Topic: Morality outline of a social studies lesson (grade 10) on the topic
The date of the:______________
Topic: MORALITY.
Target:
-educational: to form students’ ideas about morality from its origins to the present day;
-developmental: continued development of the ability to compare social science terms, skills in working with educational text, highlighting the main thing in the text;
— educational: instilling respect for moral principles and norms.
Lesson type: learning new material.
During the classes
- Organizing time.
- Updating basic knowledge.
- What is the purpose of science?
- What is the essence of the division of science into fundamental and applied, give examples of each type of science?
- What is scientific and technological progress, give three examples of its influence on social development?
- What is such a characteristic feature of modern science as universality expressed?
- Learning new material.
Morality is one of the most ancient forms of human consciousness, since it arose along with the human community: as soon as one person begins to “relate” to another person, their relationship immediately takes on one form or another of morality or immorality.
Origin of morality
The 1st concept is religious (morality is given to man by God). Religion considers the “Divine Law” to be the primary and supreme basis of morality. Divine laws are eternal in nature, therefore the moral nature of man is unchanged: good is good, evil is evil. Moral requirements are formulated in the Decalogue - the Ten Commandments.
The 2nd concept is naturalistic.
(Morality is inherent in man from the very beginning and is inherent in him by nature itself.)
Social Darwinism is one of the directions of this concept. Supporters of this movement believe that the laws of struggle for existence that apply in the animal world also apply in human society. And since man is a biological being, whose existence proceeds according to the general laws of living nature, the origin of morality should be sought in the selective ability of life itself, in the struggle for existence, in the presence of a moral sense in animals.
– Using the example of animal life, show that they have feelings of solidarity and collectivism.
Charles Darwin believed that animals have all the moral concepts that exist in human society.
– Do you agree with Charles Darwin? Justify your answer.
A person's morality is inseparable from his social life.
C. Spencer believed that since in society, as in nature, there is a struggle for existence, the determining moral principle of people’s behavior remains the principle of “survival of the fittest.”
Modern social Darwinists argue that man is a brute animal, he only wears a mask of integrity and decency, under which vicious inclinations and bestial passions rage. J. Huxley writes that human nature is characterized by “bloody teeth and claws.”
Eugenics is a direction of naturalistic concept, based on the fact that social forms of behavior are properties that are inherited.
According to Freudianism, a person’s behavior is determined by mental processes not subject to consciousness, which are based on innate unconscious drives: sexual – Eros and the death drive – Tonatos.
The 3rd concept is sociologizing, connecting the emergence of morality with the development of society. Morality organizes a person’s behavior and his relationships with other people in the most “beneficial”, “convenient” way for society, ensuring its optimal existence.
The 4th concept is cultural, connecting the origin of morality with specific sociocultural conditions.
Patterns of moral development
1. Historical movement of morality (from era to era, norms and values change).
2. Constant development and dynamic interaction of the moral system and its elements (traditions, innovations).
3. In the development of morality, there is a connection with other elements of spiritual life: religion, art, science, philosophy and dependence on them.
4. Morality has a reverse effect on all forms of spiritual culture.
5. The influence of morality on solving global problems.
Assignment: Read the definition of “morality” and explain it.
Morality is a specific way of spiritual and practical development of the world, presupposing a special value-imperative attitude towards it.
– What does the unity of the spiritual and practical mean? What is a value-imperative attitude towards the world?
(On the one hand, morality serves as the basis of a person’s spiritual culture and an indicator of the measure of humanity in a person; on the other hand, all of a person’s practical activities, all of his behavior are determined and organized by the moral ideas that have developed in society.)
Morality is universal and permeates all areas of life.
Morality is evaluative in nature: it considers all phenomena of the world and human actions through the prism of values and assessments.
It develops instructions that require people to behave morally, which manifests its imperative (imperative) character.
Thus, the essence of morality is to ensure a balance of personal and public good, to bring harmony to the process of human communication.
The main element in the moral system are moral principles.
Moral principles are the main fundamental ideas about proper human behavior, on which moral standards are based.
The most important principles are the principles of collectivism and individualism.
– Explain these principles. Which principle is closest to you and why?
E. Fromm, who considered self-love to be the highest value, stated: “Egoism and self-love, while in no way identical, are direct opposites. A selfish person loves himself not too much, but too little, but in fact he hates himself... He is inevitably unhappy and anxiously tries to snatch pleasures from life... He seems to care too much about himself, but in reality he only makes unsuccessful attempts to hide and compensate for their failure to care for their own self... Selfish people are not able to love others, but they are not able to love themselves.”
Do you agree with E. Fromm?
According to E. Fromm, self-love and love for others are in principle connected: “If an individual is able to love consciously, he also loves himself; if he loves only others, he cannot love at all... My own self must be as much the object of my love as the other person.”
The basic principles of morality are manifested in moral norms.
Moral norms are specific rules of behavior that determine how a person should behave in relation to society, other people, and himself.
The moral ideal occupies a significant place in the moral system.
A moral ideal is a holistic example of moral behavior that people strive for, considering it the most reasonable, useful, and beautiful.
– Give examples of moral ideals.
Moral norms, principles, ideals are manifested in the moral activity of people, which is the result of the interaction of moral consciousness, moral attitudes and moral behavior.
– What are moral relations?
Give examples of such relationships. Who does the person enter into a relationship with?
(See: Ethics: textbook / T. V. Mishatkina, Z. V. Brazhnikova, N. I. Mushinsky, etc.; edited by T. V. Mishatkina, Ya. S. Yaskevich. - 3rd ed. - Minsk: New knowledge, 2004. - ISBN 985-475-065-5).
These schemes can be considered in groups. Each group, having examined one diagram, explains it (4 groups - 4 diagrams).
Functions of morality
1. Humanizing (introducing a person to high moral principles and ideals and following them in relations with people “humanizes” a person, makes him a Person worthy of love and respect).
2. Regulatory (morality regulates the behavior and relationships of people in society).
3. Educational (participates in the formation of the human personality and its self-awareness).
4. Cognitive (morality equips us with the “secrets” of human behavior and communication).
5. Communicative (morality is a necessary condition, factor and result of human communication).
IV. Consolidation of what has been learned.
Answer the questions:
1) I. Kant owns the words: “Two things always fill the soul with new and increasingly strong surprise and awe - this is the starry sky above me and the moral law in me.” How do you understand this statement?
2) What do you think motivates a person to act morally? And what makes him do evil?
3) “Average” young Americans surveyed by Russian television journalist M. Taratuta, to the question “What is individualism?” answered:
Individualism is:
– freedom of action and the right to this freedom;
– a person’s awareness of himself, openness to other people;
– when they don’t tell you what to do, you decide for yourself;
– the path to loneliness, which generates fear, and the desire to express oneself in any way;
– when you can live the way you want, and not be afraid that something will happen to you for it;
– individualism gives rise to the desire to do and create something.
Express your attitude to the opinions of your American peers.
Homework: § 12 learn concepts, read §
