Rules of conduct on ice
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Rules of conduct on ice
Cross bodies of water in specially equipped places.
When crossing outside crossings, mark the route and, while moving, carefully check the strength of the ice with an ice pick or stake.
Do not come close to frozen objects and vegetation, bridges and dams - the ice in these areas is thinner.
Be careful in places with fast currents, at confluences of rivers, streams and wastewater from industrial enterprises.
Avoid places covered with a thick layer of snow and dark spots on the snow cover.
Do not go out on the ice alone if it is not strong enough.
When crossing in a group, keep a distance of 5-6 meters.
When crossing a body of water on skis, unfasten the fastenings, remove the pole loops from your hands and the backpack strap from one shoulder.
If you find yourself on thin, crackling ice, don't get lost.
Carefully turn back and with sliding steps return along the traversed path to the shore.
When going winter fishing, do not forget to take with you the simplest life-saving equipment. Punch holes at a safe distance from each other. Do not gather on the ice in large groups.
? cross bodies of water on fragile ice, in the dark, in inclement weather, in untested and little-known places;
? skate, sled and ski, play games on fragile, loose ice;
? check the strength of the ice by kicking;
? stop near steep banks during floods and icebreakers, approach areas of ice jams; travel on horse-drawn vehicles outside specially equipped crossings;
? go ice fishing before the establishment of solid freeze-up and during the period of intense melting and destruction of ice;
? start games and ride on ice floes during the ice drift.
Rules of conduct on the water
Start swimming in sunny, windless weather, with a water temperature of 18-20°C and an air temperature of 20-25°C.
Choose safe, or better yet, designated places for swimming.
If you know how to swim, do not go into the water above your waist.
Don't let yourself get chills while swimming. Remember that prolonged exposure to water can lead to muscle spasms and other negative effects.
Do not swim on an empty stomach or earlier than 1.5-2 hours after eating.
Do not enter or dive into the water in an excited, hot state, after physical activity, or with chills or general malaise.
Do not leave children near bodies of water or on the water without adult supervision.
When swimming, be sure to correctly calculate your strength.
If you find yourself in a strong current, do not swim against it, but use the current to get closer to the shore.
If you find yourself in a whirlpool, don’t get lost, take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water and, making a jerk to the side with the current, float to the surface.
If you experience cramps, change your swimming method to reduce the load on the cramped muscles, speed up their relaxation, and swim to shore
PROHIBITED:
? swim and dive in prohibited and unknown places;
? - jump into the water from dams, piers, boats, boats, rafts, swim close to passing ships;
? - allow pranks associated with diving and grabbing the limbs of swimmers, climbing onto buoys and other technical structures;
? “give false distress signals;
? -move in a boat from place to place while riding;
? - use boards, logs, air mattresses, car inner tubes and other aids for swimming;
? pollute and litter water bodies
AND:
Be careful on water and ice
REMINDER FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
GUYS! Some of you don’t like to go skating on the mirror-like ice surface. You also love to kick a puck on ice, or whirlwind down a steep bank on a sled or skis. During the period of ice break-up, you often find yourself on the banks of water bodies. Some of you are trying to ride on an ice floe or jump from one to another.
With the onset of the summer holidays, on warm, fine days, you swim in rivers, lakes, and ponds. Some of you, often because of boasting, try to swim further from the shore and do not always calculate their strength. You want to jump into the water from a tree, a steep bank, a bridge, etc. But not all of you know that recklessness on water and ice can end tragically.
The society of the strong, brave and courageous sets as its noble task not only the rescue of drowning people, but also the explanation of the rules of conduct on water and ice.
1. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT ICE FLOOD
Freeze-up is the time when rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs become covered with ice. First, the water near the shore freezes, and gradually, with increasing frost, the entire surface of the reservoir is covered with ice. During this period, some of you begin to try ice.
GUYS! Remember that after the first frost the ice is still thin and fragile. Do not go out on it when it bends and cracks, do not slide down on a sled. Do not ride in places where there is a fast current and springs, where enterprises discharge warm water, near bridges, dams and various frozen objects. There the ice is weak throughout the winter. Therefore, these places are dangerous not only for skiing, but also for crossing. Beware of ice holes! Before going out on the ice, carefully inspect its surface. Choose places to play in shallow waters with solid ice cover.
If your friend has an accident on the ice, get him help immediately. Give the person in distress a stick, a board, a rope, tied belts, and clothes. Approach the place of the failure by crawling, so as not to fall through yourself. Call adults for help.
BE CAREFUL ON ICE!
2. SPRING FLOOD. ICE DRIVE. FLOOD
The sun is shining brighter. The warm breath of spring is felt more and more. The snow darkened and lost its whiteness, and the first thawed patches appeared. Streams are already running through the streets. Meltwater fills reservoirs. The water level in them is steadily rising - the spring flood begins. The accumulated water breaks the ice, causing ice drift and flooding (river flooding from breaking up the ice).
GUYS! Remember that playing on ice at this time, sailing on boats and rafts during ice drift and floods are life-threatening. To avoid an accident, do not stand on steep banks that are subject to erosion and collapse. When helping a person in distress, use a boat, a lifebuoy, or a rope.
3. LEARN TO SWIM AND BEHAVIOR CORRECTLY IN THE WATER
The last bell rang. The long-awaited time of summer vacation has arrived. Many of you will relax on the shores of seas, rivers, and lakes. But do all of you know how to behave correctly on the water? Read our sonnets, memorize them and do them.
1. Choose for swimming only places that are known to be safe or specially designated for this purpose (with a flat, clean bottom, a slight current).
2. Do not swim immediately after eating; wait an hour or an hour and a half.
3. Do not go into the water when you are hot; rest before swimming.
4. If you have not yet learned to swim or are a poor swimmer, do not go into the water deeper than waist-deep. Swim along the shore or towards it.
5. Do not swim when there is a big wave and do not jump into the water in unfamiliar places where you do not know the depth and where there may be stones, snags, iron rods, remains of piles, etc.
6. Avoid hypothermia and overwork in the water (this can lead to convulsions and loss of consciousness), calculate the power swap.
7. During cramps, do not get lost. Change your swimming method (preferably on your back). Try to stretch the cramped muscles, do not make sudden movements.
8. If you find yourself in a strong current, do not swim against it. Use the current to get closer to shore.
9. If you find yourself in a whirlpool, don’t get lost. Take a deep breath, take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water, make a strong jerk to the side with the current and float to the surface.
10. Do not swim beyond warning signs or far from the shore.
11. Do not swim on air mattresses, inner tubes, boards, or homemade rafts.
12. Do not swim close to moving ships: you may be pulled under the propeller.
13. Do not allow rough pranks on the water. Do not give false distress signals.
14. Do not overload boats, do not rock them while floating, do not jump from them into the water.
GUYS! LEARN TO SWIMM! BE CAREFUL ON THE WATER!
Source: www.83.mchs.gov.ru
05.05.2014 21:31
Class hour: Be careful, thin ice! Rules of conduct on ice. class hour (8th grade) on the topic
Topic: Beware, thin ice! Rules of conduct on ice.
Goals:
in order to prevent accidents on reservoirs in the autumn-winter period, conduct a conversation with students on the following issues:
- Why are early and late ice dangerous?
- What are the conditions for a person’s safe stay on ice?
- What are the basic rules of conduct on ice?
- What is the danger of a person falling into icy water and how to behave in this situation?
- How to behave if a person falls through the ice before your eyes?
- What should be first aid for drowning?
- Some tips for ice fishing enthusiasts.
Every year in Russia about 20 thousand people die on water. This happens at different times of the year and for various reasons.
Today we will be interested in the rules of behavior on reservoirs in the autumn-winter period.
Why is early and late ice dangerous? Because in the first case, a reliable ice cover has not yet been established, and in the second, the ice is already subject to melting. The most dangerous areas are located in places of fast currents and warm water runoff, in places where springs are located, and where tributaries flow into the main channel.
Failure to comply with safety rules at water bodies in the autumn-winter period often causes death and injury to people. Autumn ice in the period from November to December, that is, before the onset of stable frosts, is fragile. Bonded by the evening or night cold, it is still able to withstand a small load, but during the day, quickly heating up from the melt water seeping through it, it becomes porous and very weak, although it retains sufficient thickness.
Formation of ice:
• As a rule, bodies of water freeze unevenly, in parts: first near the shore, in shallow water, in bays protected from the wind, and then in the middle.
• On lakes, ponds, stakes (on all reservoirs with standing water, especially on those into which not a single stream flows, in which there is no bottom river bed, underwater springs), ice appears earlier than on rivers, where the current delays ice formation.
• On the same body of water you can find alternating ice, which, with the same thickness, have different strength and carrying capacity.
The main condition for a person’s safe stay on ice is that the ice thickness corresponds to the applied load:
— safe ice thickness for one person is at least 7 cm;
— safe ice thickness for crossing on foot is 15 cm or more;
— safe ice thickness for vehicles to pass is at least 30 cm.
Rules of conduct on ice
1. Under no circumstances should you go out on the ice at night or in poor visibility (fog, snowfall, rain).
2. When crossing the river, use ice crossings.
3. You cannot test the strength of ice by kicking it. If, after the first strong blow with a log or a ski pole, even a little water appears, this means that the ice is thin and cannot be walked on. In this case, you should immediately follow your own trail to the shore, with sliding steps, without lifting your feet from the ice and placing them shoulder-width apart so that the load is distributed over a larger area. The same is done in case of warning cracking of ice and formation of cracks in it.
4. When forced to cross a body of water, it is safest to stick to the beaten paths or follow an already laid ski track. But if they are not there, before going down onto the ice, you need to look around very carefully and outline the upcoming route.
5. When crossing a pond, a group must maintain a distance from each other (5-6 m).
6. It is better to cross a frozen river (lake) on skis, in this case: unfasten the ski fastenings in order to quickly remove them if necessary; Hold ski poles in your hands without looping them around your hands, so that in case of danger you can immediately throw them away.
7. If you have a backpack, hang it on one shoulder, this will make it easy to free yourself from the load in case the ice collapses under you.
8. When going to a frozen pond, you need to take with you a strong cord 20 - 25 meters long with a large blind loop at the end and a weight. The weight will help to throw the cord to a comrade who has fallen into the water; the loop is needed so that the victim can hold on more securely by threading it through his armpits.
9. We kindly ask parents: do not let their children go on the ice (fishing, skiing and skating) without supervision.
10. One of the most common causes of tragedies on reservoirs is alcohol intoxication. People react inadequately to danger and become helpless in the event of an emergency.
You should know it!
Time of safe stay of a person in water: • at a water temperature of 24°C, the time of safe stay is 7-9 hours, • at a water temperature of 5-15°C - from 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours; • a water temperature of 2-3 °C turns out to be fatal for humans after 10-15 minutes; • at a water temperature of minus 2°C - death can occur in 5-8 minutes.
I don’t think it’s necessary to explain why it’s dangerous for a person to fall into icy water, but I want to remind you. The body of a person who has fallen through the ice finds itself in a stressful situation and, as a result, the sharp cold causes the muscles of the chest and abdomen to contract, causing them to exhale and then inhale. This involuntary breathing act is especially dangerous if the head is under water, and the person will choke. When exposed to cold water, cardiac activity increases and blood pressure rises. The maximum stay of the average person in water at a temperature of +2, +3C is no more than 15 minutes.
If you fail, try not to panic. Spread your arms wide along the edges of the ice so as not to plunge headlong under the water. Try to get onto the ice without sudden movements, crawling with your chest and alternately pulling your legs to the surface. Having got out of the gap, you need to roll away, and then crawl in the direction from which you came before.
- Don't panic.
“You don’t need to flounder and lean your whole body on the thin edge of the ice, as it will break off under the weight of your body.”
-Spread your arms wide so as not to plunge headlong into the water.
- Rest your elbows on the ice and, bringing your body to a horizontal position, try to throw the leg that is closest to its edge onto the ice, turn your body to pull out the other leg and quickly roll out.
- Without sudden movements, crawl as far as possible from the dangerous place in the direction from which you came.
- Call for help.
— When holding yourself on the surface of the water, try to expend a minimum of physical effort on this. (One of the reasons for the rapid decrease in body temperature is the movement of the heated layer of water adjacent to the body and its replacement with a new, cold one. In addition, during movement, the additional insulation created by water that has soaked clothing is disrupted).
— While afloat, you should keep your head as high above the water as possible. It is known that more than 50% of the total loss of body heat, and according to some data, even 75% falls on it.
— You can actively swim to the shore, raft or boat if they are at a distance that will take no more than 40 minutes to overcome.
- Having reached the swimming equipment, you must immediately undress, wring out the wet clothes and put them on again.
If you are providing assistance:
If you see a person fall through the ice, first call the rescuers. Then, if you are confident in your abilities, try to crawl closer to him, spreading your arms and legs wide: this will increase the area of support. Remember, you cannot crawl to the edge of the hole, otherwise you may also end up in the water. Throw tied belts or scarves, any board, pole or skis to the victim. You need to act quickly and decisively, because in icy water a person quickly becomes numb, and wet clothes pull him down.
If you managed to pull the victim onto the ice, move away from the danger zone only by crawling. The man rescued from the wormwood remains in mortal danger because his body continues to rapidly become hypothermic. When body temperature drops to 34C, the activity of the cerebral cortex is disrupted, and when body temperature drops to 25-22C, death occurs.
Therefore, the most important thing when helping a person who has fallen through the ice is to warm him up.
— Approach the hole very carefully, it’s better to crawl on your bellies. - Inform the victim by shouting that you are coming to his aid, this will give him strength and confidence. - 3-4 meters away, give him a rope, pole, board, scarf or any other means at hand. — It is unsafe to give a hand to the victim, since by approaching the ice hole, you will increase the load on the ice and not only will not help, but you yourself risk falling through.
First aid for drowning:
— Move the victim to a safe place, warm him up.
- Turn the drowned person face down and lower the head below the pelvis.
- Clear your mouth of mucus. When gag and cough reflexes appear, achieve complete removal of water from the respiratory tract and stomach (you cannot waste time removing water from the lungs and stomach if there is no pulse in the carotid artery).
— If there is no pulse in the carotid artery, perform external cardiac massage and artificial respiration.
— Deliver the victim to a medical facility.
Warming the victim:
1. The victim must be covered in a place protected from the wind, well wrapped in any available clothing or a blanket.
2. If he is conscious, give him hot tea or coffee. Very effective are heating pads, bottles, flasks filled with hot water, or stones heated in the flame of a fire and wrapped in cloth; they are applied to the sides of the chest, to the head, to the groin area, and under the armpits.
3. You cannot rub the body or give alcohol, this can cause serious harm to the body. Thus, when rubbed, cooled blood from the peripheral vessels will begin to actively flow to the “core” of the body, which will lead to a further decrease in its temperature. Alcohol will have a depressant effect on the central nervous system.
Finally, a few tips for ice fishing enthusiasts.
When going fishing, don’t be tempted to make a simple device that can save your life. Take two long nails or sharpened pins, which are tied together with a rope 50-70 cm long. This device must be kept in a place on your outerwear from which you can quickly get it out while in the water. I think it’s clear that you take nails in your hands and, by sticking them into the ice, a person can get out of the water. You can also use a knife for these purposes, but when fishing, few people wear it on their outerwear; at best, it is on the belt of their trousers.
Once in the water, do not panic, although this is almost impossible, do not try to get out onto the ice by simply leaning on it with your hands, the ice will break off, and you will waste time and energy. You need to get out onto the ice by twisting yourself in a spiral towards your main hand, thus the area of pressure on the ice will become larger. Once out, continue crawling for a while until you are at a safe distance.
I hope that these simple rules of conduct on ice can help you avoid unpleasant situations.
