Physical education and health activities in the daily routine of preschoolers

“ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH-RELATING WORK IN A PRESIDENTIAL INDUSTRY” article on the topic

ORGANIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH-RELATING WORK IN PRESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

Physical education instructor, GBDOU kindergarten No.

Korsakova Rimma Nikolaevna

The leading goals of physical education and health work in kindergarten are the creation of favorable conditions for a child to fully enjoy preschool childhood, the formation of the foundations of basic personal culture, the comprehensive development of mental and physical qualities in accordance with age and individual characteristics, and the preparation of the child for life in modern society. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education, the goals of physical education and health work are realized in the process of various types of children's activities: play, educational, artistic, motor, elementary labor.

In accordance with this, preschool education specialists develop the content of all forms of organization of physical education and the optimal pedagogical conditions for its implementation.

Physical education and health improvement of preschool children is a complex process. Mastering the technique of performing physical exercises is initially carried out in specially organized physical education classes, but later the child uses these movements in everyday life, in independent activities, therefore the habit of acting in a certain way successfully develops only with close interaction between the physical education instructor, the group teacher and the family

In order for this work to be effective, it is necessary to clearly understand what kind of return is expected from each of them. At the same time, the role of a physical education instructor seems quite complex and varied. It is envisaged that a strict sequence will be observed when children learn the program, taking into account the age characteristics and capabilities of the child at each period of his life, the state of the nervous system and the whole organism as a whole. Exceeding the requirements and accelerating the pace of children's education, bypassing the intermediate stages of the program, should be considered unacceptable, as this causes unbearable stress on the body, which is harmful to the health and neuropsychic development of children. Physical education, at the same time, comprehensively solves the problems of mental, moral, aesthetic and labor education.

In all forms of organizing the physical education of children (continuous educational activities (CED), outdoor games, independent motor activity, individual work, and so on), the attention of the physical education instructor is directed to the education of a consciously acting child, to the best of his age capabilities, who successfully masters motor skills who knows how to navigate the environment, actively overcome the difficulties encountered, and shows a desire for creative pursuits.

There is an increasing need, starting from a very early age, to ensure that preschoolers develop a sustainable interest, the need for regular physical exercise, and value motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle should begin already in kindergarten, since this is where the choice of alternative forms and methods of organizing the educational process takes place. It must be built on general pedagogical principles: scientific character and accessibility, continuity and practical purposefulness, dynamism and openness.

The general goal of education in the field of physical education is the formation in preschoolers of sustainable motives and needs for caring for their health, the holistic development of physical and mental qualities, and the creative use of physical education means in organizing a healthy lifestyle. In accordance with this, the preschool education program, with its subject content, is focused on achieving the following practical goals:

• development of basic physical qualities and abilities, strengthening health, expanding the functional capabilities of the body;
• formation of a culture of movements, enrichment of motor experience with physical exercises with a general developmental and corrective orientation;
• acquisition of skills in physical education and health and sports activities;
• mastering knowledge about physical culture and sports, their history and modern development, role in the formation of a healthy lifestyle

Physical culture most fully realizes its educational and developmental functions in the targeted pedagogical process of physical education and the construction of an individual healthy lifestyle strategy for each student.

Physical education is an organic part of general education; a socio-pedagogical process aimed at strengthening health, harmonious development of the forms and functions of the human body, its physical abilities and qualities, at the formation and improvement of motor skills and abilities necessary in everyday life and productive activities, and ultimately at achieving physical perfection

The main means and ways of physical education are physical exercises (natural and specially selected movements and their complexes - gymnastics, athletics), various sports and tourism, hardening of the body (use of the healing forces of nature - sun, air, water), compliance with a hygienic labor regime and everyday life, mastering special knowledge and skills in the field of using physical exercises, means of hardening, personal and public hygiene for the purpose of physical development and improvement (so-called physical education)

Each preschool educational institution operates according to a specific educational program for preschool education. A program is a state document that defines the goals, objectives, and content of work with children in various types of activities.

In the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard, the main attention in the process of working to preserve the health of preschool children is paid to the implementation of the educational area “Physical Development”.

Thus, to improve children’s health and prevent diseases, it is necessary not only to increase their level of physical activity, but also to systematically carry out active hardening measures. They can be local and general, traditional and non-traditional. An analysis of the practice of preschool institutions shows that in recent years there has been a decrease in the proportion of movements in the general daily routine; this negatively affects the formation of all systems and, undoubtedly, reduces the protective forces of the child’s body. Optimization of the motor regime thus becomes one of the elements of nonspecific prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARI). Health-improving physical education in childhood is part of the health complex system. When conducting educational activities with preschoolers, physical exercises should be selected taking into account age-related physiology and in accordance with the characteristics of the age period of childhood and the nature of responses.

Features of the organization of physical education and health work in a preschool educational institution. Physical education and health work is a set of activities carried out by employees of an educational institution aimed at strengthening and maintaining physical and mental health and improving the health of the child’s body.

The purpose of physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions is the development of basic motor actions, preparation for physical education at school, disease prevention and health promotion through physical education.

The main objectives of physical education and health work:

• maintaining physical and mental health;
• mastering basic motor actions;
• preparation for physical education at school;
• disease prevention;
• health promotion through physical culture

Physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions includes the following activities:

• physical activity,
• morning exercises,
• gymnastics after a nap,
• physical education minutes,
• games and exercises between classes (dynamic pause),
• outdoor games and exercises while walking,
• hardening activities

A physical education lesson is the main form of organized educational physical education exercise at a preschool educational institution. Classes are compulsory for all children. Classes are held all year round. In summer, physical education is not canceled. The following types of physical education activities are recommended for preschool children:

Classical classes (according to the scheme: introductory-preparatory part, main, final parts).

Game activities (using games: folk outdoor games, relay games, attraction games, etc.).

Training-type activities (walking, running, drill exercises, sports games, climbing exercises, acrobatic elements, ball exercises, etc.).

Thematic classes are complex (united with a certain plot, orienteering, with speech development, with quizzes, etc.).

Rhythmic gymnastics (classes consisting of dance movements).

Independent training (independent training of your choice, then checking the task by the trainer).

Classes in the “learning your body” series (talking about your body, learning self-massage, instilling basic self-care and first aid skills).

Thematic classes (with one type of physical exercise).

Control and testing classes (implementation of delays in the development of a child’s motor skills and ways to eliminate them)

Morning exercises are one of the important components of the motor regime; its organization should be aimed at raising the emotional and muscle tone of children. Daily physical exercise promotes the manifestation of certain volitional efforts, developing a useful habit in children of starting the day with morning exercises. Its purpose and methodology are well known.

Physical education is carried out by the teacher as needed (for 3–5 minutes), depending on the type and content of activities on speech development, drawing, and the formation of elementary mathematical concepts, mainly at the moment of signs of fatigue in children. You can conduct a physical education session with musical accompaniment, during which children can perform dance exercises or improvised movements (circling, half-squats, bending, etc.)

Games and exercises between classes, or motor warm-up, allow you to actively relax after mental stress and forced posture. It consists of 3-4 exercises, as well as voluntary movements of children using a variety of physical education aids. At the end of the warm-up, it is rational to do a relaxation exercise for 1–2 minutes. Long warm-up no more than 10 minutes.

Outdoor games and physical exercises are carried out during walks. Outdoor games are complex motor, emotionally charged activities, determined by established rules that help to identify the final outcome or quantitative result. Outdoor games serve as a method of improving motor skills already mastered by children and developing physical qualities. Outdoor games are divided by content into outdoor games with rules and sports games.

Summer fun on walks. In the summer, entertainment helps the teacher solve serious educational, educational and health problems in an accessible and interesting way. Active participation in entertainment enriches children with new experiences and provides an opportunity to acquire motor skills and abilities. Fun games are essentially physical exercises, put into a game form with or without musical accompaniment (classics, rubber bands)

After a nap, it is important to improve the mood and muscle tone of each child, as well as take care of the prevention of posture and foot problems. This can be facilitated by a complex of gymnastics after daytime sleep, which is variable in nature; depending on this, its duration will also change (from 7–15 minutes). Warm-up in bed and a set of exercises.

Hardening is the most important part of the physical education of preschool children. The best means of hardening are the natural forces of nature: air, sun and water.

To implement the above-mentioned physical education and health activities in preschool institutions, certain conditions are created that contribute to the protection and strengthening of children’s health, their physical and mental development. In addition, traditional forms and methods of health-improving, therapeutic and preventive work with children are used.

To organize physical education and recreational work, the preschool educational institution has: a gym equipped with modern equipment; outdoor sports ground; physical education corners in all age groups; medical and treatment rooms; speech therapy room.

Medical care for preschool children is most often provided by: a doctor, a nurse. During the school year, health-improving work with children is carried out: hardening, preventive vaccinations, fortified nutrition, and regular examinations of children are organized. Throughout the year, parents of pupils are informed about medical and health work and about the morbidity of their children.

When organizing recreational activities, it is necessary to comply with a system for ensuring safe life activities, which involves studying traffic rules and safety precautions in classes and in joint activities.

At the preschool educational institution, targeted work is carried out with the parents of pupils, since only in close contact between teachers and parents can good results be achieved, strengthen and preserve the health of the child

Work on improving the health of children in preschool educational institutions may also include the work of a psychologist in developing communication skills and correcting problems of the child’s emotional development (fears, anxiety, aggressiveness).

Thus, physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions is aimed at and contributes to maintaining physical and mental health and strengthening the child’s body. The choice of specific means and methods depends on the population of children and the tasks of the preschool institution.

Pedagogical conditions for organizing physical education and recreational work in a preschool educational institution

• increasing the professional competence of teachers in the field of physical education of preschool children,
• developing parents’ interest in physical education and health activities in a preschool educational institution,
• implementation of an individually differentiated approach in working with children.

Bibliography

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2. Alyamovskaya V.G. How to raise a healthy child. -M.: “Linka-press”, 1993
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4. Gavryuchina L.V. Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions: Methodological manual. – M.: TC Sfera, 2007. – 160 p. (Healthy baby)
5. Glazyrina L.D. Physical education - for preschoolers M. VLADOS 1999
6. Kudryavtsev V.T., Egorov B.B. Developmental pedagogy of health improvement. –M.: “Linka-press”, 2000
7. Makhaneva M.D. Raising a healthy child: A manual for practitioners of preschool educational institutions. – M.:2000
8. Overchuk T.I. “Health and physical development of children in preschool educational institutions: problems and ways of optimization” - M.: GNOM Publishing House and D., 2002.
9. Runova M.A. “Motor activity of a child in kindergarten” - M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2002.
10. Sivtsova A.M. Health-saving pedagogical technologies in preschool educational institutions: selection, implementation and rational use: Methodological recommendations. – St. Petersburg: SPbAPPO, 2008. – 56 p.
11. Fomina N.A., Gorina E.A. Musical and rhythmic breathing exercises for preschoolers
12. Shebeko V.I., Ermak N.N. Let's play exercises: Creativity in motor activity of children: Pos. for teachers of preschool institutions - Mn.: NM Center, 1999.
13. Yakovleva L.V., Yudina R.A. Physical development and health of children 3-7 years old part 1-3 M. VLADOS 2003.

Contents of physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions

The content of physical education and health work in a preschool educational institution involves:

Work with children

It is carried out by teachers, assistant teachers, medical workers, physical education instructor, psychologist, music director and includes:

• Diagnostics;

• Good nutrition;

• Effective hardening system;

• Organization of rational motor activity;

• Creation of conditions for organizing health-improving regimes for children;

• Formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle;

• Use of psychohygienic and psychoprophylactic means and methods;

• Corrective work;

• Preventive work;

• Summer recreational activities.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics is a set of activities (observation, questioning, testing, etc.) that help to get to know the child deeply “in all respects”, determine initial indicators of mental and physical health, motor readiness, objective and subjective health criteria.

Medical workers: a pediatrician and a nurse, studying the history of the child’s development, identify frequently ill children suffering from chronic diseases. Taking into account the age and personal characteristics of the person being examined through the joint efforts of teachers and medical workers makes it possible not only to identify the problems and difficulties the child has, but also his potential capabilities.

The group’s educators diagnose the knowledge, skills, and habits provided for by the program “From Birth to School” edited by Veraks N.E., and observe the child’s behavior in everyday life. A teacher-psychologist identifies individual characteristics of the development of mental processes, characteristics of behavior and the emotional-volitional sphere. The physical education instructor monitors the development of motor skills, the level of motor activity, and diagnoses physical fitness.

When organizing health, preventive and correctional work, taking into account the physiological and psychological state of children, changes are made to the daily routine and the schedule of classes due to the fact that some children study individually, according to a gentle regimen.

Nutrition

When organizing meals, adhere to the natural needs of the child and eliminate violence. Older children determine their norm independently, and children, with the help of adults, by agreement. In our work on catering, we use the recommendations of N. Amosov, V. Levi, G. Shatalova. Explain to children that it is immoral to throw away food that you have taken.

Catering requirements:

• Implementation of the nutrition regime;

• Food hygiene;

• Daily compliance with food consumption and caloric intake standards;

• Aesthetics of catering (serving);

• Individual approach to children during meals;

Effective hardening system

Hardening provides training of the body's defenses, increasing resistance to the effects of changing environmental factors and is a necessary condition for the optimal development of the child.

Requirements for organizing hardening:

• The hardening effect fits organically into every element of the daily regimen

• Hardening procedures vary both in type and intensity depending on the health of each child

• Hardening is carried out against the background of various motor activities of children in physical education classes, in the swimming pool, and other routine moments

• Hardening is carried out against a positive emotional background and with thermal comfort of the children’s body

A set of hardening activities carried out in preschool educational institutions:

1. Maintaining temperature conditions during the day;

2. Proper organization of the walk and its duration;

3. Compliance with seasonal clothing during walks, taking into account the individual health status of children;

4. Lightweight clothing for children in preschool educational institutions;

5. Breathing exercises after sleep;

6. Washing hands up to the elbows, neck, upper chest with cool water;

7. A set of contrasting hardening procedures along the “health” path (Game paths);

8. Contrasting air baths.

Methods of healing:

• Walking on damp sand (in summer), on a rug (in the off-season);

• Contrast dousing of legs (in summer);

• Dosed health-improving running in the air (during the year), including along obstacle courses;

• Stepping from a basin with cold water to a basin with warm water (in summer);

• Walking barefoot on the sports ground in summer;

• Relaxation exercises using a background music (music therapy);

• Using elements of psycho-gymnastics in physical education classes;

Organization of rational motor activity

Physical education has a significant impact on improving the child’s body’s defenses, the course of his physical development, and helps master the necessary movements.

Objectives of health promotion through physical education:

• Increasing the body's resistance to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms and adverse environmental factors;

• Improving the body's thermoregulation reactions, ensuring its resistance to colds;

• Increased physical performance;

• Normalization of the activity of individual organs and functional systems, as well as possible correction of congenital or acquired defects of physical development;

• Increasing the tone of the cerebral cortex and creating positive emotions that help protect and strengthen mental health.

Educational activities in preschool educational institutions should be structured in accordance with the following principles:

1. The principle of health-improving orientation. The teacher is responsible for the life and health of each child. Therefore, the feasibility of carrying out any pedagogical event must be considered from the standpoint of the health of each child.

2. The principle of diversified personality development. At any physical education event you must:

• strive to activate the child’s mental activity, to create conditions in which the child independently seeks the most rational way of behavior;

• practice labor actions;

• focus on beauty, grace of movements, emotionally perceive rhythm and music;

• develop the moral qualities of children, the ability to empathize with the joy of victory and the grief of defeat of comrades.

3. The principle of humanization and democratization of the pedagogical process.

The basis of any pedagogical process is the mental, physical, social well-being of children. An authoritarian style of relationship with children is not acceptable. In addition, during physical education classes it is necessary to allocate time for children’s independent motor activity.

4. The principle of comfort. At physical education events, a child should receive pleasant emotions from communicating with peers, from understanding that he is doing something very important for his health, from the pleasure of conquering his inability, from a feeling of “muscular joy” when performing physical exercises.

5. The principle of individualization. All physical activities are built taking into account the health, motor needs, abilities, motor preferences, motor readiness, and gender differences of children.

6. The principle of unity with the family.

7. The principle of fascination (charm). At physical education events, the child should be fascinated by the environment, the personality of the teacher, the achievements of his comrades, the beauty and grace of the exercises performed and, of course, his own achievements.

8. The principle of syncretism (connection, unification). Combining various methods of children's activities that allow the child to express himself most fully and independently, receiving satisfaction from learning and realizing his capabilities, and experiencing emotional comfort.

9. The principle of creative direction. Develop children's creative imagination at physical education events.

Basic requirements for the organization of physical education in preschool educational institutions:

• Daily routine taking into account hygienic requirements (standardization of routine moments in accordance with the age of children)

• Correct ratio of dynamic and static components in classes and in free time (children are given 3.5-4 hours for active motor activity)

• Introduction of various forms of physical activity into the educational process

• Use of maximum areas for movements, diversity of the subject environment, sufficient provision of appropriate gymnastic simulators of the simplest type and complex devices, equipment and aids

• Compliance with air-thermal conditions

• Physical activity is adequate to the child’s age, gender, level of physical development, biological maturity and health

• Combination of physical activity with generally available hardening procedures

• Mandatory inclusion in the physical education complex of elements of breathing exercises and exercises to increase endurance

• Classes are structured taking into account the health group (subgroup)

• Medical control over physical education and prompt medical correction of identified health problems

• Inclusion in gymnastics and exercises of elements of corrective gymnastics for the prevention of flat feet and postural disorders.

Forms of organization of physical education:

• Physical exercises in the gym and on the sports field.

System of physical education classes:

- with children from 2 to 3 years old - with a subgroup of 10-12 people. duration -15-20 minutes;

-from 3 to 7 years – with the whole group at the same time 3 times a week;

Physical education classes are divided into parts: Introductory – solves a psychological problem: organize, activate attention, arouse interest, create a cheerful mood. It includes drill exercises, various types of walking, exercises and attention games. The main one is that motor skills are formed and physical qualities are developed. It includes basic movements, high mobility games, and relay games. The final one is its purpose to reduce physical activity. load, calm state of the child, maintain a cheerful mood, summarize the lesson. It includes walking, running at an average pace, under. games of a calm nature.

To successfully conduct physical education classes, there are the following ways to organize children:

The frontal method of organization is when all children simultaneously perform the same exercise or do different exercises at the same time. This method is used in all parts of the lesson, including the main one.

A group method of organization is when a group of children is divided into several subgroups and each receives a separate task.

An individual way of organization is when each child does the exercise in turn, and the teacher checks the quality of performance and gives appropriate instructions.

• Measured walking

It is carried out in natural conditions, in the fresh air, which promotes hardening, increasing physical endurance, normalizing psycho-emotional activity. The purpose of dosed walking is to form the correct walking stereotype and correct posture, and develop orientation in space. Dosed walking is carried out daily, during a walk, in the first half of the day. It is better to start in the warm season by walking on a flat surface in calm weather. It is better to master recreational and sports walking in two stages. The first stage is recreational walking at a pace familiar to children: starting from 15 minutes, reaching 30 minutes in a few weeks. The second stage is recreational walking. Once children can walk without strain for 30 minutes, they can move on to the second stage. You need to gradually increase your walking speed while monitoring your heart rate.

• Health running

Running is an effective means of developing many body functions:

running brings all muscle groups into shape: when running, not only the calves and thighs work, but also the abs, arms, and neck;

cardiovascular training. The heart is trained, blood circulation improves, and, consequently, the supply of oxygen to organs;

running has a beneficial effect on the immune system and central nervous system;

running promotes hardening if you jog in the fresh air;

Running develops personal qualities such as self-control, determination, and endurance.

The time interval of continuous running is from 20 seconds. up to 3 minutes:

1. Second junior group - at the beginning of the school year, continuous running lasts 20-30 seconds, at the end of the year - up to 1 minute. When running, it is necessary to develop the ability to run without bumping into each other, and to maintain the pace of movement.

2. Middle group - the duration of continuous running reaches 1.5 minutes. Particular attention is paid to the development of running rhythm, active hip extension, and energetic toe push-off.

3. Senior group - by the end of the year, the duration of continuous running reaches 2 minutes. At this age, there are different types of running - on the toe with a roll on the heel and vice versa. Continuous running can alternate with running on your toes, with high knees, with obstacles, etc.

• Physical education minutes

Physical education sessions are held in classes with various contents, with the aim of preventing and relieving fatigue and increasing the productivity of mental activity. They are selected taking into account the content of the lesson, the age and physical fitness of the children.

Physical education should create a cheerful mood, but not overexcite children.

Physical exercises in physical education classes are also carried out during breaks between classes for the purpose of active recreation.

• Physical education, holidays, “health days”

Physical education is the organization of active recreation. It brings joy to children and, at the same time, contributes to solving the problems of physical education.

Leisure activities are carried out 1-2 times a month, lasting 15-20 minutes in the 2nd junior group, and 20-25 minutes in the middle group, 25-35 minutes in the senior and preparatory groups.

For physical education leisure, exercises are selected that children have mastered in physical education classes, in which they can compete in agility, speed, ingenuity, resourcefulness, and ingenuity. Entertainment may include outdoor games, attractions, and relay races.

Physical education festivals are held 2 times a year. They are dedicated to different seasons of the year or can be thematic in nature. For example, the holiday of Neptune.

Health Days are planned once a quarter. The best place to hold them is a forest, clearing, meadow, where games, entertainment, and competitions in running, throwing, and jumping are organized.

The program also includes hiking.

In winter, children can go into the forest on skis.

At all times of the year, Health Days are accompanied by relay races, outdoor and sports games.

On days of organizing physical education leisure, a holiday, or Health Day, physical education classes are not planned during the day.

The dosage of physical activity increases with age.

• Morning exercises;

Morning exercises are a set of specially selected exercises aimed at setting up, “charging” the child for the whole coming day.

Time spending:

Junior group – 6 minutes;

Middle group – 8 minutes;

Senior group – 10 minutes;

• Individual work with children.

— Individual work is aimed at teaching children who are lagging behind in mastering physical exercises, activating those who are sedentary, and improving the physical development of weakened children.

Thus, systematic developmental physical education and health work carried out by teachers in preschool educational institutions makes it possible to effectively solve the issues of full physical development of preschool children, maintaining and strengthening their health, and instills in children the need for movement and a positive emotional perception of life.

Practical part.docx

Forms of physical education and health work in preschool educational institutions

 One of the main tasks in a preschool institution is to protect and strengthen the health of children, comprehensive physical development and hardening of the body. In our kindergarten, a system of physical education and health work has been created, which contributes to the formation of a healthy, strong, seasoned, cheerful, responsive, proactive child, who has good control of his movements, loves sports and physical exercise, and is capable of learning at school and for active subsequent creative activities. For this purpose, all conditions have been created that meet the medical and educational requirements for preserving and strengthening the health of children. Kindergarten teachers use various forms of physical education and health work with children, taking into account their level of development and health status. Physical education in a preschool institution is carried out not only in educational activities in physical education, but also in everyday life. Several forms of physical education and recreational work are carried out every day throughout the day. [4.32]

Morning exercises.

Morning exercises are a gradual introduction of the body into favorable physical activity. In kindergarten, gymnastics is one of the routine moments. And a means to raise the emotional tone of children. To increase children’s interest in morning exercises and diversify physical activity, we change its form and location.

Along with traditional morning exercises, different types and variants of it can be introduced into the practice of preschool institutions, both in terms of content and in methods of implementation. We offer different options. Morning gymnastics of a play nature includes 2–3 outdoor games or 5–7 play exercises of an imitation nature “Morning in the Forest”, “Kolobok”, as well as varying degrees of intensity, which are performed as a set of exercises with a general developmental effect. Exercises on an obstacle course - children can be offered exercises with a gradual increase in load: increasing the complexity of motor tasks with the inclusion of different basic types of movements, increasing the number of repetitions, increasing the tempo of movements, changing the alternation of physical education exercises: “Who is first”, “Through the swamp”. Morning exercises can be carried out in the form of a health jog. This type of morning exercises must be carried out in the air - for 5–7 minutes. continuous running at an average pace with a gradual increase in distance and time. At the end of the gymnastics, breathing exercises are offered. A set of musical and rhythmic exercises (consisting of a warm-up, 5–6 basic developmental exercises in dance movements.)

The content of morning exercises includes various formations and formations, various types of walking, running, jumping with a gradual increase in the motor activity of children. Exercises for balance and coordination development, outdoor games and basic developmental exercises are offered.

The complex of morning exercises should be repeated for two weeks.

In older preschool age, children must independently reproduce the entire complex after 2-3 repetitions. During the organization, musical accompaniment is necessary. [8.58]

Physical education minute

Physical education minutes - short-term physical exercises - are carried out in the middle, senior and preparatory groups during breaks between classes, as well as during classes that require intellectual stress (speech development, drawing, mathematics, etc.) It is well known that physical education minutes are used to maintain mental performance at good level. At the moment when children’s attention decreases and motor restlessness appears (usually for 12–15 minutes), fatigue sets in, you can offer several physical exercises standing at their tables or in a free place in the group “Chopping wood”, “Clocks” ", "Diving". These are general developmental exercises: bending the torso, moving the arms up and to the sides, half-squats and squats, bouncing, skipping, walking. A physical education lesson may be accompanied by text related or not related to the movement of the lesson. When pronouncing a text by children, it is necessary to ensure that they exhale when pronouncing the words of one line, and take a deep and calm breath before the beginning of the next line. After physical education, the child’s breathing remains calm. You can conduct physical education with musical accompaniment, during which children can perform dance exercises or improvised movements.

Motor warm-up (dynamic pause) is carried out during a long break between classes, allowing you to actively relax after mental stress and forced posture. It consists of 3-4 exercises, as well as voluntary movements of children using a variety of physical education aids. At the end of the warm-up, it is rational to do a relaxation exercise for 1–2 minutes. Warm-up duration is no more than 10 minutes. [2,112]

Outdoor games, physical exercises while walking. Outdoor games are complex motor, emotionally charged activities. Outdoor games serve as a method of improving motor skills already mastered by children and developing physical qualities. Outdoor games are divided by content into outdoor games with rules and sports games.

Awakening gymnastics. After a nap, it is important to improve the mood and muscle tone of each child, as well as take care of the prevention of posture and foot disorders. This can be facilitated by a complex of gymnastics after daytime sleep, which is variable in nature; depending on this, its duration will also change (from 7–15 minutes).

A set of exercises is carried out in bed. Children gradually wake up to the sounds of melodic music, lying in bed, for 3-4 minutes, perform 4-5 general developmental exercises. You can offer exercises from various positions: lying on your side, on your stomach, sitting. After this, the children walk, gradually turning into running - they run out of the bedroom into a well-ventilated group with a temperature of 17-19 degrees, after which they move on to the massage paths. Children study in their underpants and barefoot. After performing various variations of gymnastics, they move on to water hardening procedures: wiping with a damp mitten, followed by rubbing with a dry towel. In our preschool institution, much attention is paid to hardening procedures, which have a particular effect on improving health and reducing morbidity.

Hardening is the most important part of the physical education of preschool children. The best means of hardening are the natural forces of nature: air, sun and water. The purpose of hardening is to develop the body’s ability to quickly bring the functioning of organs and systems into line with the changing external environment. As a result of hardening, the child becomes less susceptible to sudden changes in temperature and colds and infectious diseases. Seasoned children have good health and appetite, are calm, balanced, cheerful, cheerful, and highly productive. Such results can be achieved only with the correct implementation of hardening procedures.

Positive results from hardening procedures can only be expected if such principles as gradualism, consistency, systematicity, complexity, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child are observed, as well as an active and positive attitude of children towards hardening procedures.

Air hardening is the most accessible means of hardening at any time of the year. Systematic exposure of a child to the air helps the body adapt more quickly to changing temperature conditions. The positive effects of air baths increase if combined with physical exercise. In addition to organized physical education activities in the daily routine of children of senior preschool age, independent motor activity should occupy a significant place. However, here too, children’s actions largely depend on the conditions created by adults. With proper guidance of independent activities, you can significantly influence the variety of games and movements without suppressing the initiative of the child himself.

Independent motor activity of children is organized at different times of the day: in the morning before breakfast, between classes, during play hours after naps and during walks (morning and evening). Active actions of children should alternate with calmer activities. It is important to take into account the individual characteristics of each child and his well-being.

When planning independent activities, it is important to take care of creating a physical education and play environment (space sufficient for movement, variety and rotation of aids and toys), and allocate special time in the daily routine for children to play independently. To create diversity and novelty in the physical education and gaming environment, the teacher can introduce various physical education aids during the day and group them in different ways. This avoids monotony of movements and promotes the all-round development of children.

The teacher must influence the children’s choice of appropriate exercises and games, providing them with the necessary equipment, manuals, and explaining the methods of movement. It teaches children to play together, encourages more dexterous children who have good command of movements to help their peers.

Finger games are a very important part of developing fine motor skills. These games are very emotional and exciting. They promote the development of speech and creative activity. Finger games seem to reflect the reality of the surrounding world - objects, animals, people, their activities, natural phenomena. During finger games, children, repeating the movements of adults, activate hand motor skills. This develops dexterity, the ability to control one’s movements, and concentrate attention on one type of activity.

Finger games are the staging of any rhymed stories or fairy tales using the fingers. Many games require the participation of both hands, which allows children to navigate the concepts of “right”, “left”, “up”, “down”, etc. [7,52]

Breathing exercises can be performed during morning exercises, exercises after waking up, or while walking.

At first, breathing exercises seem to be one of the most difficult for children. And it is all the more important to help children by turning boring exercises into a fun game.

You should not set a goal to complete all the exercises at once. You can perform several well-known ones, gradually supplementing them with new ones, or change them, dividing them by day of the week.

By teaching your preschooler simple and fun breathing exercises, you will make an invaluable contribution to his health + prevention of ARVI.

Eye exercises are used for preventive and health purposes to prevent visual fatigue in children. A set of eye gymnastics exercises is performed to music for 3–5 minutes. It includes up to 5 exercises, including massage exercises, rubbing, eye strain relief, and attention exercises.

Literature:

1. Afonin, I. How beautiful this world is / I. Afonin. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2006. - 206 p.
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3. Buzunova, A. Medical and pedagogical health work / A. Buzunova, P. Volkov. // Preschool education. - 2003. - No. 4. - P. 64.
4. Vavilova, E. N. Teach to jump, run, climb, throw / E. N. Vavilova. - M.: Education, 2003. - 174 p.
5. Veselaya, Z. A. The game accepts everyone / Z. A. Veselaya. - Minsk: Polymya, 2007. - 58 p.
6. Golitsyna, N. S. Non-traditional physical education classes in a preschool educational institution / N. S. Golitsyna. - M.: Scriptorium 2003, 2003. - 72 p.
7. Golubeva, G. N. Program - “Be healthy!” (research program to strengthen the health of children in preschool educational institutions) / G. N. Golubeva. - Nab. Chelny: Salad 1999. - 32 p.
8. Gorkova, L.G. Physical education classes in preschool educational institutions: Main types, scenarios of classes / L.G. Gorkova, L.A. Obukhova. - M.: 5 for knowledge, 2005. - 38–40, 55 p.