tales. From fairy tales, children gain ideas about time and space, the connection between man and nature, good and evil, courage, perseverance, and cunning. Finger Theater
- this is a unique opportunity to place a fairy tale on
the palm of a child
, in which he can take the role of any hero.
It is important to stimulate his desire to join the performance by complementing individual phrases in the characters’ dialogues, stable turns of the beginning and ending of the fairy tale. attention is fixed on the fact
that at the end the dolls bow and ask to thank them and clap their hands.
Finger
dolls are used in classes and in everyday communication.
On their behalf, the adult thanks and praises the children
, says hello and goodbye.
In children of this age
primary mastery of director's
theatrical acting
.
The process of mastering includes mini-productions based on the texts of folk and original poems, fairy tales, and stories. finger theater
figures in joint improvisations with an adult on given topics.
Enriching the gaming experience is only possible if you develop
special gaming skills.
The first group of skills is associated with mastering the “spectator” position (the ability to be a friendly spectator, watch and listen to the end, clap your hands, say “thank you” to the artists).
The second group of skills ensures the initial formation of the “artist” position, including the ability to use some means of expressiveness (facial expressions, gestures, movements, strength, timbre of voice, tempo of speech)
to convey the image of the hero, his emotions and experiences and to correctly hold and “lead” the doll or figurine of the hero to the director’s
theatrical play
.
The third group of skills is the ability to interact with other participants in the game: play friendly, not quarrel, take turns playing attractive roles, etc.
Staging various fairy tales, nursery rhymes, and jokes with the help of finger theater figures promotes
:
—development of fine motor skills of hands
, since precise, coordinated work
of the fingers
;
—develops
the ability to concentrate, i.e. the child tries not to miss the “performance” of his hero;
-learning the characters' lines, the child trains memory and speech;
—theatrical productions are developing
fantasy and imagination;
-the vocabulary is enriched, the construction of sentences becomes more correct and detailed
;
—develops
spatial thinking in the process of moving characters in space;
—are developing
artistic and creative abilities, the child gains self-confidence.
Thus, the development of fine motor skills
The hand is the most important task in
preschool
.
Training the movements of the fingers
and the entire hand is one of the factors that stimulates the further
development
of the child’s higher mental functions: perception, memory, attention, imagination, thinking and speech.
An important role in this is played by the finger theater
, which instills the ability to listen,
develops fine motor skills
, free movement, and allows children to open up.
The finger theater
is a good assistant in the process of preparing a child’s hand for writing, for
the development of motor coordination
.
In the process of studying psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, I came to the conclusion that in recent years interest in this topic has intensified. More and more publications of theoretical and practical materials are devoted to the development of fine motor skills of the hands in preschool children
.
Scientists have proven that the development
of hands is closely related to the state of speech and thinking of the child.
The world of finger puppets - small
, but a magical country in which a child plays, rejoices, learns about the surrounding space, about himself.
Selection of tools and materials
Materials:
Yarn – “Pekhorka” acrylic.
Yarn colors in small quantities: red, flesh-colored, blue, light brown, yellow, green, dark gray, burgundy.
Swamp - about 20 gr.
Dark brown – about 30-40 gr.
Used ballpoint pen refill or whatever you have on hand for a broom handle.
2 black beads for eyes with a diameter of 0.5 cm.
Crochet hook No. 1.
Hooks
The most important tool in knitting is the hook.
Choosing the right tool is not the least important thing. The ability to choose the right hook for the job is the key to success in the work of a true master! The quality of knitted products, as well as labor productivity, largely depend on the correct choice of tools and devices. Therefore, the selection of tools must be approached no less carefully than the selection of materials for knitting.
Hooks can be short (12-15cm) and long (35-45cm). Long hooks are used for Tunisian knitting. They have a cylindrical rod with a ball at the end. Tunisian hooks are available in various sizes.
Short hooks are used for regular knitting. They can be either thick or thin.
Thick hooks (No. 2-6) are used for knitting items made from wool or thick yarn. Thin metal hooks (No. 0.5-1.05) are used to knit openwork lightweight items (lace, napkins). As a rule, the hook should be 1.6-2 times thicker than the thread. If you use a thick hook for thin threads, the knitted fabric will be openwork with large gaps.
A dense fabric can be obtained using thick threads and a thick hook, or a thin hook and thin threads. Any hook consists of three parts: the shaft, the barb and the head. Hooks can be metal, wood, bone, or plastic.
Bone hook . This hook is rightfully considered the most ancient method of crocheting. It has a smooth surface and lightness. The carefully polished bone hook is ideal for knitting. Bone hooks are light and pleasant to work with, but they are fragile and wear off relatively quickly on the yarn. However, at present, very expensive ornamental material is used for crocheting and its production, so it is very rare and expensive.
Wooden hook . The wooden hook is very light and flexible. It is used quite rarely in crocheting work, as it has a significant drawback. When crocheting, there is a rough surface that, when interacting with the thread, destroys its strength. Wooden hooks are only suitable for very thick knitting with a soft elastic thread, otherwise they will quickly break.
Plastic hook . This hook is lightweight, flexible and has a smooth surface. However, this hook also has a drawback: the ability to electrify the yarn, so it is better not to use it for crocheting. It wears off relatively quickly on the yarn. Otherwise, in order to remove static electricity, you will have to periodically spray the fabric and ball of thread with an antistatic agent.
Metal hook . The metal hook is very convenient, as it has sufficient flexibility, strength and a smooth surface. In addition, during crocheting, it does not accumulate static electricity. For crocheting, it is considered best to use a hook made of steel. An aluminum hook is less convenient, as it leaves dark marks on your hands and thread while knitting.
Each hook has its own number. It is equal to the cross-sectional diameter of the hook rod and is indicated by both whole and fractional numbers from 0.5mm to 15mm.
It is very important before crocheting to be able to correctly determine its number when making a product. You can do this yourself: fold the thread in half and twist it. Then select a hook whose diameter is equal to the thickness of the resulting thread.
A hook with a plastic or wooden handle, different in cross-section from a circle, is always more convenient to hold in your hand. It is preferable to use hooks with a flat part of the shaft 3-4 centimeters from its head. Additional support for the thumb and middle (index) finger of the right hand is more comfortable and greatly facilitates your work.
Yarn
Everyone knows that the quality of a product directly depends on the choice of yarn. Before you get to work, you need to decide for what purpose the product will be knitted. Maybe it will be worn in summer on a hot day or in winter on the most severe frost? Or maybe the product will be knitted for a small child? This is all very important when choosing yarn.
The choice of threads for crocheting is very diverse.
It can be wool or half-woolen yarn, synthetic or linen, silk or viscose, as well as natural. You may want to knit a piece from cotton, silk or mohair, cashmere or ribbon yarn. Nowadays, mixed fiber yarn has become very popular.
It is necessary to look at how tightly the thread is knitted on the yarn, a tightly knitted thread is very suitable for crocheting. The thread may also differ in thickness; the choice of the crochet hook itself will depend on this. It is necessary to take into account that thick yarn will make dense things.
When choosing yarn for a new item, you need to determine what pattern will be knitted and what the knitting density will be.
You can combine yarn of different shades and varieties, this will give the item an original color and the desired thickness.
Try stretching the yarn; if it is elastic and tries to restore its original length, then things made from such yarn will be durable. They will not deform even after washing. Be sure to check if there are any knots or irregularities in the yarn. If you knit an openwork pattern, it will look very sloppy.
If your plans are to knit a colored pattern, then you need to check whether the yarn will not fade. You need to wet the end of the thread, place it on a white cloth and iron it. If there are no traces left, then you can start knitting a colored pattern. If you have doubts that the yarn may shed, it is better to knit a single-color product from it.
The ideal yarn for crochet should glide easily and not tangle, then you will not only get a great product, but also great pleasure from working with it.
What are the benefits of finger puppet theater?
Staging fairy tales and various plots of your own composition with the help of finger theater figures has undoubted benefits for a child:
- finger theater develops fine motor skills of the hands (after all, when choosing the order of characters to appear on stage and at many other moments of the production, precise, coordinated work of the fingers is needed);
- trying not to miss the “output” of his character, the baby develops the ability to concentrate;
- by memorizing the characters' lines and trying not to confuse them during the performance, the child trains his memory;
- theatrical performances develop fantasy and imagination, especially when it comes to improvisational scenes;
- The vocabulary is enriched, the construction of sentences becomes more correct and detailed;
- in the process of moving characters around the stage, spatial thinking develops (such important concepts as “left” and “right”, down and up, previous and next are practiced in a playful, unobtrusive form);
- the opportunity to express oneself on stage develops artistic and creative abilities
- Speaking in front of an audience, the child gains self-confidence and becomes more sociable.
And most importantly, with the help of finger theater figures, the wonderful world of a fairy tale opens up before the child, which he can create and remake at will.
Here the child has complete freedom of choice: he can become just a spectator or a budding actor, director and author of the production script. This is not entertainment at all, but a complex study, because the child has the opportunity to act out and analyze on stage many situations that seem unusual or incomprehensible to him. These may be problems related to communication with peers, parents, educators, reflection of the child’s fears and anxieties, analysis of conflicts that have already occurred and the search for the right way out of them. By asking your child to create an improvisation for a particular pedagogically ambiguous situation, you will be able to better understand your child, the motives and reasons for this or that behavior.
We give a topic, for example: “The little squirrel did not want to obey his mother and galloped far into the forest alone.” Ask your child leading questions: What happened to the baby squirrel? Did he become afraid in the thicket, or did he continue to walk happily? Who did he meet along the way? How did he find his way to the house? With the help of dramatizations, you can also play out important changes in a child’s life, such as going to kindergarten or making new friends. As the performance progresses, you will be able to tell your child the correct model of behavior in different situations.
Miniature finger actors will become indispensable assistants in education. They will help and scold if necessary, and explain important points. After all, morality expressed allegorically does not cause rejection and resentment towards the allegedly unfair severity of parents, but from the outside it is much better to see which animal is behaving badly and incorrectly. Finger theater, among other things, is also an opportunity to communicate with a child outside the usual child-parent pattern. By playing as equals, you will become closer to each other, and the child will be able to feel independent and grown up for a while.
Assembly and design of the toy
Assembling the face : sew the chin and nose parts to the head, make drawstrings for the eyes (the needle should go out in the area of the chin - this way we will get an senile expression), sew on beads, embroider warts, eyebrows and mouth in one stroke.
Assembling the scarf : make a fold on the scarf, secure it with a few stitches - this is the front part of the scarf. Tighten the oval with several turns of thread of the same color and sew it to the front of the scarf.
Hair: put a scarf on your head and use pins to mark the border of your hair. Remove the headscarf and begin attaching pre-cut light gray hair in 2 rows. Hair length is at your discretion. After this, put the scarf on your head and sew it on.
See photos #1 and #2.
Assembling the granny : sew the head to the body so that a small hump remains. Sew (link) together the tip of your finger and the edge of the end of the knitting hand (see photo No. 2) - a broom will be inserted into the resulting hole. Then sew on the arms or attach them with thread (I sewed them on). Pin the legs and check the granny for stability. Now the legs can be sewn on.
Assembling the broom : sew the long edges of the broom handle, insert a used ballpoint pen there, and sew up the holes along the edges. You need to leave 2 ends of the thread on one of the ends of the broom handle and make a broom (like a brush).
Cost of materials
Acrylic threads 8 colors - left over from embroidery
The hook was purchased last year to knit a napkin for my mother for her birthday;
The remains of padding polyester from sewing oven mitts for grandma's kitchen were used to stuff the doll.
Beads for the eyes were also found at home.
The amount of money spent on making the toy turned out to be minimal.
I saw a similar product in an online store that cost about 500 rubles, and the materials for my finger puppet were left over from previous crafts. Therefore, making products with your own hands is not only pleasant, but also profitable.
Career guidance
In the process of working on the project “Finger Theater” within the subject of technology, I became acquainted with such a profession as knitting knitwear.
Makes products using a knitting machine. Controls its technical condition and yarn quality. During operation, adjusts the tension and density of the knitting. Responsible for quality and completing products. Highly qualified knitters can, together with a fashion designer, develop samples of knitted weaves and make models based on sketches.
The knitter's workplace is part of the workshop where all the machines being serviced are compactly located. Considering that in the process of work a knitter has to use measuring templates (checking the dimensions of products), scissors, a screwdriver, pliers (replacing needles), tassels, hair brushes, she must have information about the features of using various tools and elements.
Knitted fabrics and various products are made using knitting machines or by hand. Knitwear is formed by intertwined threads and can have a huge variety of patterns. When making a knitted product by hand, knitting needles, hooks, etc. are used. When doing it on a machine, the number of auxiliary tools increases - deckers, needles, carriage...
The knitter threads the machine with threads or yarn, checks the density of the fabric, the correctness of the weave pattern, straightens and, if necessary, changes needles, ties the ends of broken threads with a special knot, and removes the worked fabric or product from the machine. Knitted fabric can be made according to artists’ sketches or independently after developing a knitting technique and pattern and selecting the color and texture of threads and yarn.
Let's give your child a real holiday - finger theater!
Performing technological operations
Safety regulations
- Hooks must be handled very carefully, do not bring them to your face
- Hooks and other devices must be well polished and stored in special cases and boxes.
- You cannot make sudden movements with your hand with a hook in the direction of the person sitting next to you.
- Do not use rusty needles or pins. Needles and pins should be stored in a box with a lid.
- The scissors should lie with the blades closed and should be passed with the rings forward.
- Wet-heat treatment of products should be carried out on an ironing board or a specially equipped table with a working iron.
Sanitary requirements for knitting
- The workplace should be well lit, the light should fall on the work from the left side.
- You should sit straight, touching the back of the chair with your body. The distance from the eyes to the work should be at least 35-40 cm, so that myopia does not develop and particles of the fibers that make up the yarn do not get into the eyes.
- Before starting and after work, you should wash your hands so that the threads and knitted fabric do not get dirty, and there are no small fibers left on your hands.
Self-assessment of your activities
- Use of inexpensive materials.
- Originality
- Availability
The result of the project using the “Finger Theater” technology fully met my expectations. I like the set I made. I am satisfied with my work, as I managed to achieve my goal.
Literature
- A. Krause. Knitting. - Tashkent: Publishing House of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. - 1989.
- G. S. Ilyina. Knitting. Album of models. - M.: Light and food industry. - 1984.
- V. P. Girich. 1000 patterns. – M.: Legkombytizdat. – 1993.
- Album of chain knitting. – St. Petersburg. – 1890.
- L. S. Uss. Knitting. Album of models. – M.: Light and food richness. – 1985.
- Yu. A. Maksimova. Hand knitting. - Moscow. – 1959.
- L. Simferoyapol: Krymizdat. – 1959.
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The use of finger theater as a means of developing dialogic speech in children
Definition 1
Finger theater is a theatrical game organized through the use of small figures that the child puts on his fingers.
The main attribute of the finger theater are miniature characters that the child puts on his fingers and with their help plays certain roles, voicing the characters in his own voice. Basically, finger characters depict heroes of fairy tales or cartoons, or they can be made simply in the form of dolls that are capable of performing a variety of functions and roles.
The use of finger theater in the educational process is aimed at solving a whole range of problems:
- Development and improvement of a child's speech.
- Development of fine motor skills.
- Development of such mental processes as: thinking, imagination, memory and reasoning.
- Development of creative abilities and spatial imagination.
- Formation and development of communication skills.
Finished works on a similar topic
- Course work Finger theater as a means of developing dialogical coherent speech in children 460 rub.
- Abstract Finger theater as a means of developing dialogical coherent speech in children 250 rub.
- Test work Finger theater as a means of developing dialogical coherent speech in children 250 rub.
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The effectiveness of the finger theater is due to the fact that theatrical activities arouse genuine interest and emotional excitement in children, allowing them to show their talents and creativity in a relaxed and fun atmosphere.
In terms of content, finger games are dramatizations of various fairy tales, rhymed stories, rhymes, sayings, nursery rhymes, etc. Both the fingers of one hand and the fingers of two at the same time can take part in the game. In the event that two hands are involved in the game at the same time, this contributes to the assimilation of such concepts as “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, etc.
Note 1
Thus, finger games contribute to the development in children of dexterity, the ability to control their own movements, concentrate attention on the type of activity being performed, as well as the development of coherent dialogical speech (voicing characters).
The main characteristics of finger theater, used as a means of developing dialogic coherent speech:
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- Versatility - you can organize a finger theater at any time and anywhere.
- Short duration - a theatrical performance can be short, no more than 2-5 minutes, but at the same time meaningful and educational.
- Activity and safety - despite the fact that finger theater is a fairly active game, it ensures the safety of physical contact, regardless of whether it is carried out in a group or in pairs.
- Verbal and non-verbal - depending on the purpose of the finger theater, it can contain mainly gestures (development of fine motor skills), facial expressions (warm-up of facial muscles) or abundant speech.
- Game variability - the same plot can be played in a variety of ways.
- Gradual complication of mental and motor tasks.
Finger theater is of particular importance for the development of a child’s speech, which depends on the development of fine motor skills. In this connection, fine motor skills are included in the mandatory complex of children’s speech development.
Thus, finger theater has a dual effect on the child’s speech development. Thus, the development of fine motor skills has a positive effect on the development of the child’s speech, and played theatrical dialogues, when the child speaks for his hero, have a beneficial effect on the development of coherent dialogical speech.
