When summer ends, it's time to prepare for winter, although it seems that the first cold weather is still far away. For those who live in private homes, preparing for winter includes not only buying warm clothes and planning New Year's holidays, but also taking care of the successful overwintering of garden plants. Some trees and shrubs used in landscape design will not survive wintering in the natural climate of Kazan, since they come from more southern latitudes. To preserve their life until spring, proper preparation of plants for winter is necessary.
Weather influence
It is worth knowing how climatic factors affect the life of plants:
- If the thermometer drops below minus 35 degrees Celsius, absolutely all garden plants need protection from frost;
- Particularly dangerous for trees and shrubs are early frosts that occur before a stable snow cover has formed, as well as freezing rain;
- If the summer was rainy and not hot (as in 2020), then we should expect a long growing season that will not end until cold weather sets in. This is due to the fact that the soil in the Kazan region is highly nutritious, and when saturated with moisture, it becomes even more favorable for plants. Extended growing season threatens shoots freezing.
- Autumn is also dangerous for plants, with sharp temperature fluctuations - from frosts below zero to warm, summer-like days.
Therefore, if you do not live outside the city all year round, but leave the site in the fall, you should hurry up with preparing the plants for winter.
Summary of a lesson on cognitive development “How animals prepare for winter.” Junior group
Summary of a lesson on cognitive development “How animals prepare for winter.” 2nd junior group (3 - 4 years old).
Goal: continue to introduce children to wild animals. Objectives: to consolidate children’s knowledge about the seasons; cultivate a caring attitude towards animals; develop attention, coherent speech, listening skills. Preliminary work: conversation about the seasons, didactic game “Wild Animals and Their Cubs”; looking at the illustration “Autumn in the Forest.” Equipment: toys or illustrations (hare, squirrel, bear).
Progress of the lesson
Guys, what time of year is it now?
(Autumn). Winter will come soon, snow will fall and it will be difficult for the animals to find food: there is no grass or berries.
The teacher offers to find out how animals prepare for winter and shows the illustration “Autumn in the Forest.” We will now go to the forest. It's cold outside. Let's dress warmer. Game "Let's get dressed for a walk."
We’ll put new boots on our feet
(show boots) , We’ll put on a warm scarf (hug ourselves by the neck) , And we’ll say to winter: “Hello, winter!” (arms forward and in different directions) . We are not afraid of you (jumping) . Well, let's go into the forest! We stomp-stomp with our feet, clap-clap with our hands! We've arrived in the woods! Let's take a breath of fresh air. Guys, what are the names of the animals that live in the forest? (Wild). Now I will tell you riddles, and you try to guess them. There’s not a bird on the branch – It’s a small animal, The fur is warm, like a hot water bottle. Who is this?... (Squirrel) What is a squirrel doing in the forest? (Jumps through the trees, collects mushrooms, acorns, berries) . She puts all her supplies in a hollow. A hollow is a squirrel's house. Winter is not scary for her. She will feed on what she brought into the hollow in the fall. What are the names of baby squirrels? (Squirrels) . He wears a gray fur coat in the summer, He wears a white one in the winter, He meanders across the lawn, Did you guess it? This is... (Bunny) . That's right, it's a bunny. The hare also lives in the forest. What are the names of baby rabbits? (Hares) . Hares are gray in summer and white in winter. They run through the forest, gnawing tree bark and branches. The hare does not have a house; he sleeps under bushes and trees. He is big and clumsy, clumsy and funny. Who is this? That's right, it's a bear. The bear is also preparing for winter. He makes himself a den, insulates it and sleeps there all winter. He's warm there. What are the names of baby bears? (Bear cubs) . Guys, it's time for us to say goodbye to the forest. Let's say goodbye to the forest! Here we are in kindergarten. Did you enjoy the trip? We visited the forest and learned how animals prepare for winter.
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Summary of a game lesson for young children on the topic: Winter
To-do list
Be sure to follow these steps to ensure your garden survives the winter well:
- Change the feeding regime. Already in mid-summer, it is necessary to stop applying nitrogen fertilizers to slow down plant growth. Instead, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers should be applied to speed up the growing season.
- Plant seedlings. The end of September and beginning of October is the ideal time to propagate existing plants and plant new ones.
- Trim plants. Before winter sets in, remove damaged and excess branches. The cut areas should be treated with garden varnish for further healing.
- Collect the remains of the harvest. Even if you no longer need the fruits, you should not leave them on the branches over the winter. It is better to share the harvest with friends and acquaintances, or, as a last resort, compost it.
- Tidy up the trunks. Trees need to be whitewashed. If you use disposable gun belts, they should be thrown away, and reusable ones should be washed and put away before spring. Instead, you need to wrap the trunks with a metal mesh or roofing felt to protect them from rodents.
- Treat the garden with insecticides if you notice signs of disease on the trunks. The most popular insecticides are: Horus, Aktara, Karbofos.
Clean up the garden. Fallen leaves and other debris should be removed to reduce the likelihood of weeds, pests, and plant diseases appearing on the site. It is better to collect fallen leaves in one pile and then sprinkle them with lime, thereby preparing fertilizer for the next season.- Cover heat-loving plants. Heat-loving trees and shrubs, as well as plants of the first year of life, should be isolated from the effects of frost.
- Tie evergreens with twine. Otherwise, the spreading branches may break, unable to withstand the weight of the snow.
- Preserve the automatic watering system. However, if frosts are not in a hurry to occur after conservation, it is necessary to continue watering the garden manually.
- Update garden tools. Broken ones should be repaired or replaced with new ones.
- Inspect the area carefully. Make a plan to improve the appearance of the area next year.
Summary of the GCD “How trees prepare for winter”
- October 22, 2015
Competition “My Pedagogical Initiative - 2015”
Nomination “Methodological work in preschool educational institutions”
Topic of the lesson: “How trees prepare for winter” (using the ecological fairy tale “Girl-Autumn”).
Educational objectives:
- Consolidating children's knowledge about the signs of autumn.
- Formation of a system of knowledge about plant life in the autumn period: understanding the patterns of natural phenomena, the cyclical nature of changes in nature; concretizing children's ideas about the autumn colors of trees.
Developmental tasks:
- Development of analytical abilities: the ability to compare, analyze and establish cause-and-effect relationships and draw conclusions.
- Development of imagination, creative abilities of children, emotional sphere through play-dramatization.
- Development of figurative and demonstrative speech in children.
Educational tasks:
- Fostering in children a careful and caring attitude towards the plant world (trees) as living beings; feelings of importance and necessity of everything that happens in nature.
Materials and equipment for the lesson:
1. Tape recorder, audio recording: P.I. Tchaikovsky "Autumn" from the cycle "Seasons". 2. Autumn leaves from different trees. 3. Leaves made of colored paper (green on one side, red, yellow, brown, etc. on the other) 4. Drape and plumes for rain. 5. Wind mask and scarf. You can purchase pencils, paints, plasticine and other stationery for classes on the website www.kanc-magazin.ru
Preliminary work
Cognitive development:
1) Topic: “Nature on the territory of the kindergarten.” Objectives: To introduce children to the nature of their immediate environment, to teach them to distinguish parts of a plant, to form ideas about the connections of plants and animals with each other and with inanimate nature, to develop educational games; - 2) Topic: “Nature in the city.” Objectives: To introduce children to the nature of their immediate environment, to develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships (plants and their habitat conditions). 3) Topic: “How to help nature in the city.” Objectives: To form initial ideas about environmentally conscious behavior, to help in understanding the connection between people’s behavior and the state of their environment. 4) Topic: “Who eats what.” Objectives: To form ideas about the diversity of fruits and seeds; their roles in human life; about the relationship between plants and animals. 5) Topic: “What are seeds for?” Objectives: To form ideas about fruits, their diversity and purpose, to arouse interest in research activities. 6) Topic: “Poets and writers about autumn.” 7) Theme: “Autumn is on the threshold” (based on the story by N. Sladkov; “Autumn is on the threshold”).
Productive activities.
A) Application: “Colored flowerbed”, “autumn still life”, “leaves on the window”, “gifts of autumn”. B) Modeling: Dancing leaves" (decorative, relief), "Rowan branch", "Apples" C) Drawing: "Trees in our city", "Riddles from the garden", "Autumn colors, autumn leaves" D) Construction: " Friends are pretenders" (natural material)
Didactic games:
1. “Nature and man” (the ability to distinguish between nature and non-nature.) 2. “Recognize a leaf” 3. “Find a leaf, like on a tree” (teach children to classify plants according to a certain characteristic; find a part from the whole) 4. “Wonderful bag" (to consolidate the ability to distinguish and name fruits and vegetables; highlight their characteristic features). 5. “Forest School” (consolidating children’s knowledge about forest gifts). 6. Nature “One, two, three - run to the tree” (to consolidate children’s knowledge about trees). 7. “Children on the branches”
Work outside of class:
- Examination of paintings: I. Grabar “Autumn Leaves”; K. Korovin “Autumn” Examination of illustrations depicting an autumn landscape, insects, birds, animals.
- Solving riddles on the topic: “What autumn has brought us.”
- Reading and viewing (illustrations) of books: A. Vakhrushev “World and Man”, A. Pleshakov “Green Pages”. Learning poems; K. Balmont “Autumn”, L. Divorce “Mischiefs”
Observations:
- Changes in illumination during the day;
- temperature change;
- slowing down plant growth;
- distinguishing trees, shrubs, grasses by trunks, branches, remains of fruits, leaves;
- disappearance of insects (finding places of accumulation);
- departure of insects and birds.
Progress of the lesson
1. Introductory part. Conversation about autumn.
Educator: Guys, guests came to our lesson today. Let's say hello to them. (Children say hello, go to the chairs, and sit down).
- Guys, I suggest you listen to music. (The musical excerpt “Autumn” by P.I. Tchaikovsky from the work “The Seasons” is played).
- Children, what time of year did this piece of music remind you of? Why? (Autumn, nature is sad, summer has gone, etc.)
- What time of year is it now? (Children's statements).
- Or maybe spring? (Children prove that it’s autumn outside. Signs of autumn).
Educator: One of the brightest and most noticeable signs of autumn is yellow strands in the foliage. Guys, which tree starts to turn yellow first? People have a lot of sayings about this. Who wants to tell? Expressions of children (“The linden tree blinked with a variegated leaf - autumn called”).
Educator: Well done, guys! They say there are two autumns? What are their names? (Children's statements: (early autumn or golden; the other - late).
Educator: Yes, children, one joyful autumn, lushly decorated with flowers, foliage, rich in harvest. The other is unsightly, covered in rags of falling leaves, sad with the quiet cry of rain, with heavy clouds in the sky. Guys, let's try to find a lot of definition words for the first golden autumn. (Children select definitions - beautiful, golden, colorful, luxurious, generous, rich in harvest, cheerful, bright, cool, etc.)
Educator: Listen to how beautifully the poet Tyutchev wrote about this nature:
There is a short but wonderful time in the original autumn. The whole day is as if it were crystal, And the evenings are radiant.
Educator: Guys, what words can you choose to describe late autumn? (Children's answers: cold, rainy, wet, crying, sad).
Educator: Well done! Guys, I offer you the game “Good - Bad”. Autumn is good because...(children's answers). This wonderful, fabulous autumn will bring both joy and sadness. And that's probably a good thing.
2. Main part. Magic transformations
Educator: Guys, do you know any fairy tales about autumn? About nature? (Children's answers). Remember the fairy tale “Autumn Girl”, which I came up with with the guys? (Children's answer). Do you want to become the heroes of this fairy tale? (Children: Yes!) Choose who you will be! (Distribution of roles).
Educator: One, two, three - sound the music, lead us into a fairy tale...
There lived a girl. Her name was autumn. She was a kind girl. The Autumn Girl made sure that there was order in her kingdom. And in this kingdom beautiful trees grew. And they all wore green dresses. The Autumn Girl decided to change her green dresses.
Autumn Girl: I will give you a colorful, bright outfit: golden, crimson, purple. And you, the Christmas tree, remain in this unusual, needle-green dress. I really like it.
Educator: It became so beautiful! The Autumn Girl was pleased with herself. She gave the trees bright, colorful dresses, and in return they gave her their smiles. And the Autumn Girl listened to the breeze whispering with the curly birch tree. She admired the hardworking rain, which more and more often washed every leaf in her kingdom. But then one day the trees became sad among themselves.
– I have the most beautiful dress: golden, shiny! - Berezka spoke.
– And I have red, beautiful! – Osinka interrupted her.
And there was such a noise! The Autumn Girl did not like this. She decided to show the debaters and asked her friend:
Autumn Girl: Wind! Wind! Rip off their beautiful, colorful dresses!
Educator: With noise and whistling, he flew into the trees. The leaves trembled. The Wind began to tear off their clothes, tear them and throw them down. The entire earth was covered with a bright carpet. And the trees remained bare. Only El was in her green dress, because she did not participate in the argument. The trees felt ashamed of their actions. And they began to ask the Autumn Girl:
Trees: Autumn Girl, please forgive us. Give us back beautiful, colorful dresses.
Autumn Girl: No! Will not forgive! I love my kingdom and the order in it.
Educator: Soon the Autumn Girl took pity on them.
Autumn Girl: Okay! I will delight you with a colorful outfit only for a few months a year. Then the Wind will blow it away.
Educator: And this was repeated every year...
3. Ecological conversation
Educator: The fairy tale is over. One, two, three - come out of the fairy tale. So we returned to kindergarten again. Guys, does this happen in nature? What is happening in nature with trees now? (Children's statement). Guys, is the fairy tale true? (Children's statements).
Educator: Guys, do you know why trees shed their leaves in the fall? (Children's statement).
Educator: In autumn, the leaves lack sunlight and warm air. They change color and fade. In the place where the petiole sits on the branch (the teacher shows the branch), a flabby belt is formed - the leaf, even in calm weather, comes off and falls to the ground. And when strong winds begin to blow, they tear the luxurious outfit from the trees. This phenomenon is called?... (Leaf fall). This is how trees and shrubs prepare for winter. In winter, trees “sleep” and food and water do not flow from the ground to the leaves. In addition, if snow lingered on the leaves, the branches could break off. (While showing a branch with leaves, the teacher draws the children’s attention to the fact that the branch was picked up from the ground, and not a tree branch was broken).
Educator: Guys, I would like to ask you another question: “Did the Autumn Girl do the right thing?” (Children's statement).
Educator: Guys, would you like to draw the heroes of this fairy tale? (The teacher thanks the children and everyone goes to draw. Music plays).
Follow-up work
1. Topic: “Tree-house and dining room for animals.” Objectives: To form primary ideas about the diversity of plants, their structure, and the relationships of trees with other plants and animals.
2. Topic: “Forest House”. Objectives: To form primary ideas about the forest as a community of living organisms interconnected, about the diversity of forests and the need for their protection, about the rules of behavior while staying in the forest.
3. Topic: “Christmas tree - green needle.”
Author: Uskova Anna Evgenievna, teacher of the compensating group of the Moscow State Administrative Institution, combined kindergarten No. 390, Nizhny Novgorod.
Tree preparation
To determine how ready a tree is for wintering, you should check the level of woodiness of the annual growth of shoots:
- 50% – unpreparedness;
- 75% – satisfactory readiness;
- 100% – good readiness.
Trees that are not ready for winter should be provided with shelter from the cold and insulating circles around the trunk should be placed.
Branches should be pruned in dry, warm weather. All broken, dried out and diseased branches should be removed. If necessary, you can give the crown the desired decorative shape. The cut should remain even and smooth. That is why you cannot cut branches in frosty weather - in this case, cracks will appear along the bark. Treat the cuts with garden varnish.
Autumn whitewashing will help protect the trunks from sunburn in the spring, and will also protect them from pests in the coming season. Before whitewashing, the trunk should be cleared of areas of dead bark, lichens and mosses - these are the places where garden pests prefer to spend the winter.
In winter, do not allow snow to accumulate on tree branches. Be sure to shake it off so that the branches do not break under the weight of the snow cover.
How trees and shrubs prepare for winter
Looking at the empty garden, it may seem that the trees, having dropped their leaves at once, fell asleep. But that's not true. Preparing for winter is a complex and lengthy process.
In the second half of summer, trees and shrubs, having completed their growth, begin to harden. Young annual shoots should have time to become lignified by the cold weather. The bark covering them turns from green to brown, burgundy or gray - depending on the characteristics of the species and variety. And by falling leaves, plants insure themselves against death in winter. Otherwise the falling snow would have damaged them. In addition, leaves are known to evaporate moisture. In winter, evaporation is impossible, since in frost the cell sap cannot move along the stem. Plus, trees breathe in winter 200 - 400 times weaker than in summer. Therefore, when it gets cold, only those buds that can withstand frosts down to minus 35 - 40 degrees remain on the shoots. Thick bark also softens sharp fluctuations in winter temperatures. In spring, it protects against sunburn. But with the fall of leaves, life inside the plant does not die out. The hydrolysis of starch is even more active. The content of soluble nitrogen compounds also increases, and their concentration increases. The metabolic rate drops sharply. And the so-called true dormant period begins in tree crops. It is also called organic or deep.
Preparation of bushes
In shrubs, as in trees, all diseased or unnecessary branches should be cut off before the onset of cold weather. Do not forget to treat the cut areas with garden varnish. Then it is necessary to mulch and fertilize the soil around all garden shrubs. If the buds of a shrub may freeze over the winter (as happens with a rose), you need to cover it with compost, soil or humus. Bushes are also insulated with screens made of non-woven or polymer material; heat-loving plants should be additionally bent to the ground.
Lawn preparation
The lawn must be cleared of fallen leaves and dead grass using a rake. In winter, the grass should be mowed to a height of no more than 5 cm. If bald spots have formed on the green carpet, you should reseed the grass or repair the turf if the area has a rolled lawn, and then water these areas. At the end of autumn, you need to apply potassium fertilizer to strengthen the root system of the grasses. Even when snow falls, it is better not to walk on the lawn unless necessary, so as not to harm the wintering grass.
How animals prepare for winter.
“How animals prepare for winter” (for children of the 2nd junior group).
Program content:
Reinforce knowledge about the life of wild animals in autumn.
To develop skills in forming feminine and masculine nouns.
Improve concepts many, one.
Develop logical thinking, attention, speech, fine motor skills.
Continue learning to solve riddles.
Foster a desire to care for and help animals.
Materials and equipment:
Dunno doll in summer clothes, autumn clothes for the doll, pictures of a bear, a hare, squirrels, white fur coats for bunnies, nuts in a basket.
Progress:
- Guys, look, Dunno has come to visit us. Let's say hello to him.
- Dunno, why are you dressed so lightly? Do you know what time of year it is outside? Guys, let's tell Dunno what time of year it is outside. What is the weather like in autumn? How do people dress in the fall? Guys, let's dress Dunno so that he doesn't freeze in the fall.
— Guys, what can you wear in the fall?
(We look at the clothes and choose the ones we need for the season, then we put on Dunno one by one).
D/game “Dress Dunno”
- This is how we dress in the fall. Let's get dressed and go for a walk with Dunno.
(Children, together with the teacher, dress sequentially - imitate).
- What haven’t we put on yet? Of course, boots, so as not to get your feet wet.
“Here they are, boots: This one is from the left foot, This one is from the right foot. If it starts to rain, Let's put on our boots: This one is on the right leg, This one is on the left leg. That’s so good.”
- Now we are ready for the walk.
- Guys, Dunno invites us to take a walk in the forest. Do you want to visit the autumn forest?
(Children walk around the group, look at the beauty of the autumn forest, name the trees, name the leaves (birch, rowan).
- Let's sit down on the stumps and relax. Listen to my riddle.
(Looking at the paintings on the easel - a bear, a hare, a squirrel).
- Who goes?
"Through the slums and ravines,
He walks with a master's step.
And when he sees honey,
He’ll crush all the raspberries.”
- That's right, bear. What does a bear eat? Where does a bear go to sleep for the winter? What are the cubs' names? What is the name of the bear's mother? Let's say in unison - a bear. What's your dad's name? Let's say together - a bear.
- Next riddle. Who is this?
“A ball of fluff, a long ear,
Jumps deftly, loves carrots"
- That's right, bunny. What is the name of the little bunny's mother? And dad?
(Choral answers - hare, hare). What does a bunny eat in the forest? Do you know that a bunny changes its coat twice a year? It is gray in summer and white in winter.
What color is a hare's fur in summer? What color is the snow in winter? So the bunny’s fur coat is white in winter. What does a bunny do when he is hunted by a fox and a wolf? He hides in the snow, white fur coat and white snow. This is how the bunny prepares for winter.
Insulation instructions
To protect shrubs and garden trees from frost, you need to reliably insulate them with insulation according to the following scheme:
- Install the frame for the insulation. The frame material can be wire arcs, construction mesh, wooden beams, etc.
- Throw insulation onto the frame (geotextile, non-woven material, agrospan, lutrasil);
- Add a layer of plastic film on top;
- Secure the structure with twine;
- When a thaw occurs, moisture will form inside such a frame, so when warm weather sets in, the structure should be ventilated;
- Before pouring the tree trunk circle, the soil should be loosened to control pests;
- Insulate the roots by mulching with expanded clay or peat.
Low herbaceous perennials, such as roses, tulips, daffodils, can be insulated for the winter with spruce branches, straw or geotextiles.
