MHC lesson plan "What is World Art Culture? Why study it at school?"

Ready-made lessons on MHC for 10th grade:

1. The first artists of the Earth
2. Architecture of the land of the pharaohs
3. Visual arts and music of Ancient Egypt
4. Artistic culture of Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia)
5. Art of Pre-Columbian America
6. Aegean art
7. Golden Age of Athens
8. Outstanding sculptors of Ancient Hellas
9. Architecture of Imperial Rome
10. Fine art of the Roman Empire
11. Theatrical and musical art of antiquity
12. The world of Byzantine culture
13. Architectural appearance of Ancient Rus'
14. Visual arts and music
15. Architecture of the Western European Middle Ages
16. Fine art of the Middle Ages
17. Theatrical art and music of the Middle Ages
18. India is a land of wonders
19. Chinese artistic culture
20. Art of the Land of the Rising Sun (Japan)
21. Artistic culture of Islam
22. Florence - the cradle of the Italian Renaissance
23. Painting of the Proto-Renaissance and Early Renaissance
24. Golden Age of the Renaissance
25. Renaissance in Venice
26. Northern Renaissance
27. Music and theater of the Renaissance

Detailed contents of the MHC disc for grade 10. Disc cost: 420 rub.

Summary of the lesson-project on MHC, grade 9

Summary of a lesson-project on world artistic culture, grade 9 “Ancient Russian temple architecture”

Summary of the lesson-project on world artistic culture, 9th grade
Author: Tambovtseva Irina Nikolaevna, teacher of the Moscow Art and Fine Arts Place of work: State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 868, Moscow
Topic of the lesson-project: “Ancient Russian temple architecture”
Description of the material: Lesson-project on world artistic culture for senior classes of secondary schools. The summary of an educational lesson-project on the history of Russian culture includes materials from messages prepared by students for the lesson. The lesson notes are accompanied by a student presentation and a worksheet, which makes the lesson clearer and the children’s work more effective. Goals and objectives: Educational: - To acquaint students with the ancient buildings of Kiev, Novgorod, Vladimir. Determine the significance of Hagia Sophia for Kievan Rus. Determine the uniqueness of the Novgorod and Vladimir architectural schools. Educational: - To develop the ability to analyze the expressive means of art. To develop the ability to use multimedia and computer technologies in preparing educational material for the lesson. Educational: - To cultivate a sense of patriotism, pride in the cultural heritage of our ancestors. To promote the formation of a spiritually developed personality, capable of appreciating and understanding beauty. Lesson form: lesson-project, lesson-seminar. Materials for the lesson: Teacher’s presentation “Ancient Russian temple architecture”, presentations of students’ advanced tasks in groups: Group 1 – History of the architecture of Hagia Sophia in Kiev. Group 2 – Features of the Novgorod architectural school. Group 3 - Features of the Vladimir architectural school. Lesson plan: Organizational moment – 1-2 min. Updating knowledge – 5-7 min. The main part – 20-25 minutes. Summing up the lesson. – 7-10 min. Progress of the lesson: And one day arose from a dream, from this praying soul, like grass, like water, like birches, a wondrous wonder in the Russian wilderness. N. Rubtsov 1. Organizational moment (checking students' readiness). 2. Updating knowledge. The teacher determines the purpose of the lesson. During the lesson, students will have to complete the task in the worksheets (Appendix 1). Teacher's introductory speech: The story about Russian art should begin with the art of Ancient Russia. One of the main events of ancient Russian history - the adoption of Christianity - undoubtedly played a crucial role in the formation of many Russian cultural traditions. We can say that architecture, painting and literature came to Rus' along with religion. In all cities, the construction of temples and cathedrals began, first in the likeness of Byzantine ones, and then on their basis their own architectural traditions were developed. Today we turn to the history of the development of the Orthodox church on Russian soil.

In ancient times, buildings in Rus' were built mainly from wood; the first non-wooden structure appeared at the end of the 10th century. This is the Tithe Church in Kyiv. The Church of the Tithes in Kyiv was built from plinth - wide and flat brick - by Byzantine masters. The mortar connecting the rows of plinths was a mixture of lime, sand and crushed brick. Red plinth and pink mortar made the walls of the first Russian churches elegantly striped. They were built from plinth mainly in the south of Rus'. Question: What other materials were used for the construction of temples in Russia? Students: In the north, in Novgorod, far from Kiev, they preferred natural stone. True, the arches and vaults were still laid out from plinth. Novgorod stone is a gray boulder. It was used without any treatment for masonry walls. In the Vladimir-Suzdal lands they built from white stone - limestone, which was carefully cut into rectangular blocks. This material is soft and easy to process. The walls and towers of the Moscow Kremlin during the time of Dmitry Donskoy were made of white stone. At the end of the 15th century. A new building material appeared in Rus' - square brick. The Italians introduced him to Muscovites. It was convenient to use such bricks for a variety of masonry. Teacher: Correct. Most of the surviving monuments of ancient Russian architecture are temples. Question to students: Where have you ever encountered the most ancient temples of Russia? (Students base their answers on their impressions of the excursions.) Teacher: According to religious beliefs, the church building personifies the cosmos, where domes and vaults symbolize the sky, and walls and pillars symbolize the earth. Temple facade. The temple is crowned with domes with crosses. The number of domes has a symbolic meaning.

Two were interpreted as a manifestation of the divine and human principles in Christ, three - as hypostases, that is, the essence, of God (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), five - as Christ and the four evangelists, thirteen - as Christ and the twelve apostles, thirty-three - according to the number of years of the Savior's earthly life. Question: Tell us, what is the symbolic meaning of the shape and color of the domes?

Disciples: The helmet shape reminded us of the army, of the spiritual battle waged by the Church against the forces of evil and darkness. The shape of the onion is a symbol of the candle flame, turning us to the words of Christ: “You are the light of the world.” The color of the dome is also important in the symbolism of the temple.

•Gold is a symbol of heavenly glory. The main temples and the temples dedicated to Christ and the twelve feasts had golden domes. •Blue domes with stars crown churches dedicated to the Mother of God, because the star recalls the birth of Christ from the Virgin Mary. •Trinity churches had green domes because green is the color of the Holy Spirit. •Temples dedicated to saints are often topped with green or silver domes. •In monasteries there are black domes - this is the color of monasticism. Each dome rests on a drum. The vaults and domes in the temple are supported by arches on powerful pillars or columns. Question: What do you think determines the number of such pillars in a temple? Students: The larger the temple, the more pillars it has. This was necessary for the strength of the structure. Teacher: Correct. The St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, one of the largest churches of Ancient Rus', has more than forty internal supports.

The eastern part of the temple has semi-cylindrical projections - apses, in which the altar is located. The number of apses - one, three, five - most often also depended on the size of the temples. Question to students: What other decorative details of temples can you name? Students: The upper parts of the walls of the temple from the outside are completed with semicircular zakomaras, repeating the outlines of the vaults.

The entrance to the temple has a beautiful architectural design portal. Often the temple is decorated with an arcturus belt.

Teacher: Domes with crosses and apses are the most characteristic details of the temple, distinguishing it from any other building. 3. Main part Students are asked to answer the questions of the advanced task based on prepared messages with presentations. Question to students: Tell us about the oldest buildings in Kiev. Presentation by students of group 1: Architectural features of the Church of Hagia Sophia in Kiev.

The chronicle says that in 1036, taking advantage of the absence of Prince Yaroslav the Wise in Kyiv, the Pechenegs raided southern Rus'. The enemy was very strong. Once upon a time, even the fearless prince Svyatoslav fell victim to it. Yaroslav learned about the siege of Kyiv while in Novgorod. Gathering a large army of Novgorodians and Varangians, he moved to the rescue of the Kyivians. All day long there was a bloody battle near the walls of the ancient Russian capital. Only in the evening did the Russians defeat the Pechenegs. Many enemies died on the battlefield and drowned in the river while fleeing. Since then, Pecheneg raids on Rus' have ceased. The oldest and most beautiful temple received the name of Hagia Sophia - the wisdom of God. The name was not chosen by chance. The main cathedral of Constantinople was also called.

It was from there that the best masters—architects—were invited to carry out the prince’s order. The architects laid the foundation for a large temple.

It was surrounded on three sides by galleries. Two towers were built at the corners. Spiral staircases inside them led to the second tier of galleries. The true decoration of the cathedral was twelve domes of different sizes, forming a pyramidal composition, grouped around the largest dome - the thirteenth. St. Sophia Cathedral rose almost 30 meters high (the height of a modern ten-story building) above the low wooden half-dugout huts surrounding it. The outstanding Russian writer of the 11th century, Metropolitan Hilarion, spoke about the Church of St. Sophia in the following way: “... it causes surprise and admiration in all the countries lying around, for there is no one like it in all the midnight lands from east to west!”
And of course, the mosaics and frescoes that completely covered the inside of the temple could not leave him indifferent.
As the Tale of Bygone Years testifies, Yaroslav decorated the church with “gold, silver and church vessels
. Illustration of N. Roerich’s painting “Yaroslav the Wise”.

St. Sophia Cathedral played an important role in the life of medieval Kyiv. Thousands of townspeople came here for church services. Here was the residence of the then head of the Russian Church, Metropolitan of Kyiv. State documents were kept in Sofia, there was a library - the oldest in Rus', and even a workshop for handwritten books. At the direction of Yaroslav the Wise, one of the first schools in Rus' was created under Sofia. After his death, the prince himself was buried in the St. Sophia Cathedral in a marble sarcophagus. Over its long history, St. Sophia Cathedral has changed its appearance several times.

At the turn of the XVII - XVIII centuries. it was partially rebuilt in the spirit of “Ukrainian baroque”.

The elegant striped walls were whitewashed, the ancient egg-shaped domes were replaced with faceted ones with golden domes, and a high carved iconostasis was installed inside. The temple has survived a lot in its lifetime: the Tatar-Mongol invasion, the Nazi occupation... And yet, ancient Sofia continues to preserve the memory of hoary antiquity.

Oh, swing your bell, Sophia! How quiet it is in God's temple without fire. Only the night breathes in the palms of the dry walls, keeping the whitened prayer. May the voices of the deaf be illuminated, Like the look of Mary before Christmas. Oh, swing your bell, Sophia! Scream with a high throat, a hot ringing! 1985 Teacher: The collapse of a single state - Kievan Rus - into separate lands led to the creation of independent art schools. The most famous architectural schools were the Novgorod and Vladimir schools. Presentation of the 2nd and 3rd groups of students: Features of the Novgorod and Vladimir architectural schools. Class assignment. Using the example of buildings in Novgorod and Vladimir, it is necessary to determine the characteristic features of architectural schools. Select 10 words that characterize these buildings and write them down in a table. Pupils group 2: Features of the Novgorod architectural school. The construction of a magnificent cathedral in Kyiv could not go unnoticed in Novgorod, the second most important political center of the then Russian state. After all, it was from Novgorod that Yaroslav the Wise came to reign in Kyiv. The military support of the Novgorodians helped him seize the coveted throne. In the middle of the 11th century. Yaroslav's son, Prince Vladimir of Novgorod, founded a temple on the territory of the ancient Detinets (fortress) and named it, like the Kiev one, Sophia. But, unlike its predecessor, the Novgorod Sophia had five domes.

Question for students: Remember what this symbolized? Student Answer: This symbolized the image of Christ and the four Evangelists. The chapters, covered with helmet-shaped domes on powerful drums, resemble ancient warriors rallying around their commander. Somewhat breaking this unity, the sixth chapter was placed above the staircase tower leading to the second tier of the gallery surrounding the temple on three sides. Novgorod Sofia makes a majestic impression. The outside of the cathedral is devoid of any decorations. Only the surface of the wall is dissected by powerful projections - blades. Over nine centuries, the cultural layer around it has grown by more than 1 m. Severe monumentality is the main quality inherent in Novgorod Sophia. The chronicle cites an interesting fact: in 1547, Tsar Ivan IV, while in Novgorod, learned about the existence of a hiding place in the tower of St. Sophia. In the indicated place they began to break down the wall, and countless treasures fell out of the resulting opening - gold and silver bars, hryvnias, rubles. A whole cart filled with jewelry was sent to Moscow under heavy security. Church of the Savior on Nereditsa Novgorod masterpiece.

Built in the 12th century. Its customer, Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, wanted to build a temple near his country residence. The temple is small. The large head sits on a massive drum. The facades are practically devoid of decoration. Despite its small size, the church seems extremely majestic. But the main feature of the Savior on Nereditsa is its amazing sculpture - the beautiful roundness of its forms. The smooth curvature of the lines, the unevenness of the walls, and the beveled corners give it a rare charm. An accurate description of Novgorod architecture was given by the outstanding art critic, restorer and artist Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar: “One glance at the strong, stocky monuments of Veliky Novgorod is enough to understand the ideal of a Novgorodian, a good warrior, not very well-hewn... but on his own mind... In his architecture the same, like himself, simple but strong walls, devoid of annoying patterns, which, from his point of view, are “no use”, powerful silhouettes, energetic masses.
The ideal of a Novgorodian is strength, and his beauty is the beauty of strength. It’s not always neat, but it’s always magnificent, because it’s strong, majestic, and captivating.” Novgorodians loved their Sofia very much.
It became a symbol of their city. There was even a saying: “Where St. Sophia is, there is Novgorod.”
The part of the city on the left bank of the Volkhov, where the temple stands, has since been called Sophia.

Amidst were, fables and dreams, I hear the voice of my Russia, Her tormented sons; And the boy from above barely touched me, And again the song takes my soul and flies away through the centuries! Holy saint Elijah! On the difficult road of life, God bless you, your people! Flows, sinking into the soul, (Chant. V. Shilin) Class assignment: Highlight the main features of Novgorod architecture. Approximate answer from students: After the construction of Hagia Sophia, Novgorod architecture acquired its unique features - sparse decoration, severity and monumentality of forms, expressive plasticity. The walls of Novgorod churches, made of stones - boulders, were not leveled. Their planes, like living matter, have protrusions and depressions, especially noticeable in the oblique rays of sunlight. Message from students of group 3. Features of the Vladimir architectural school. The main cathedral of North-Eastern Rus'. In the 12th century. Rus' broke up into separate principalities. The most powerful among them was Vladimir-Suzdalskoye (Rostov-Suzdalskoye). His art became famous mainly for his white stone temples. In 1158, at the behest of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, the Assumption Cathedral was founded in the capital city of Vladimir.

The prince allocated a tenth of his income for its construction, just as Vladimir the Baptist once did for the first Russian church - the Tithes. The site for construction was chosen extremely well - the top of a steep fifty-meter hill overlooking the Klyazma River. The names of the architects who built the cathedral are not known, but the chronicle reports that for its construction “God brought craftsmen from all lands
. As if even from the Romanesque West, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa sent his craftsmen. Initially, a small one-domed temple was built. It stood for almost thirty years, but in 1185 it was severely damaged by fire. Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest, who then ruled in Vladimir, ordered it to be rebuilt. During the reconstruction of the Assumption Cathedral, rivalry between two Russian cities - Vladimir and Kyiv - emerged. The ambitious prince ordered the construction of the Vladimir temple higher than St. Sophia of Kyiv. As a result, the Assumption Cathedral turned out to be the tallest building in Rus' in the 12th century. - 32 meters. The temple was surrounded by new, large perimeter walls. Wide arched openings were punched into the old walls. Four more domes were placed in the corners. Thus, the result was a large five-domed cathedral. The Assumption Cathedral was also richly decorated inside: the entrance doors were upholstered with copper sheets with sacred images made using the gold inlay technique; the floors are laid with colored majolica tiles, the walls are painted with frescoes. On the altar barrier there were icons, among which the famous “Our Lady of Vladimir” stood out.

The chronicle tells that during the temple festival of the Assumption, the northern and southern “golden gates” of the cathedral were opened and precious vestments and fabrics placed in the temple by the princes were hung between them.
For two centuries, until the Assumption Cathedral was built in the Moscow Kremlin, Vladimir was considered the main one in North-Eastern Rus'. It served as the tomb of local princes. To this day, the ashes of its builders—princes Andrei Bogolyubsky and Vsevolod the Big Nest—rest in the temple. Dmitrievsky Cathedral. At the end of the 12th century. Not far from the Assumption Cathedral, another one was built - the one-domed Dmitrievsky Cathedral.

It was named in honor of Saint Dmitry of Thessalonica, the Christian patron of Prince Vsevolod, who was named Dmitry at baptism. The temple was built by his order on the site of the princely court. The outside walls, zakomaras, under the domed drum of the Dmitrievsky Cathedral are completely covered with sculptural reliefs - carved images of people, birds, animals, fantastic creatures, unknown plants. About a thousand carved stones! Many reliefs have been deciphered. On the western facade there are depictions of Christ, the Mother of God, and four evangelists. Some images are especially interesting: on the northern façade in the left zakomar, Prince Vsevolod sitting on a throne with his sons. This is a family portrait of the temple's customer. On the opposite, southern façade, in the right zakomar, is Alexander the Great ascending to heaven. It is strange to see an ancient pagan commander on the wall of an Orthodox church. How could Russian masters know Alexander the Great? It turns out that in the 12th century in Rus' the adventure story “Alexandria”, translated from Greek, telling about the life of the great commander, was very popular. Perhaps it was she who inspired the unknown sculptor to depict the historical hero he liked. The greatest expert on Vladimir-Suzdal sculpture, Georgy Karlovich Wagner, suggested that the main idea expressed in the reliefs of the Dmitrov Cathedral was the intercession of saints for the Vladimir people and princes who preached Christianity in their region. A few kilometers from Vladimir, in an open field, stands one of the most beautiful churches in Russia - the Intercession on the Nerl .

Archaeological research has shown that the temple originally looked different. Instead of a bulbous head there was a helmet-shaped one. The temple was surrounded by an open gallery supported by arches. The hill on which the church stands was lined with white stone slabs. A wide stone staircase descended from the temple to the pier by the river. Having changed its appearance over eight centuries, the Church of the Intercession still remains the most beautiful monument of medieval Vladimir architecture. Nowadays the white-stone miracle stands in the middle of pure zero on a low hill. At its foot is a small lake, a remnant of the old bed of the Nerl River. In clear weather, its mirror surface reflects the slender silhouette of the temple.

In the 18th century, the threat of destruction loomed over the monument. The abbot of one of the nearby monasteries asked permission to dismantle it in order to use the stone for the construction of the monastery bell tower. An accident helped save the church: the monks and the contractors did not agree on the price. The sophistication of the proportions and overall harmony of the temple is noted by many researchers: “...The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl near Vladimir is not only the most perfect temple created in Russia, but also one of the greatest monuments of world art...” I. E. Grabar
The Church of the Intercession on the Nerl is included in World Heritage List.
The meadow on which the church is located is now a specially protected natural area and declared a historical and landscape complex of regional significance. Here is a peaceful corner of the Vladimir land, on the shore, in a quiet distance from its hot heartbeat, the Church of the Intercession, standing on the Nerl. Vladimir churches in the distance, in burning gold and in mighty harmony. The Bogolyubov steep slope stretches above it, and the temple dives like a swan in the river. Here is the ancient natural border between the forest Meshora and the Suzdal Opolye, peace, beauty and complete freedom both in these days and in ancient times. In other places there is anxiety and noise, but this temple, in any difficult time, changes the meadow colors to the snow-white sparkles of winter. The filigree of captivating ancient art is embodied in a simple stone. And those who fall cry and laugh, subduing the pain, forgetting anger and abuse. Here is a fairy-tale mirror of Rus', and in the splashing of waters there is a holy background. There is a country all around - both near and far. Lord have mercy and save her. Question to the class: What architectural features of Vladimir churches did you emphasize? Sample student answer: The smooth, smooth walls of the white-stone Vladimir churches are decorated with sculptural reliefs. The doorways are framed by carved portals in the form of arches on columns. The wall is divided vertically by thin floor columns, and horizontally by an arcature belt - a continuous chain of decorative arches resting on columns. Elegance and grace reign in everything. Sculpture was not widely used in ancient Russian art, so the reliefs of Vladimir-Suzdal churches are unique. Summing up the lesson: Teacher: Architectural monuments of antiquity keep many secrets. In the 3rd century they underwent numerous reconstructions and alterations, which can often be discovered only as a result of special study. Over the centuries, the unique appearance of ancient Russian architecture was formed. The Byzantines were the first teachers of the Russians. But barely emerging from the swaddling clothes of apprenticeship, Russian architecture went its own independent way. Its main principle was unity in diversity. Design of the worksheet (Appendix 1) Questions for the class to consolidate the material: 1. Name the oldest buildings in Kiev, Novgorod, Vladimir. 2. What significance did Hagia Sophia have in the life of Kievan Rus? 3. What distinctive features of the architectural schools of Novgorod and Vladimir have you noted for yourself? Recording homework: Prepare material in the form of a message or presentation with photographs about ancient Russian temples that you met on excursions.

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Scenario for an extracurricular activity on MHC in 5th grade Andrey Rublev. Biography Summary of an integrated lesson in fine art, literature and MHC for grade 6. Methodological recommendations for compiling a worksheet for the MHC lesson

Ready-made lessons on MHC for 11th grade:

1. Style diversity of art of the 17th-18th centuries
2. The art of mannerism
3. Baroque architecture
4. Baroque fine art
5. Classicism in the architecture of Western Europe
6. Masterpieces of classicism in Russian architecture
7. Fine art of classicism and rococo
8. Realistic painting of Holland
9. Russian portrait of the 18th century
10. Baroque musical culture
11. Composers of the Vienna Classical School
12. Theatrical art of the 17th-18th centuries
13. Phoenix of Romanticism
14. Fine art of romanticism
15. Realism - the artistic style of the era
16. Fine art of realism
17. “Painters of Happiness” (impressionist artists)
18. Variety of styles of foreign music
19. Russian musical culture
20. Ways of development of Western European theater
21. Russian Drama Theater
22. The art of symbolism
23. The triumph of modernism
24. Architecture - from Art Nouveau to Constructivism
25. Styles and directions of foreign fine arts
26. Masters of the Russian avant-garde
27. Foreign music of the 20th century
28. Russian music of the 20th century
29. Foreign theater of the XX century
30. Russian theater of the XX century
31. The formation and flourishing of foreign cinema
32. Masterpieces of Russian cinema

Detailed contents of the MHC disc for grade 11. Disc cost: 420 rub.

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