What date is Human Rights Day in 2020
Human Rights Day has a fixed date. Takes place annually on December 10th . It is not a day off, but this does not prevent people from holding various events and promotions. This is especially true for educational institutions, where thematic lessons and lectures are held on December 10.
History and description of the holiday
The holiday has been celebrated for several decades and has become popular in many countries around the world. It was first held in 1950. The establishment of the international day was initiated by the UN General Assembly. The choice of the date of December 10 is due to the fact that on this day, two years earlier, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted.
This holiday is important and relevant for many countries around the world. It is no secret that human rights are mercilessly violated in some countries of the world. People who do not have money and power are practically not taken into account. The gap between the rich/powerful and the poor/have-nots is very high, and rights are often distributed in the same way, so that some enjoy all the privileges of the laws, while others are supposedly not included in these human rights laws. Such injustice simply should not exist in modern society. The purpose of this holiday is to draw attention to the fact that every person, regardless of any conditions, has his own rights and can fully enjoy them on an equal basis with other people.
Class hour “Human Rights Day”
Class hour "Human Rights Day".
1.Human rights.
The words right and rights are among the most used in our lives. What is the meaning of these concepts? The legal dictionary gives the following definition of this concept.
HUMAN RIGHTS
— the legal status of a person in relation to the state, his capabilities and claims in the economic, social, political and cultural spheres.
2. History of human rights.
The idea of human rights is as ancient as human history itself. Some researchers believe that one of the documents of Cyrus the Great, dating back to 539 BC, is the first document on human rights, and the Pact of the Virtuous (Hifl-al-fudul), concluded by Arab tribes around 590 AD, is considered one of the first documents on the creation of a union based on the protection of human rights. A citizen of the ancient Greek polis had a fairly large set of rights. Among the Romans, all rights were divided into two groups: public, i.e. public and private (personal); if a citizen did not have public rights, then he was considered incomplete. In the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the first elements of a system for the protection of human rights appeared. In England, the elementary rights of subjects were already recorded in the Magna Carta of 1215. However, only a minority of English people could enjoy these rights. XVII – XIX centuries – famous documents were created that virtually rediscovered the history of human rights. The main ideas of these documents:
Ensuring human freedom by proclaiming his natural rights.
Human rights are not granted by anyone, but have a natural origin.
The purpose of the state is to protect natural and inalienable human rights.
Freedom is the right of a person to do everything that does not harm another person.
A citizen has rights and responsibilities before the law.
The cause of “social disasters and corruption of government” is the oblivion of human rights.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, when the concept of human rights was developing, only European men of high income were considered full citizens. During the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries. the “inalienable rights” of all adult citizens were gradually recognized, regardless of their income level, race, nationality and gender.
At first, the main rights that propertied citizens sought protection from the state were, first of all, freedom of conscience, freedom of speech and protection of property. As ever wider circles of the population were included in political life, the range of those rights, the provision of which was considered socially important, expanded. Initially, human rights were protected exclusively by nation states, while violations of human rights in “foreign” countries were considered their internal matter. This idea of the self-sufficiency of the national level of human rights protection showed its inconsistency already during the First World War, when excessive violence committed against foreign citizens in wartime conditions could not be subject to formal condemnation. On the eve of the Second World War, non-interference in the process of fascisation of Germany turned into connivance with the formation of a political regime dangerous for the whole world. To prevent the emergence of aggressive regimes, it became necessary to create a supranational mechanism for monitoring the constant observance of fundamental human rights in all countries of the world.
When the United Nations was created after the Second World War, members of the international community made a solemn pledge to ensure that atrocities similar to those that occurred during that war would not be committed again. World leaders decided to supplement the UN Charter with a document guaranteeing the rights of every person everywhere and always. Sound.
3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The document they conceived, which later became the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was considered at the first session of the General Assembly in 1946. The Assembly examined the draft declaration on fundamental human rights and freedoms and transmitted it to the Economic and Social Council “for transmission to the Commission on Human Rights... in the context of its preparation of an international bill of rights.” At its first session in 1947, the Commission authorized its members to develop what it called "a preliminary draft of an international bill of human rights." This work was later taken over by a drafting committee consisting of Commission members from eight States, selected on the basis of equitable geographical representation.
The Human Rights Commission consisted of 18 members representing various political, cultural and religious traditions. The Chairman of the Editorial Committee was Eleanor Roosevelt, the widow of American President Roosevelt. Working with her were Rene Cassin (France), who compiled the first draft of the Declaration; Committee Rapporteur Charles Malik (Lebanon); Vice-Chairman Peng Chun Chang (China); and John Humphrey (Canada), Director of the United Nations Human Rights Division, who drafted the Declaration. However, it was recognized that the “driving force” that ensured the adoption of the Declaration was Mrs. Roosevelt.
compared the Declaration of Rights with the English Carta.
The first draft of the Declaration was proposed in September 1948, with over 50 Member States participating in the preparation of the final draft. In its resolution 217A (III) of 10 December 1948, the General Assembly, meeting in Paris, adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Eight countries abstained from voting, but not a single country voted against. The complete text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was compiled in less than two years. At a time when the entire world was divided into two blocs - Eastern and Western, finding a common point of view regarding the essence of this document proved to be an incredibly difficult task. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a very small document: a preamble, 28 articles defining fundamental human rights and two articles defining restrictions on human rights.
Article 29.
Every person has responsibilities to society.
Human rights and freedoms can be limited only to the extent necessary to ensure the rights and freedoms of other people.
The exercise of these rights and freedoms must not contradict the purposes and principles of the UN.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights defined a single, holistic system of natural human rights:
-the right to live;
- the right to personal dignity;
-right to freedom;
-right to property, etc.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights became the basic international code in the field of human rights, on the basis of which other international agreements were developed. In 1966, the UN General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which entered into force in 1976. Four international documents concluded under the auspices of the UN (Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Economic, social and cultural rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Optional Protocols to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) are often called the International bill of human rights. Based on these international documents, the UN Security Council can apply coercive sanctions against those regimes that commit obvious violations of human rights (as was the case, for example, in the 1960s and 1970s in relation to the racist regimes of Rhodesia and South Africa, in the 1990s - against those accused of genocide of the regimes of Milosevic in Yugoslavia and Hussein in Iraq).
In addition to UN organizations, various non-governmental public organizations are actively involved in international monitoring of human rights, for example, Amnesty International, founded in 1961, which fights against the persecution of political opponents and violations of the rights of prisoners.
The Universal Declaration of Rights contains the most widely accepted list of human rights. These are civil, political, cultural, socio-economic rights. Along with the most general list of such rights recorded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there are other lists reflected in the constitutional documents of each state. They list the rights that, according to national legislation, citizens of a particular state have, reflect national specifics and may differ markedly from those recorded in the Declaration. National constitutions should not contradict the international Universal Declaration, therefore national legal norms that protect the rights of citizens of a particular state should specify and supplement generally accepted human rights, but not reduce them.
At the proposal of the UN General Assembly, every year since 1950, Human Rights Day is celebrated on December 10. The General Assembly resolution invited all states to submit annual reports on the celebration of Human Rights Day. The High Commissioner for Human Rights plays an important role in coordinating the celebration of Human Rights Day. In the USSR, starting in 1977, human rights activists held a so-called “Silence Rally” on Human Rights Day on Pushkin Square in Moscow. In Russia, various official and unofficial events are held on this day. In 2001, the Andrei Sakharov Prize “For Journalism as an Act” was established. The prize is awarded to Russian journalists and is presented on December 10, Human Rights Day.
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4. Protection of human rights
Currently, the Russian Federation is a party to two international treaties: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, according to which persons under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation can apply to international human rights bodies for protection their rights. These international bodies include:
UN Human Rights Committee
European Court of Human Rights
The UN Human Rights Committee was created and operates on the basis of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Russian Federation accepted obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on October 1, 1991. Consequently, anyone who believes that their civil and political rights have been violated by the Russian Federation after this date has the right to appeal to the UN Human Rights Committee.
The European Court of Human Rights was created and operates on the basis of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which was adopted on November 4, 1950. The latest version of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has been in force since November 1, 1998. The Russian Federation assumed obligations under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on May 5, 1998. Consequently, anyone who believes that the Russian Federation has violated his civil and political rights after this date has the right to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights.
Meaning of the Declaration
This is a unique international document that has no analogues in the history of mankind.
The adoption of the Declaration is a turning point in global and legal development, a revival of natural law, and a qualitatively new revival, since the main ideas of this document are included in the content of the national constitutions of many countries around the world.
Defined a single holistic system of natural human rights.
“For a country to live, rights need to live (A. Mickiewicz)
Human Rights Day events
On Human Rights Day, various events and actions are held by government and non-government organizations. The actions and rallies are aimed at drawing the attention of the authorities and the public to the flagrant facts of human rights violations.
Human Rights Day class hour at school
Classroom and lessons in school, as well as lectures in educational institutions on human rights, are extremely important. Children from a very early age must understand that every person in the country is protected by legal legislation. Each of us has our own rights that must be respected. However, not everyone, and even adults, know even a small part of them.
The younger generation must know exactly how the law protects each of us. The more people know their rights, the stronger the community will be in the face of injustice. Education of legal culture can be carried out among young children, since the sooner children learn about their rights, the better they begin to understand what kind of society they live in.
Human Rights Day events in the library
On Human Rights Day, events are held in libraries. These can be extracurricular activities, with reading relevant literature, lessons, lectures, game events.
The purpose of events in the library is to familiarize students not only with rights, but also with duties and responsibilities, since a person has his own rights and is obliged to respect the rights of others. Cultivating a sense of responsibility towards other people instills the right values.
Class hour "Human Rights"
Summary of an open class hour on the topic
“Your rights and the rights of other people”
Class: 8 b Municipal educational institution “Krasnogorsk secondary school No. 1” of the Zvenigovsky district of the Russian Medical Academy Class teacher: Leukhina Nadezhda Ivanovna
1. Introductory speech by the teacher. Hello, dear guys and distinguished guests! Our class hour today is devoted to an important problem of modern society - the rights that every person has. I am sure that you are already familiar with the concept of law from your social studies course, and you can share your knowledge with everyone present.
2. Exercise to establish friendly relations in the group. But before we start a serious conversation, I suggest that you get ready for collective work in the group and create a good mood for each other. (The exercise “The place to my right is free”)
3. A traditional handshake with wishes for effective work throughout the class hour.
4. Thematic discussion.
What is law? (Law is a set of rules (norms) that define the mandatory mutual relations of people in society) Which document stipulates all the rights of all the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation? (In the Constitution of the Russian Federation) What main features of rights do you know?
(1. Normative. 2. Generally binding. 3. Protected by the state
4. Is a regulator of public relations)
What two groups can all human rights be divided into?
(Natural and civil)
What articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation describe human rights?
(Chapter 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 17-64), the most famous articles are read:
Article 20: everyone has the right to life Article 22: everyone has the right to freedom and personal integrity Article 26: everyone has the right to indicate their nationality Article 27: everyone who is legally present in the territory of the Russian Federation has the right to choose their place of residence Article 31: citizens The Russian Federation has the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons. Hold meetings and rallies Article 34: everyone has the right to freely use their opportunities Article 40: everyone has the right to housing Article 41: everyone has the right to health care and medical care Article 43: everyone has the right to education
In addition to the Constitution, there is a Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which explains your rights. Because the Convention on the Rights of the Child defines that “Every human being under the age of 18 is considered a child.”
Each of you has the right to:
- Name
- Citizenship
- Proper nutrition
- Housing
- Medical service
- Healthy Growth and Development
- Protection from cruelty
- Expressing your thoughts, etc.
5. Creative work in groups. Having considered all the official documents on human rights, we can begin the creative task, which consists of the fact that you will need to draw up a declaration of rights for grade 8b.
Examples of rights:
- 8th grade students have the right to ask their classmates for help
- Students in grade 8b have the right to get excellent grades, etc.
But please note:
1. An indispensable condition for the implementation of rights is that these rights should not violate the rights of other people 2. The implementation of these rights should depend not on other people, but on oneself (within 2 minutes children come up with their rights as class students, write them down on stickers and paste on Whatman paper. Next, 1 of the students reads out all the rights and votes).
6. Advice from a psychologist.
And now it’s the turn to talk about the natural rights of each of us. I ask you to listen to the words of the famous psychologist K. Zasloff.
“From the moment of birth, children, like all people, have the right to be who they are. There are personal rights that everyone can use as protection mechanisms in resolving conflicts of all kinds. These rights are different from legal ones. To protect our personal rights, we do not have the right to turn to the law, but can only rely on ourselves and our own capabilities. But to do this you need to know what you are entitled to!”
You have the right:
- Sometimes putting yourself first
- Ask for help and support
- Protest against unfair accusations
- Have your own opinion
- Saying no
- Be alone
- To your feelings - regardless of whether others understand them
- Seek a change in an agreement that does not suit you
You are not required to:
- Be 100% perfect
- Follow the crowd
- Loving People Who Harm You
- Deal with an unpleasant situation
- Staying in a relationship that has become humiliating
But remember!
When declaring your personal rights, you must remember that all other people have them too. One must learn to respect the personal rights of others in the same way. How you want yours to be respected!
7. Exercise on individual perception.
• Now let's look at all these tips in practice. I will ask one of you to seat 5 people according to hair color, starting from the lightest to the darkest. Comments are accepted only after the exercise has been completed. You can change the fit, but only later. • Seat 5 people according to the timbre of their voice, from lowest to highest • Seat 5 people according to the warmth of their palms. Does anyone want to change the fit? You can do this (as a rule, changes are made) Conclusion: Everyone has the right to feel, see and hear, think in their own way, and everyone is obliged to recognize this right for others!
8. Reflection
• I was interested..... • Before that I didn’t know...... • In the future I will..... For
the full text of the material Class hour “Human Rights”, see the downloadable file
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| Author: Leukhina Nadezhda Ivanovna → 02/06/2009 3 46585 7563 | Comment |
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