Semyonovskaya matryoshka presentation for children. Presentation “The History of the Russian Matryoshka”. Matryoshka on the window

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RUSSIAN DOLL

Once upon a time, a Japanese traditional wooden doll was brought from Japan, from the island of Honshu. It was the narrow-eyed wooden old man Fukuruma. The fukuruma opened up and contained several more figures nested inside one another.

S.A. was the first to paint a Russian nesting doll more than 100 years ago. Malyutin, and turned by turner Zvezdochkin. Everyone fell in love with the cheerful peasant girl. She was a round-faced peasant girl in an embroidered shirt, sundress and apron, in a colorful scarf, holding a black rooster in her hands. Russian wooden doll called matryoshka

The name Matryona, Matryosha was considered one of the most common female names. This name was associated with the mother of a large family, who had good health and a portly figure.

Making a matryoshka requires great skill. First, select the appropriate type of wood. Because of its softness, linden is mostly chosen, less often alder or birch.

Then you need to turn the workpiece out of wood, so that there is no knot or crack.

All rough edges must be removed.

After final drying and polishing, the smooth surface allows the artist to apply paint evenly

The artist will paint the nesting dolls with bright, cheerful colors, as if dressing them in elegant clothes. And now the Russian beauty is smiling at us.

And now the Russian beauty is smiling at us.

SERGIEVO POSAD MATRYOSHKA This nesting doll is the oldest Russian toy. It is dense, squat, with a smooth transition from the head to the body. In the images of the first such nesting dolls, masters embodied characters taken from life, depicting peasant girls, shepherdesses with a pipe, and old men. The combination of red, blue, yellow and green colors was used to achieve colorfulness and elegance.

SERGIEVO POSAD MATRYOSHKA

SEMYONOVSKAYA NESTING DOLL This nesting doll is slimmer, with a small head and a more rounded body shape. This nesting doll is distinguished by a large bouquet of flowers that decorates the figure of the toy, occupying the entire apron. The main color of the sundress is red. The black outline marks the edge of the apron and shirt sleeves. On the head is a traditional scarf, decorated along the border.

SEMENOVSKAYA NESTING NESTS

POLKHOV-MAIDANSKAYA NESTING DOLL Of all the nesting dolls, it is the thinnest and tallest. These nesting dolls do not have a scarf with tied ends, a sundress and an apron. Instead, there is an oval on a two-color field, on which there are many bright colors. On the head is a half shawl with flowers.

POLKHOV - MAIDAN MATRYOSHKA

ZAGORSKAYA MATRYOSHKA The next matryoshka from the village of Zagorsk is the Zagorskaya matryoshka. These nesting dolls always wear sundresses, a blouse with embroidery, and a scarf on their heads. And on top of the sundress is an apron.

Zagorsk nesting dolls

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Presentation “Russian Matryoshka”

Purpose of the lesson: To know the history of the origin and development of the Russian nesting doll; Learn to create an ornament using variations of different shapes. Tasks :

• Education of artistic taste.
• Development in children of creative imagination, fantasy, ability to understand and appreciate beauty.
• Creating an image in embroidery and painting.

Contents: I. Organizational moment II. Announcement of the topic of the lesson in the form of a riddle: Sisters are hiding in this young woman. Each sister is a prison for the little one. (Matryoshka) III. Announce the purpose and objectives and content of the lesson. IV. Repetition of the material covered takes place in the quiz “Agreement, disagreement” (children work with cards). V. Physical education lesson (checking readiness for the lesson) VI. Introducing a new topic. VII. Test work VIII. Peer review IX. Physical education session (warm-up for the eyes, ophthalmological table) X. Practical work XI. Evaluation of work Studying a new topic begins with a theoretical part (studying the history of the development of the nesting doll) and viewing the presentation. A matryoshka is a wooden, brightly painted doll, hollow inside, in the form of a semi-oval figure, into which other similar dolls of a smaller size are inserted. (Dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov) Although the nesting doll has long gained a reputation as a symbol of our country, its roots are by no means Russian. According to the most common version, the history of the nesting doll originates in Japan. How did this happen? Japan is a land of many gods. Each of them was responsible for something: either for the harvest, or helped the righteous, or was the patron of the happiness of art. Japanese gods are varied and multifaceted: cheerful, angry, wise... Yogis believed that a person has several bodies, each of which was patronized by a god. Entire sets of god figures were popular in Japan. And then at the end of the 19th century, someone decided to place several figures one inside the other. The first such fun was the figurine of the Buddhist sage Fukuruma, a good-natured bald old man who was responsible for happiness, prosperity and wisdom.

The Japanese figurine made its journey to Russia and was met with interest by turner Vasily Zvezdochkin. It was he who carved similar figures from wood, which were also nested inside one another. The famous artist Sergei Malyutin painted the figurine in the Russian style - it was a round-faced, ruddy girl in a colorful scarf, a sundress, with a black rooster in her hand. The toy consisted of eight figures. Girls alternated with boys, and this family was crowned by a swaddled baby. It should be noted that the ability to paint turned items existed in Russia long before the matryoshka doll - in the tradition of turning and painting wooden eggs for Easter. So the Japanese figures found their way onto prepared Russian soil.

The most common name in Rus' was Matryona, if affectionately, then Matryoshka.
That’s what they called the wooden young lady. Over time, the name Matryoshka became a household name. The first Russian nesting dolls were created in Sergiev Posad as fun for children, which helped them master the concepts of shape, color, quantity and size. Such toys were quite expensive. But demand for them appeared immediately. A few years after the appearance of the first nesting doll, almost the entire Sergiev Posad was making these charming dolls. The original plot of the Russian nesting doll is Russian girls and women, rosy-cheeked and plump, dressed in sundresses and scarves, with dogs, cats, baskets, and flowers. The Russian nesting doll became so famous that orders began to come even from abroad. At the beginning of the 20th century, a real matryoshka boom began. In addition to the traditional girl in a sundress, images of shepherdesses with a pipe, bearded men, brides and grooms appeared. Later, thematic nesting dolls appeared, depicting, for example, characters from literary heroes. Thus, for the centenary of N.V. Gogol, a series of nesting dolls was released - the heroes of Gogol’s “The Inspector General”. The theme of fairy tales has also always attracted Russian nesting doll masters. They illustrated “Turnip”, “Ivan Tsarevich”, “Firebird” and others. The imagination of the masters knew no bounds. Today, nesting dolls depicting historical and political figures are quite popular. But the main purpose of the nesting doll - to present a surprise - remains unchanged. How is a matryoshka born? This process is quite complicated and requires considerable skill and patience. Each master has his own secrets. First you need to choose a tree. As a rule, these are linden, birch, and aspen. And it should be smooth, without knots. The tree is cut down in winter or early spring so that there is little sap in it. The trunk is processed and stored so that the wood is blown. It is important not to dry out the log. Drying time is approximately two years. The masters say that the tree should ring. The smallest nesting doll that does not open is the first to be born. Following it is the lower part (bottom) for the next one. The upper part of the second nesting doll is not dried, but is immediately put on the bottom. Due to the fact that the upper part is dried in place, the parts of the nesting doll fit tightly to each other and hold well. When the body of the nesting doll is ready, it is sanded and primed. And then the process begins that gives each nesting doll its own individuality - painting. First, the base of the drawing is applied with a pencil. Then the contours of the mouth, eyes, cheeks are outlined. And then they draw clothes for the matryoshka. Typically, when painting, they use gouache, watercolor or acrylic. Each locality has its own canons of painting, its own colors and shapes. A good nesting doll is distinguished by the fact that: all its figures easily fit into each other; two parts of one nesting doll fit tightly and do not dangle; the drawing is correct and clear; Well, and, of course, a good nesting doll should be beautiful. After familiarizing themselves with the theoretical part of the lesson, children begin practical work. For the full text of the material Presentation “Russian Matryoshka”, see the downloadable file
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Slide captions:

The history of the appearance of the Russian doll

Figurine of Fukuruma The first nesting doll - a chubby and plump cheerful girl in a headscarf and Russian folk dress - was not born in ancient times, as many believe. The prototype for this doll was the figurine of the Buddhist sage Fukuruma, brought to Abramtsevo at the end of the 19th century from the island of Honshu (Japan). The wooden sage had an elongated head and a good-natured face.

The first Russian nesting doll The “parent” of the detachable doll Matryoshka was the hereditary turner Vasily Zvezdochkin, who at the end of the 19th century turned the first copy in the workshop-shop “Children’s Education”, owned by the famous philanthropist and patron of folk craftsmen A.I. Mamontov. This workshop was located in Leontyevsky Lane at exactly the same address where the Matryoshka Museum is located today. The doll was painted by the famous artist Sergei Malyutin, who was a member of the Abramtsevo (Mamontovsky) art circle “World of Art”. The first nesting doll was a girl dressed in a folk costume, and for some reason she had a black rooster in her hands.

What is a matryoshka? Matryoshka is a Russian wooden toy in the form of a painted doll, inside of which there are similar smaller dolls. The number of nested dolls is usually three or more. They are almost always egg-shaped with a flat bottom and consist of two parts - upper and lower. According to tradition, a woman is drawn in a red sundress and a yellow scarf. Themes for painting can be very different.

Museum of nesting dolls in Moscow

Matryoshka Semenovskaya She comes from the quiet green town of Semenov. The uniqueness of the Semyonovskaya nesting doll is its shape and color design: a yellow scarf, a red sundress and a white apron decorated with flowers.

Matryoshka from Sergiev Posad I am from Sergiev Pasad. I am very glad to meet you. The artists gave me a Bright Russian sundress. I have had a pattern on my apron for a long time. My handkerchief is famous for its multi-colored border.

Vyatka matryoshka Our lips are like a bow and our cheeks are like apples, All the people at the fair have known us for a long time, We are Vyatka dolls, more beautiful than everyone else in the world. Our painted, bright sundresses.

Matryoshka dolls of Polkhov Maidan

Voronezh matryoshka Have you heard anything about the Voronezh matryoshka? Funny, egg-shaped, our nesting doll has been around for over 40 years. Its creator's name is Elena Gennadievna Matveeva, and she kindly agreed to tell us the secrets of her art.

How a nesting doll is born Matryoshka dolls are made from larch, linden and aspen, always felled in early spring. The wood is aged for two to three years, then turned on machines and carefully processed. The master meticulously selects the material for the doll, looks for one that does not have any knots or cracks, and only after making sure of the quality of the workpiece does he begin to work. First he sharpens the smallest nesting doll, sometimes it is very tiny, smaller than a fingernail, then bigger, bigger...

Outlining the pattern

Drawing the background

Drawing details

Varnishing and drying

Thank you for your attention!

“Semyonovskaya matryoshka” presentation on the topic

Slide 1

I am from the quiet, green town of Semenov. I came to visit you, I brought a bouquet of garden flowers, pink and burgundy, as a gift.

Slide 3

The city of Semenov has long been a traditional center of crafts for the production of handicraft wooden goods, dishes, toys, and other household products. It is said that Semenov's artisans made their own special nesting doll with its own characteristics and design elements in 1924. Since that time, the production of nesting dolls in the Semenov style has been constantly developing.

Slide 4

The first Semenovskaya nesting doll was made by a skilled turner Averyan Vagin from the village of Merinovo, which was located 8 km from Semenov. His son brought a wooden doll made in Sergiev Posad, painted light green, and depicting a man with a mustache and beard. Similar to Easter eggs. Vagin decided to make a wooden doll from two parts. The first nesting doll was painted purple. The origin of Semyonovskaya matryoshka painting was also associated with the hereditary master Arseny Mayorov. One day, the head of the family, Arsenty Fedorovich, brought an empty, unpainted nesting doll from Nizhny Novgorod. The wooden doll was painted by his daughter Lyuba. Lyuba used a quill pen to draw the outlines, and used a small brush and aniline dyes to fill in the design. Lyuba placed a large bright red flower in the center of the doll.

Slide 5

“Semyonovsky” style of painting nesting dolls For a Semenovskaya nesting doll, the priority is not the set of certain elements, but the choice of colors. Rich warm colors must be used: red, yellow, green, sometimes blue paint is added to them. At the same time, key details are outlined in black, which gives the toy incredible clarity and expressiveness. Among the “Semyonov’s” nesting dolls you will not find male characters or young ladies in expensive dresses. All the figures represent modest peasant girls in simple sundresses with floral patterns. The dolls must have a scarf on their heads, which often has a polka dot pattern. Of course, there are other types of painting: Tver, northern Vyatka, and the famous Khokhloma. They all have unique features.

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MASTER CLASS “MATRYOSHKA PAINTING” 1) The wooden blank must be thoroughly sanded and coated with a primer, and the solution must be applied with a wide synthetic brush. If acrylic primer is used, it must be diluted with water. 2) We outline the main elements of the outfit with a simple pencil and begin to paint, first of all we paint the large details - an apron, a scarf. To be on the safe side, you can draw a sketch of the matryoshka’s clothes on paper. 3) Now you can move on to small elements and patterns. To mix shades, it is convenient to use toothpicks and cotton swabs. 4) Lastly, we “make” the face: you need to draw eyes with eyelashes, eyebrows with a house, lips and a gentle blush in circles. For children, this stage usually seems the most difficult, because... requires extreme care. 5) We draw thin black contours with a brush No. 0, having previously practiced on paper. 6) The matryoshka is ready!

Slide 7

. Games - manual “Russian nesting doll” Purpose: To introduce children to the history of the nesting doll as a folk craft; develop children's sensory skills; give an idea of ​​color harmony; enrich children's horizons about toys; learn to get joy from learning new things. “Matryoshka is a wonderful toy” (Introduction to the history of the nesting doll) “Assemble the nesting doll” “Dress up the nesting doll” “Find a sister”

What is a matryoshka?

If you try to define this toy, it would be something like this: a matryoshka is a Russian wooden doll, inside of which are nested dolls similar to it, differing in size and painting.

The first such wooden toy was presented to the people in the form of eight alternations of girls and boys, who held black roosters and small chickens in their hands, and the last, smallest one, was made in the form of a swaddled baby. All eight dolls were painted with bright colors using folk motifs. This first nesting doll was carved by toy maker V.P. Zvezdochkin, and painted by the artist S.V. Malyutin.