In the world of "TANGRAM". A toy for all times...

Tangram. History of origin.

This famous puzzle comes from China. According to legend, it was invented by the teachers of the emperor’s son - a mathematician, artist and philosopher. With the help of an exciting game, they taught the lazy heir calculations and combinatorial thinking. They taught us to comprehend the beauty of images and to understand the complex world through simple figures. The puzzle is a square of seven geometric shapes. By moving and arranging the figures, you can come up with more than 6 million compositions. In China it is called “chi-chao-tu”. Translated as “seven planks of skill” or “pattern of seven smart parts.” In Europe, tangrams were made from expensive wood and ivory. Many historical celebrities were fond of it, such as Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Hill, Lewis Carroll.

Before the advent of computers and various electronic games, tangram was popular along with chess and dominoes. Currently, tangram is more often used in children's educational institutions for the development of children.

Tangram game rules

In the game of tangrams, the following rules must be observed:

When composing images, the entire set of parts is used as a whole;
The parts of the geometric constructor are attached to each other;
You cannot overlap parts on top of each other.

Riddles can make the TANGRAM game even more interesting.

I bring to your attention a few pages from my book. Guessing riddles and, at the same time, constructing a solution from tangram elements perfectly develops logical, visual-figurative and spatial thinking.

Tangram game for preschoolers: goals and objectives

Tangram develops many abilities. One of the goals of the tangram is to teach children to independently find solutions. By putting the figures in one order or another, preschoolers try different options, choosing the optimal composition in accordance with the given rules. The magic square, like other logical tasks and puzzles, perfectly activates mental activity and develops character.

Tasks:

To develop in children memory, attention, fine motor skills, various types of thinking (logical, spatial, imaginative, constructive), intelligence, imagination,
To develop children's perception of color and shape,
Teach to follow instructions and play according to given rules,
To develop perseverance and patience as necessary qualities for the future school period,
To instill in children responsibility and a serious attitude towards completing the assigned task.

At what age do they play tangram?

There are many opinions, successful and unsuccessful experiences of teaching geometric puzzles to children of different ages. Often, preschoolers 2.5 years old do not yet understand the rules of the game. Children 3-4 years old are quite capable of moving and folding figures, but they do not always have enough perseverance. As a rule, it ends with 2-3 compositions under the guidance of a teacher or mother, then a switch of attention and types of activities is required. But the most diligent children of 3.5 - 4 years old can already come up with images themselves or assemble them according to existing patterns. And if you interest them not just in composing figures, but in making a multi-colored tangram, and organically interweave a fairy tale, a narrative with elements of adventure and vivid images during the lesson, then preschoolers can independently come up with unexpected solutions to the puzzle.

At what age does a child start playing tangram? Each teacher or parent decides for himself. Children may master it very early, or may not show interest even in older preschool age. The child should be ready for puzzles of this kind.

The teacher should take into account that if the activity involves making a tangram with their own hands, then the children must be able to work with scissors.

Didactic game - puzzle for preschoolers. Tangram

Didactic puzzle game “Tangram”
Author:
Tolstopyatova Iraida Anatolyevna, teacher at the MADOU “Sorceress” in Labytnangi, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Purpose:
This game introduces children to geometric shapes, teaches them how to fold certain shapes, and is recommended for children of middle and senior preschool age, as well as for teachers and parents.
Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"

Goal: To teach children to play puzzle games on their own, to be able to lay out a variety of silhouettes from a set of geometric shapes. Objectives: To develop children’s spatial understanding, constructive thinking, logic, imagination, and intelligence. Develop fine motor skills to prepare children for school. Cultivate patience and perseverance. Rules of the game:
The following rules must be observed in the game: 1. When creating images, the entire set of parts is used. 2.The parts of the geometric constructor are attached to each other. Does everyone know what a tangram is? This is one of the famous puzzles. She was born in China more than 3,000 years ago. From the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can create many different objects and animal figures. Draw a square like this on cardboard and divide it into parts. To begin, ask your child to put these pieces back together into a square. It is better if the child completes the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then, of course, you can use the sample.

These figures are used to create a variety of silhouettes. It is easier for a child to do this using samples with drawn components. Outline patterns are more difficult to reproduce. Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, create his own version. Such activities are useful in preparing children for school. Ball of fluff - Long ear. Jumps deftly, loves carrots (hare).

Cunning cheat - Red head. Lives in the forest, steals chickens in the village (fox).

He sleeps in a den in winter under a huge pine tree. And when spring comes, the bear wakes up from sleep.

Not a horseman, but with spurs. It's winged, but doesn't fly well. On the lashes and fences (the rooster) sings songs.

The girl can be laid out in another way.

The Christmas tree is laid out in different ways.

You can create pictures by first laying them out on the table and then gluing them onto paper.

To prevent the shapes from getting confused, I glued envelopes for them, and the geometric shapes were of different colors, so that it would be easier to arrange them in the envelopes.

Thank you!

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Tangram: a fairy tale with tasks

The most interesting option for a lesson with a magic square for children would be an activity in the form of a fairy tale. You can choose any fairy tale in accordance with the age interests of preschoolers.

Take, for example, the cartoon “The Adventures of Luntik and His Friends.” All of his characters are well known to preschoolers. You can invite them to collect the image of the main character - Luntik, Baba Kapa, General Sher, Kuzya, Bee, Vupsen and Pupsen, the toad Klava and others.

As a rule, all children remember the beginning of the fairy tale: “Once upon a time, a baby was born on the Moon...”. Further, in accordance with the plot of the selected series, the heroes can meet in a flower meadow (collect a flower), play a ball (collect a ball), sit at the table and drink tea with pie (collect a table, then dishes, pie...).

In accordance with the age characteristics and interests of preschoolers, the teacher can complicate the lesson by introducing a competitive element: boys collect male characters - Luntik, Kuzya, the spider Shnyuk, and girls - female characters - Mila, Baba Kapa, butterflies, toad Klava, leech, etc. .

You can also watch one of your favorite cartoon series with the kids and together choose images of characters and objects to compose them from tangram figures.

When offering tangram tasks to children, it is important for the teacher to remind preschoolers to follow the rules of the game.

The tangram game perfectly develops intelligence, imagination, logical thinking, and teaches the basics of geometry. The tangram game is undoubtedly useful for preschoolers.

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Who invented the tangram?

Nobody knows the answer to this question. Here on the Internet I found several interesting legends that shroud the mystery of the appearance of the Chinese puzzle.

According to the first of them, more than 4 thousand years ago in China, a porcelain tile fell out of the hands of one artisan in China and broke into 7 fragments - the same ones that we already know about. The man got upset and began to hastily try to put them together, however, over and over again he received more and more new combinations. His awkwardness provided the basis for a surprising activity.

According to the second story from the depths of antiquity, the tangram appeared to teach the negligent son of the Chinese emperor the basics of mathematics. This happened 2.5 thousand years ago. Three wise men were called upon to invent a game that would be to the liking of the little heir.

As a result, the artist, philosopher and mathematician came up with a puzzle that taught the emperor’s son to look at the world with the keen eye of an artist, gave him the basics of mathematics and made him patient, showing that the complex always consists of the simple.

There is a third secret about the seven books of the great Chinese sage Tang, each of which describes a thousand figures collected from a great square. What’s interesting is that each book with combinations is a continuation of the next one, and together they represent the seven stages of the development of life on Earth, starting with chaos, degenerating into the simplest forms, then into images of animals, into human creations and architectural structures.

Modern science associates the appearance of the tangram with 1780. This is the first date that introduces the figurines through the work of a Chinese artist. On his canvas, people are putting together something from tans. Until this time, neither archaeologists nor scientists had found any official mention of the puzzle.

Europeans became acquainted with the game only at the beginning of the 19th century, when it came with Chinese sailors to an American shipowner in the form of an ivory gift. It is believed that the name of the puzzle consists of two roots: “tan” - Chinese, and “gram” - letter. At first it was not a toy for entertainment at all, but a means of teaching geometry.