The essence of the concepts: understanding the terminology
In many methodological sources, the concepts of a sports game and a sports exercise are identified. However, this is not the same thing. Sports games are individual sports that involve team or individual competition, defined by specific rules (football, hockey, volleyball). Sports exercises are ways to solve certain motor tasks (for example, riding a bicycle in a straight line or in a circle in the second junior group or sliding, standing or crouching, along an ice path in the preparatory group). Since in a preschool institution not only games and exercises are practiced, but also exercises of a playful nature (for example, throwing a ball into a basket with both hands from the chest in the middle group), it makes sense to talk about a concept that includes all these elements - sports games and exercises .
Children usually take part in sports activities with great pleasure.
Goals and objectives of conducting sports games and exercises
The mission of conducting sports games and exercises is to create conditions for:
- physical development (sport strengthens the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems of the body, trains agility, endurance, pace and rhythm of movements);
- mental development (children learn to navigate in space and time, and due to the need to perform game tasks in a certain time frame, thinking processes are activated and intelligence is stimulated);
- communicative development (while participating in sports games, children learn to interact with each other and with adults in the team);
- moral and spiritual education (during participation in sports activities, children develop self-discipline, will, honesty, self-control, etc.).
This is interesting. For all age groups, the goals and objectives of organizing sports games and exercises will be the same, but with the development of tasks of different complexity.
To achieve these goals, when organizing games and exercises of a sports nature, it is assumed to solve such problems as:
- obtaining initial ideas about various sports;
- enriching the experience of movements (for example, in the middle group, children learn to kick the ball in football or throw it over the net in volleyball, etc.);
- training in the technical nuances of performing elements of sports exercises and games (for example, in the senior group, for a stronger and more directed shot at the goal in hockey, players learn to hold the stick with both hands);
- development of a sustainable interest in sports activities of a gaming and non-game nature (for example, in early preschool age this is achieved by tasks of an entertaining nature - take a doll for a ride on a sled, etc.);
- fostering independence (if at first, in younger groups, the teacher shows games and exercises, then later the children themselves show initiative in choosing games);
- development of desire for a healthy lifestyle;
- the formation of aesthetic and ethical ideas about the world around and the interaction of people.
This is interesting. Sports games and exercises are conducted by a physical education instructor during physical education classes, as well as by a teacher during walks and during leisure time.
Sports exercises and games are carried out outdoors or indoors, by a teacher or physical education instructor
Video: sports exercises and games as a means of mutual education for children of different ages in kindergarten
Classification of sports games
In the methodological literature you can find several classifications of sports games and exercises based on different defining features.
Table: main types of sports games
| Criterion | Kinds | Examples (age group) |
| By complexity | Elementary | This classification is based on the level of difficulty of performing game actions. At the same time, the content component remains the same. So, for example, in the game “Traps” in the younger group, the driver needs to catch and catch the kids running around the playground. In the same game in the older group, the driver is blindfolded, which complicates his task. |
| Complex | ||
| By content | Plot | Folk games |
| Plotless | Runs, relay races, games with balls, pins, etc. | |
| Fun games | “Ladushki”, “Horned Goat” (first junior group). | |
| Amusement games | “Who is faster” in the older group (children wind thread on two spools from different ends, the task is to wind it to the middle faster than the opponent). | |
| Competitive Games | Volleyball, football, hockey | |
| On the development of leading physical qualities | For agility and speed | “Mousetrap” (senior preschool age): several people, holding hands, form a “mousetrap” circle, the rest run around, pretending to be mice. At the driver’s command: “Mousetrap,” the guys in the circle raise their hands, the “mice” run in on one side and run out on the other. At the signal: “The mousetrap has slammed,” the children lower their hands and sit down. Those “mice” that did not have time to leave the circle are eliminated. |
| Endurance | “Changing places” (middle, senior preschool age): children squat down in two rows on the o, at the signal, jumping over on their haunches, the kids must get to the opposite “house” as quickly as possible. | |
| For strength | “Ship and Rocket” (senior, preparatory group): children are divided into two teams, choose a captain, and line up behind him in a column. The columns, separated by a line, line up opposite each other and, grabbing the person in front by the waist, try to pull the opponents to their side. Whose captain crosses the line, that team loses. | |
| According to motor content | With walking and running | “Train” (second junior group): children line up in a column, holding their shoulders. The first participant is the “locomotive”, the rest are the “cars”. At the teacher’s command, the train begins to move, switching from walking to running. At the signal: “The train is approaching the station,” the guys slow down. |
| With lasagna | “Monkeys” (first youngest): monkey children climb 3-4 steps of the gymnastics ladder for “fruits”, then carefully descend. | |
| With jumping | “Fishing Rod” (senior preschool age): the “fish” guys stand in a circle, the “fisherman” driver in the middle spins the rope above the ground, the task of the “fish” is not to fall for the bait. Whoever is hit by the jump rope becomes a “fisherman”. | |
| With throwing | “Get into the hoop” (middle, senior groups): children stand in a circle, with a hoop in the center. The kids take turns throwing sandbags or balls into the circle. The teacher evaluates the accuracy of the throw. Note: to make it more difficult, you can throw from behind your back, while sitting, only to the right or only to the left, from behind your head. | |
| According to the degree of physical activity | Great mobility | “Lineechka” (preparatory group): children line up in two ranks, scatter at a signal, and at the command “Lineechka” they quickly return to their ranks. Note: to make it more difficult, you can fix the order in a line. |
| Medium mobility | “Day and Night” (middle group): each participant has a ball in their hands, on the command: “Day” the children throw the ball up and catch it, on the command: “Night” they freeze in the position in which the signal caught them. | |
| Low mobility | “Ball for a neighbor” (senior group): children stand in a circle, two players from different sides hold the ball, and begin to pass them in one direction. The one who has two balls in his hands is eliminated. | |
| With sports equipment | With a ball, skittles, jump ropes, etc. in the warm season. On skis, sleds, ice skates, etc. in winter. | |
Video: sports games and exercises with a hoop
Video: sports games and exercises in winter
Card index of outdoor games
Progress of the game:
On opposite sides of the site there are two houses, in one of them there are players. In the middle of the platform, the driver stands facing them - Frost is a red nose, he says:
“I am Frost - Red Nose.
Which one of you will decide
Should we hit the road?”
The children answer in chorus:
“We are not afraid of threats and we are not afraid of frost”
After that, they run across the site to another house, the frost catches up with them and tries to freeze them. The frozen ones stop at the place where the frost overtook them and stand there until the end of the run. Frost counts how many players were frozen. It is taken into account that players who ran out of the house before the signal or remained after the signal are also considered frozen.
JUMPING GAMES
"Don't stay on the floor"
Target:
teach children to run around the hall in all directions, jump onto cubes, benches without using their hands, jump off them easily on their toes, with bent legs. Strengthen the ability to act on a signal. Develop agility and speed.
Progress of the game:
A trap is selected and runs around the hall with the children. As soon as the teacher says: “Catch!” - everyone runs away from the trap and climbs onto objects - benches, cubes, stumps. The trap tries to catch the ones running away. Children touched by the trap go to the appointed place.
Options:
2 traps are selected, run in different types of running, use a musical signal.
“Who will jump better?”
Target:
develop speed of movement, agility, learn to jump exactly to a certain place.
Progress of the game:
Children approach the line drawn on the ground and jump as far as possible. Whoever jumped further wins.
Rules:
You should jump on two legs and land on your toes.
"Fishing rod"
Target:
teach children to jump on two legs, standing still, landing on their toes, legs bent. Develop agility, speed, eye.
Progress of the game:
Children stand in a circle, with the teacher in the center. He holds a rope in his hands, at the end of which a bag of sand is tied. The teacher rotates the rope just above the floor, the children jump up on two legs so that the bag does not touch their legs. Having described 2-3 circles, a pause is made and those caught are counted.
Options
: those children who are caught leave the game. The game continues until the most dexterous ones remain.
"From bump to bump"
Target:
teach children to move from one side of the site to the other by jumping from bump to bump on two or one leg. Develop pushing power, the ability to maintain balance on a bump, and agility.
Progress of the game:
Two lines are drawn on the ground - two banks, between which there is a swamp. The players are distributed in pairs on one bank and the other. The teacher draws hummocks (flat rings) in the swamp at different distances from each other: 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 cm. Two children, at a signal, jump from hummock to hummock, pushing off with two legs or one, without standing between the hummocks, trying to get over to the shore. The one who stumbles remains in the swamp. The next couple comes out. When everyone has completed the task, the teacher nominates who will lead the children out of the swamp. He gives the stuck child his hand and jumps to show the way out of the swamp.
Recommendations for conducting sports games and exercises in kindergarten
The Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) outlines psychological and pedagogical recommendations regarding the organization of sports games and exercises.
- Every month, children of primary preschool age are introduced to 2-3 games and exercises. From middle preschool age, the number increases to 3–4, with 4–5 selected for repetition.
- Games and exercises of a sports nature are carried out in three doses: in the morning before breakfast, during a walk and after a nap. Morning games should not be too energy intensive, otherwise children will be exhausted before the next school session. During the walk, exercises and games can be carried out with maximum physiological and emotional stress, as well as practicing techniques for different sports. After sleep, more attention is paid to team games, especially those whose technical intricacies were discussed before lunch.
- The teacher describes in detail, clearly or reminds the conditions of the game or the procedure for performing the exercise.
- During walks, the teacher gives the children individual tasks aimed at mastering basic movements (for example, “standing like a heron” on one leg on the side of the sandbox).
- Games and exercises should be appropriate to the age capabilities of children. Thus, tasks that are too easy in the older group or too difficult in the younger group will reduce interest in completing the tasks.
Equipment for sports games and exercises must also be appropriate for the age of the children.
- If it involves team or pair work, then the participants should be approximately equal in strength: in each group there should be inactive and active guys. At the same time, it is important to focus children’s attention on the need to provide all possible assistance to their comrades.
- Care should be taken to provide equipment for exercises and games: balls of different sizes, jump ropes, skittles, ring throwers, ropes of different lengths, sandbags, etc.
- Several times a year (3-4 times) it is recommended to hold demonstration events (physical education festivals), in which children can demonstrate their sporting achievements (“Farewell to Winter”, “Children’s Day”, etc.). It is recommended to involve parents in these forms of work by organizing competitions “Mom, Dad, Me - a sports family.”
Construction of the outdoor game “Hunters and Hares”
GBPOU SO "Kamensk-Ural Pedagogical College"
Construct of organization of regime moments
according to PM.01 outdoor game “Hunters and Hares”
Students Korobitsina Ekaterina Nikolaevna
specialty 44.02.01 Preschool education, group 23 B
Date of:
03/03/2020
DOO:
MDOU No. 41
Group:
senior
-
preparatory, 6-7 years old
Educator:
Sergeeva Anna Sergeevna, Baynova Natalya Sergeevna
Head of practice:
Alyokhina Larisa Gennadievna
Subject:
outdoor game “Hunters and Hares”
Educational area
: “Physical development”, “Social and communicative development”
Activities:
communicative, motor, outdoor game
Forms of organization of activities:
individual, group.
Planned result:
Children demonstrate interest in joint activities;
children show interest in physical activity;
Children demonstrate motor skills and physical qualities: accuracy, dexterity, eye;
children demonstrate the ability to run quickly and be attentive;
Children demonstrate throwing a small ball at a target.
Goal: to consolidate motor activity skills in children, combining them with communicative activities; develop accuracy, dexterity, eye. Strengthen the ability to throw the ball trying to hit the target.
| Objectives of joint activities | Tasks taking into account the characteristics of the group’s students |
| Educational tasks: Cultivate interest in joint gaming activities. Foster the need for physical activity. Developmental tasks: Continue to develop motor and physical skills; accuracy, dexterity, eye. Improve communication skills and abilities. Training tasks: Teach children to throw a small ball, trying to hit the target. To develop the ability to analyze the process and results of gaming activities. | continue to develop in children the ability to run without bumping into each other; Continue to develop children's dexterity and coordination. |
List of used literature.
Federal state educational standard for preschool education. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated October 17, 2013 N 1155
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2013 N 26 “On approval of SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating mode of preschool educational organizations”
From birth to school: An approximate basic general education program for preschool education / ed. NOT. Veraksy, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva. – M.: MOSAIC SYNTHESIS, 2014. – 304 p.
Principles of preschool education (FSES DO):
Card index of sports games and exercises
Sports games and exercises are grouped so that both types of activities are presented in one block. At the same time, they are united by the theme and/or the sports equipment used. Since, depending on the age of the students, it is recommended to practice 2-4 games and exercises at one time, the combination of these types of activities is chosen by the teacher.
This is interesting. To create additional motivation in children, exercises are carried out first, and then games. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to “restructure” the guys from the gaming mood.
Table: example of compiling a card index of sports exercises and games
The author is Gubanova G.G., senior teacher of the MBDOU “Kindergarten of general developmental type No. 189”, Samara.
| Unifying criterion | Exercises | Games | |
| Second junior group | |||
| Biking and scootering |
|
| |
| Middle group | |||
| Sliding on icy paths |
|
| |
| Senior group | |||
| Football |
|
| |
| Preparatory group | |||
| Badminton |
|
| |
Card index of outdoor games in the middle group for practicing motor skills
When selecting games for classes and joint activities, the teacher focuses on the conditions of the organization. Entertainment is provided outdoors and indoors. They also vary depending on the time of year.
Card index of outdoor games
Outdoor games during the summer recreational period.
"Jump Higher"
Goal: formation of a high jump.
Content: “The teacher takes a bright card or toy in his hand. He invites the children to jump up so as to touch the ribbon with their hand - first with their left, then with their right.
Note! The height of the ribbon is adjusted depending on the height and physical capabilities of the children.”
"Jump over the bumps"
Goal: forming a long jump with take-off and landing on both feet.
Organization of a nature corner in kindergartens according to the Federal State Educational Standard
Contents: “Circles-bumps are drawn on the asphalt at a short distance from each other, so that it is more convenient for children to jump. Children must jump over bumps until the end of the route. The teacher needs to ensure that the children push off with both feet when jumping and try not to go beyond the hummock. At the same time, children learn to jump from a place and land on both feet.”
"Little Bunnies"
Goal: development of running skills, imitation of animal movements.
Contents: “Three squares are drawn on the asphalt - these are cages for hares. 3-4 guys stand in each square and squat. A “watchman” sits on a bench to the side (the role of a watchman can be played by a teacher). Between the guard's house and the rabbits' cages is a clearing into which the hares are allowed to run. The watchman releases the rabbits into the clearing one by one. Children jump out of the squares, imitate the movements of bunnies: they jump, and show their ears with their palms. At the teacher’s cry: “Bunnies in cages!” - everyone rushes to their little squares.”
"Chickens in the garden"
Goal: developing the skill of high jump and running.
Contents: “The pupils are appointed chickens and are located behind a log (bench). On the other side, a rectangle is drawn on the asphalt - a vegetable garden. The teacher-caretaker walks around the garden, looks to see if there are any chickens, then goes to the opposite side. As soon as he leaves the garden, the chickens “fly up to the fence” (climb onto a log), and then jump from it into the garden and begin to run around, pecking at the planted vegetables. The watchman, noticing the chickens, chases them out of the garden and tries to catch them. When the game continues, the child can be the guard.”
Note! Outdoor games during the winter health period help to strengthen and heal the child’s body
Outdoor games in winter
"Winter has come"
Goal: developing running skill.
Content: “children hide behind various objects on the street: snowmen, slides, snow piles. The teacher says: “Guys, go out for a walk!” Children run out of their hiding places and scatter around the area. At the signal: “Winter has come, come home!” everyone runs to their shelters.”
"Fox in the Birdhouse"
Goal: developing the skill of climbing, running, simulating the actions of birds.
Content: “The teacher chooses a “fox.” The rest of the children climb onto the snow bank and sit down, pretending to be birds (sitting on a perch). On the opposite side of the site, a fox lives in a hole. Birds run through the snow, flapping their wings, pecking grains, clucking. The teacher gives the signal: “Fox!” The kids must run away and climb onto the snow pile.
"Deer Catching"
Goal: development of dexterity, speed of movement, ability to communicate and interact with peers.
Content: The teacher divides the children into two teams, deer and shepherds. The shepherds join hands and stand in a semicircle facing the deer. Deer run along an area outlined in the snow. The teacher gives the signal: “Catch!”, the shepherds try to catch the deer and close the circle.
Outdoor games indoors
To organize play activities indoors, the teacher will use sedentary games that involve walking, imitating, and passing objects from hand to hand.
Organization of sedentary games indoors
"Breeze"
Goal: formation of a strong oral exhalation.
Contents: “the teacher puts a table tennis ball in a cup. Children take turns to take a deep breath, lean over the cup and blow into it so hard that the ball flies out of the cup.”
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - what is it?
"Hand Tag"
Goal: development of dexterity, speed of movement.
Contents: “one child puts his hands on the table, palms up, the other sits opposite and holds his hands on the table, palms down. With a quick movement, he tries to touch his partner’s palms with his palms, to stain them, but he pulls his hands back. If the tag manages to touch the palms of a friend, the players change roles. Whoever does this the most times wins.”
"Who's faster?"
Goal: development of dexterity, speed of movement.
Contents: “Children stand with their backs to each other at a step distance, placing their feet apart. The teacher places a rope or tape between the children’s legs. According to the count “One, two, three!” you need to quickly lean forward, trying to quickly pull the rope in your direction. Whoever manages to do this wins.”
Temporary plan for sports games and exercises
Sports exercises, as a rule, are a kind of preparation for games and are carried out at the beginning of the main stage.
Performing exercises is also a warm-up, and not just a way to practice one or another sports technique.
Table: timing of the stages of a sports game with exercises
| Stage | Target | Timing (junior group - middle - senior and preparatory groups) |
| Introductory | Motivates children to play. | (about 2 minutes - 2–3 minutes - 3 minutes) |
| Basic | Introduces children to new information on the topic (sports attributes, techniques of a particular sport, famous athletes, etc.). Practices children in this type of activity, first through exercises and then through games. | (10–11 minutes - up to 15 minutes - up to 20 minutes) |
| Final | Summarizes children's participation in games and exercises. The teacher thanks all participants. | (about 2 minutes - 3 minutes - 3 minutes) |
This is interesting. If games and exercises are carried out on the street, then independent activities of the children can be included in the final stage. Usually these are games of varying degrees of mobility.
Table: example of compiling a summary of a sports game during a walk in the preparatory group “Our Merry Ball” (fragments)
The author is Eremeeva A.D., teacher at MBDOU “Kindergarten No. 3”, Lebedyan, Lipetsk region.
| Stage | Content |
| Introductory | - Children, listen to the riddle: They beat him, he is not angry, he is having more and more fun (Ball). |
| - Today we will play with the ball, reinforce the element of playing basketball, which we did in physical education class...> | |
| Basic | <… Exercises: Throwing the ball on the ground and catching it after the rebound. Throwing the ball up and catching it with both hands. Throwing the ball up and catching it after the bounce. Throwing the ball to each other...> |
| - Today we will play with the ball and reinforce the element of playing basketball. Let's play a game - a relay race, "Ball to the driver." I help the children divide into teams of approximately equal strength. And then I explain the rules of the game. During the game, I monitor the strict implementation of the rules and the relationships between the children. At the end of the game I will summarize. I involve the children themselves in discussing the results of the game. — Children, why do you think this particular team won? (They were disciplined, dexterous, etc.)…> | |
| <... - It's time to learn how to play a new game. And what is its name, you will find out when you guess the riddles: A little boy in a gray army coat scurries around the courtyards, collecting crumbs. (Sparrow) Even though I have velvet paws, they call me “scratchy.” I catch mice deftly, I drink milk from a saucer. (Cat) - That's right, the game is called “Sparrow and the Cat.” I give children a clear, concise explanation of its contents. First, I take on the main role, and then the children choose the driver using a rhyme...> | |
| Final | <...- Children, I really love playing outdoor games with you, because I see: you become more dexterous, organized, courageous, and most importantly, healthy children...> |
| <...Independent activity of children: outdoor games in which children who are weak in any movement are teamed up with more prepared ones. |
