Presentation “The History of the Russian Matryoshka”
RUSSIAN DOLL
Primary school teacher Ryzhova T.V.
Interesting facts about Matryoshka
The matryoshka doll is considered an original Russian souvenir, which foreigners try to bring from Russia.
Children play with matryoshka dolls with pleasure; dolls serve as decoration for interiors.
But it turns out that the Russian matryoshka does not have Russian roots at all.
There is still no reliable information about where the matryoshka came from; there are a lot of myths and legends about its origin
But most researchers are inclined to this.
History of origin
The prototype of the Russian matryoshka was the figurine of a Japanese god, which, like the matryoshka, moved apart, representing a container for a smaller figurine. The Japanese model, made with great humor, consisted of many figures of the Japanese sage Fukuruma inserted into each other - a bald old man with his head stretched up from numerous thoughts.
The author of the nesting doll was turner Mikhail Zvezdochkin, and the first matryoshka was painted in the image of a peasant girl, soon christened by the people with the common name Matryoshka (Matryona), by artist Sergei Malyutin.
WHY WAS THE DOLL CALLED “MATRYOSHKA”?
Almost unanimously, all researchers refer to the fact that this name comes from the female name Matryona, common in Russia: “The name Matryona comes from the Latin Matrona, which means “noble woman”, in the church it was written Matrona, among the diminutive names: Motya, Motrya, Matryosha, Matyusha, Tyusha, Matusya, Tusya, Musya.
That is, theoretically, a matryoshka could also be called motka (or muska). It sounds strange, of course, but what’s worse, for example, “marfushka”?
Also a good and common name is Martha.
Or Agafya, by the way, popular painting on porcelain is called “agashka”. Although we agree that the name “matryoshka” is a very apt one, the doll has really become “noble”
Symbol of Russian art
The matryoshka immediately gained unprecedented recognition as a symbol of Russian folk art.
Matryoshka dolls began to quickly spread throughout Russia; each province considered it its duty to “dress” a doll in accordance with local traditions.
Sometimes not only the outfit of the nesting doll changed, but also its shape - the doll became either spherical or oblong. The question of where to buy a matryoshka no longer arose - where folk crafts were developed, there were always nesting dolls.
Memory of Russia
Now it’s hard to imagine that two centuries ago there was no such toy in our country.
The peak of the popularity of the nesting doll came in the early 60s of the twentieth century, when foreigners began to come to the Soviet Union to participate in festivals and study.
They all tried to buy Russian nesting dolls as souvenirs of Russia.
Why exactly matryoshka dolls, and not, say, scarves or boxes?
Matryoshka is a symbol of fertility, wealth, motherhood.
Most likely, the reason for the popularity of the souvenir doll was that it was the personification of Russia itself with its broad soul, colorful outfits and large families.
The matryoshka symbolizes the continuation of life. A woman gives birth to a daughter, who in turn will give the world more life, and so on.
Matryoshka is a symbol of fertility, wealth, motherhood.
That is why she enjoys such popular love.
make a wish
There is a belief that if you put a note with a wish inside a nesting doll, it will certainly come true, and the more work put into the matryoshka, the more places there are in it and the better the painting of the doll, the faster the wish will come true.
The more internal figures, one smaller than the other, the more notes with wishes you can put there and wait for them to come true.
This is a kind of game, and the matryoshka here acts as a very charming, sweet, homely symbol, a real work of art.
Matryoshka as a gift
Today you can buy souvenir nesting dolls of the most unusual type - heroes of Russian fairy tales and even politicians. Of course, such nesting dolls are made mainly for foreigners, but what is paradoxical is that foreigners most often buy traditional Russian nesting dolls, and not pretentious remakes.
What is it like, a real Russian nesting doll?
What is considered the standard and where to buy a real Russian nesting doll?
The classic Russian nesting doll consists of five or seven dolls, the smallest of which is a child. The Russian souvenir nesting doll is made of oak or alder, covered with lime mortar to prevent drying and varnish. They paint the nesting dolls with gouache or don’t paint them at all, but burn the design, and so skillfully that at first glance you won’t understand that there is no paint on the nesting doll.
Matryoshka clothes
The outfit of a Russian nesting doll can be very diverse, but, as a rule, there is a painted scarf or kokoshnik and a floral ornament. In the hands of a nesting doll there may be a basket of berries and mushrooms, a bucket of water, or a sickle. You can meet a matryoshka bride and even a matryoshka groom, a matryoshka girl of marriageable age and a matryoshka matryoshka mature woman. Sometimes the artist “dresses” the nesting doll in a winter outfit - a sheepskin coat, a warm scarf, and even felt boots. By the painting you can find out the birthplace of the nesting doll.
Semenovskaya matryoshka
Now let’s get acquainted with Semenov’s nesting dolls. They have bright bouquets on their aprons, the image of which is combined with the shape and size of the toy: the larger the matryoshka, the larger the flowers in its bouquet. The main color of the sundress is red. The black outline marks the edge of the apron and the sleeves of the jacket. On the head is a traditional scarf, decorated along the border. In painting they use the “speckled” technique, which is done with a “poke”.
SERGIEVO POSAD NESTING DOLL
The matryoshka dolls from Sergiev Posad are decorated rather modestly, the colors are not very bright, the doll is dressed in a sundress with an apron, and a scarf on his head.
VYATSKAYA MATRYOSHKA
The Vyatka nesting doll is the most northern of all Russian nesting dolls. She portrays a blue-eyed northern girl with a soft, shy smile. The face of this nesting doll fascinates and attracts you, they are so cute and friendly.
Polkhov Maidan Matryoshka doll
Polkhov - Maidan nesting dolls can be immediately recognized by the unusual shape of the head, the characteristic flower and the crimson color traditional for this painting. Bright and rich colors sound in full force. Dark green goes next to crimson, and blue goes with yellow. All elements are united by a black outline. Masters from Polkhov-Maidan have developed their own special style of decorative flower painting. They strive to decorate their nesting doll in such a way that flowers, berries and leaves cover its figure with a continuous carpet. The face of the nesting doll is sometimes depicted in one black color, surrounded by funny curls.
Matryoshka Hen Ryaba
Matryoshka Turnip
Painting
"The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish"
The girlfriends are different in height,
but they look alike. They all live in each other, And only one toy!
Matryoshka "Kizhi"
I picked up a brush and paints and
became a wizard from a fairy tale. On a nesting doll there is a bright sundress painted to resemble the Polkhovsky Maidan.
Matryoshka
Painting "Zhostovo motif"
"Fedoskino"
