PROJECT “The influence of a cell phone on the human body” - presentation

Phone yesterday and today

Many of us cannot imagine our life without a phone. What do we know about him?

Even in ancient times, people were able to transmit signals over long distances. But conversations at a distance became possible only with the invention of the telephone.

Who invented the telephone? It turns out that the patent for the then still incomplete telephone model was awarded to the Englishman Alexander Graham Bell on March 6, 1867. The history of the creation of the device is very interesting... Alexander Bell, a member of the London Philological Society, worked at the Boston School for the Deaf and Mutes and gave private diction lessons to people who stutter. He also worked on the problem of simultaneous transmission of several telegrams over one wire, the successful solution of which promised huge money.

It must be said that work to improve the telegraph was progressing successfully. Bell's idea was based on the vibration of tuning forks, each of which was tuned to a specific note. The “musical telegraph” could simultaneously transmit seven telegrams, according to the number of musical notes.

In mid-1875, as a result of a malfunction of the “seven-note telegraph” model, the inventor was struck by the idea of ​​​​the possibility of transmitting human speech over a distance. This happened at the moment when his assistant Watson, pulling out one of the springs of the transmitting device and, not paying attention to the fact that the line was connected, caused a barely audible rattling at the other end of the wire, which Bell caught...

A year later, the jury members got acquainted with the Bell apparatus. They sat down in front of the receiving device, and the inventor went into the transmitter booth, installed at the opposite end of the building.

Soon the jury members heard a voice - it was Bell with feeling reciting Hamlet’s famous monologue “To be or not to be.” On the same day, Sunday June 25, 1876, Bell named his invention “telephone” - from the Greek words “tele” - far and “phonos” - sound.

Time flies, the phone develops and changes. A person dreams and comes up with more and more advanced phones. Cellular communication appears in our lives. And now you’ll hardly meet a person who doesn’t have a cell phone.

The first cell phone was invented in the USA by a Ukrainian immigrant 46 years ago and it weighed more than 1 kg .

At the same time, both the device itself and a minute of conversation on it were quite expensive. But business and busy people quickly realized the importance of this new product. Due to the fact that with the advent of such a device it became possible to always be “in touch”, which was sometimes simply necessary for the successful resolution of certain business issues. Now there was no need to sit near a telephone landline, putting aside all other matters and waiting for a call. Mobile phones have become a significant time saver for people.

Modern cell phones are compact and sophisticated.

A mobile phone is a small device that you can talk on and that you can take with you as you move around the city, the country and the world.

Presentation on the topic “Mobile phones in our lives”

MOBILE PHONES IN OUR LIFE

1. Development of mobile communications

At the dawn of civilization, primitive methods were used to quickly transmit information over long distances - signal fires, drums, stone hammers, bows, muskets and much more. Nowadays, most people associate the word “mobile” with a cell phone. Indeed, cellular penetration in developed countries is close to 100%. In addition, the cell phone embodies many modern technologies used in other modern devices.

The first step towards the emergence of mobile communications was the hypothesis of the English physicist James Clerk Maxwell that in nature there are electric and magnetic fields, which are components of a single electromagnetic field. A change in the electric field causes the appearance of a magnetic field, and vice versa. An electromagnetic wave begins to propagate in space. The scientist mathematically proved that the speed of this process is equal to the speed of light in a vacuum.

Later, the German scientist Heinrich Hertz found a way to produce and detect electromagnetic waves. Hertz's experiments interested physicists around the world.

At the same time, the enterprising Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi was engaged in the development of radio devices. He failed to obtain a patent for the invention of the radio, because in Russia the invention of the radio receiver had already been made public by A. S. Popov, but he came up with many design and radio engineering improvements and received many corresponding patents. Subsequently, he organized it in England.

In 1947, two events took place that were of great importance for the further development of radiotelephone communications. Bell Laboratories employees W. Shockley, W. Brattain and J. Bardeen invented the transistor, and D. Ring put forward the idea of ​​​​the cellular principle of organizing mobile communication networks. This solved two problems at once: how to reduce the size of mobile phones and how to bring channels closer in frequency.

Let's digress a little and remember the USSR. Our first fully automatic professional mobile radio communication system with moving objects called “Altai” started working in 1962 (engineers A.P. Bileiko, M.A. Shkud, L.N. Margunov, G.Z. Grinev, V. M. Kuzmin). It was used by the state elite. It provided mobility within an impressively sized cellular circuit. Since this cellular network had few subscribers, there was no question of saving radio frequency resources. The system was manufactured in Voronezh.

The development of commercial mobile communication networks in Russia was stimulated by order of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation No. 18 of February 24, 1996. Then the cellular network began to operate, networks appeared in Moscow and Chelyabinsk.

The first prototype of Motorola's modern networks was mounted on top of the 50-story Allians Capital Building in New York in 1973. It could serve no more than 30 subscribers, and connected them to land lines. On the morning of April 3, Martin Cooper, vice president of Motorola, picked up the first Dina-TAC mobile phone, weighing 1.15 kg and measuring 22.5 × 12.5 × 3.75 cm, went out into the street and made the first “cellular” call in the world.

The simplest cell phone of this system is a microcomputer that controls not only the subscriber's call and negotiation processes, but also performs many other operations previously inaccessible to a regular telephone, such as the exchange of text messages and low-resolution graphics.

2. Electromagnetic radiation from the phone

You can't scare us! They have already frightened us - first with televisions (the nervous system becomes unusable), then with computers (you can go bald from radiation). Survived! Now they tell us: mobile phones are causing us trouble. But how can an ignorant person figure out which studies are objective and which were carried out in order to discredit a market competitor? Mobile phones have come very far in their development, and this has given new reasons for asking about their harm.

Cell phones rely on electromagnetic radiation to operate. The level of its safety is usually assessed in SAR (Specific absorption rate) - the maximum specific power absorbed by the human body during a normal conversation on a cell phone - it is expressed in W / kg. The lower the SAR, the safer the device. The maximum safe SAR level is 2.0, and the vast majority of modern phones are between 0.5 and 1.0.

In Russia, the situation with SAR looks both ridiculous and funny at the same time. The fact is that in our country SAR is not officially recognized as a sanitary standard. And as a temporary solution, it is customary to trust European standards. If you trust the sanitary standards developed for the USSR, then none of the modern phones should under any circumstances be used by putting them to the ear. In general, we can talk about SAR for a long time, it is important to know the following: this indicator has absolutely nothing to do with the cost of the phone (“cheaper” does not mean “worse”, and “more expensive” does not always mean “better”). Today, manufacturers do not strive to reduce the SAR value - they are much more concerned with the issues of creating a unique design and maximum functionality at a minimum cost, the main thing is not to exceed the permissible limit. Experts often compare SAR of different phone models and regularly publish lists of models with maximum and minimum values ​​for this indicator.

The logic here is simple: the lower the SAR, the better for your health. Accepted standards imply complete safety of use for people who are in good health. But since there are not so many of them, and today it is practically impossible to do without using a mobile phone, a whole series of questions arise. In what mode is the phone most dangerous? What is the best place to wear it?

3. The influence of mobile phones on the human body

Each of us thinks that in his pocket or purse there is only a harmless phone, but with the same success we could spend most of our time in close contact with a small microwave oven.

The horror is that the damage to a mobile phone is caused not only when people talk on it, but also when it just lies on. In inactive mode, the phone communicates with the base station every few seconds, transmitting a small amount of information to it and, therefore, simply carrying a mobile phone is no more harmful than talking on it .

The most harmful to the human body, from a biological point of view, is high-frequency radiation in the centimeter range (microwave), which produces electromagnetic radiation of the highest intensity. Mobile communications is at the very beginning of this range.

Russian scientists from the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences came to the conclusion that a mobile phone operating in standby mode contributes to sleep disorders. During experiments conducted at the Institute of Biophysics of the State Scientific Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, it was found that after talking on a cell phone, the electrical activity of the brain changes. Studies conducted in Russia have shown the negative impact of mobile phones on humans, in particular on the lens of the eye, blood composition and sexual function of mice and rats. Moreover, these changes were irreversible even after more than 2 weeks of exposure to them.

How does telephone radiation affect the human body? What does phone radiation cause?

The most “harmless” and very quickly occurring consequences of regular use of a mobile phone are:

• weakening of memory;
• frequent headaches;
• decreased attention;
• tension in the eardrums;
• irritability;
• low stress resistance;
• sleep disorders;
• sudden attacks of fatigue;
• epileptic reactions;
• decreased mental and cognitive abilities.

The risk of disease increases significantly due to the use of mobile phones:

• childhood leukemia;
• ocular cataracts (and other diseases of the organs of vision);
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
• brain tumor;
• acoustic nerve tumor;
• breast cancer (due to carrying a mobile phone in a purse at chest level);
• Alzheimer's disease;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• disruption of the nervous system, which can lead to DNA damage;
• dysfunctions of the genitourinary system (possible infertility, female and male diseases);

I would like to clarify that the radiation of a telephone affects not only the person who is talking on it, but also all people who are within a radius of 1-3 meters!

Note!

We are not discouraging you from using mobile phones. We understand perfectly well that without this tool life is no longer possible.

But if you value your health and the health of your loved ones, then you should make sure that you have high-quality protection from electromagnetic fields (protection from electromagnetic radiation) !

The children's brain absorbs 50-70% more energy from mobile phone radiation due to the smaller size of the skull.

The critical systems in humans when exposed to EMFs are the central nervous system, immune and endocrine systems. Moreover, during the period of growth, the body is more sensitive to EMFs than an already formed, adult one.

Children are a target marketing group for the mobile communications market. They constitute a large number of telephone users and generate huge profits for telecom corporations. The mad rush by mobile phone companies is aimed at maximizing short-term profits. But we cannot ignore the emergence of possible long-term costs associated with disruption of the normal development of the child and youth body, both today and subsequent generations.

Every year, Russian mobile operators make 10% of their revenue from children – about $500 million.

The potential risk to children's health is very high:

• the absorption of electromagnetic energy in a child’s head is significantly higher than in an adult (the brain tissue of children has greater conductivity, smaller head size, thin skull bones, shorter distance from the antenna to the head, etc.);
• a child's body is more sensitive to the electromagnetic field than an adult;
• the brain of children has a greater tendency to accumulate adverse reactions under conditions of repeated irradiation with an electromagnetic field;
• the electromagnetic field influences the formation of processes of higher nervous activity;
• Modern children use mobile phones from an early age and will continue to use them as adults, so the experience of children in contact with electromagnetic radiation will be significantly longer than that of modern adults.

According to members of the Russian National Committee for Protection from Non-Ionizing Radiation, the following possible immediate disorders should be expected in children using mobile phones: weakened memory, decreased attention, decreased mental and cognitive abilities, irritability, sleep disturbance, increased epileptic readiness.

Expected (possible) long-term consequences: tumors of the brain, auditory and vestibular nerves (at the age of 25-30 years), Alzheimer's disease, "acquired dementia", depressive syndrome and other manifestations of degeneration of the nervous structures of the brain (at the age of 50-60 years).

Positive properties of a mobile phone

The main thing is saving time and convenience. It may be possible to communicate with relatives, friends, and work colleagues without direct contact. A mobile phone allows its owner to feel much more confident and secure, because at any time he can call his family, friends, acquaintances and ask for help or something else. Of course, with the advent of telephone communications, all communications have become significantly simplified - transmitting important information began to take much less time and effort.

Every year there are more and more mobile phone models, and their functions are constantly becoming more complex. A modern mobile device is a small computer that, in addition to establishing a high-quality connection, can connect to the Internet, take digital photographs and even video clips; The phone screen became color, and calls became polyphonic.

Initially, mobile phones served only to transmit voice, but then other services were introduced - now you can use your phone to take a photo or even a video and send it to your friends.

Communication technology provides high-speed data exchange with the Internet and allows you to use the phone as a modem for a PDA, laptop or desktop computer.

If there were no games on mobile phones, how many people would not have mobile phones! They are even developing special phones designed for gaming.

The number of people with mobile phones is increasing every year. Nowadays, the majority of the population simply cannot live without a small handset in their pocket or purse. For remote parts of some countries, this is the only possible way to communicate with the world. A mobile phone is a reliable assistant in our daily affairs, provides unlimited opportunities for communication, and helps to quickly obtain the necessary information. Over time, mobile phones have become not only a means of communication, but also a luxury item and a fashion accessory.

PROJECT “The influence of a cell phone on the human body” - presentation

PROJECT “The influence of a cell phone on the human body”

Plan. Relevance of the topic. Relevance of the topic. The first cell phone, a little history. The first cell phone, a little history. Features of cellular communication. Features of cellular communication. Advantages of mobile communications. Advantages of mobile communications. So is a mobile phone dangerous? So is a mobile phone dangerous? Criteria for the harmfulness of a cell phone. Criteria for the harmfulness of a cell phone. Rules for using a mobile phone. Rules for using a mobile phone. Telephone etiquette. Telephone etiquette. Conclusion. Conclusion.

The goal of our project is to find out how a cell phone affects human health and how dangerous it is. Develop recommendations for using a mobile phone.

Relevance of the topic: It is impossible to stop progress. Mobile communications are very convenient, and in some cases extremely necessary, but using them unwisely can be unsafe. Our project should make us think about the problem of the negative impact of the mobile phone, find a way to solve it as quickly as possible and wisely use this convenient means of communication.

The first cell phone, a little history. The history of the cell phone began in 1947. The history of the cell phone began in 1947. On April 3, 1973, the base station was installed. On April 3, 1973, the base station was installed. The world's first mobile phone was tested on April 3, 1973. The world's first mobile phone was tested on April 3, 1973.

Features of cellular communication. The main elements of the cellular communication system (CCS) are base stations (BS) and mobile radiotelephones (MRI, cell phones), which are sources of electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-high (UHF) range. The main elements of the cellular communication system (CCS) are base stations (BS) and mobile radiotelephones (MRI, cell phones), which are sources of electromagnetic radiation in the ultra-high (UHF) range.

The basic principle of operation of the SSS is that the signal from the handset of the user’s device is picked up by the local BS, in whose coverage area (cell) this device is located, and is sent sequentially to other BSs, gradually approaching the cell of the subscriber to whom the signal is addressed. The basic principle of operation of the SSN is division into zones, or cells, usually with a radius of 0 km. The signal from the handset of the user's device is picked up by the local BS, in whose coverage area (cell) this device is located, and is sent sequentially to other BSs, gradually approaching the cell of the subscriber to which the signal is addressed.

CELLULAR

The most widely used network is the GSM standard, which is widely used by large operators (MTS, Beeline, Megafon, etc.). One of the safest is the Sonet cellular network (CDMA system)

BS antennas (transmitting, transceiving and receiving) are installed at a height of 15–100 m above the ground on existing buildings (buildings, chimneys, etc.) or on special masts.

Technical characteristics of the CCC standards currently in force in Russia

Advantages of mobile communications. Advantages of mobile communications. Clear speech sound, absence of extraneous noise and metallic voice effect; Clear speech sound, absence of extraneous noise and metallic voice effect; Data transfer rates can reach 153 Kbps. Data transfer rates can reach 153 Kbps.

Cellular communications in Russia Cellular communications in Russia In Russia, cellular communications began to be introduced in 1990, commercial use began in In Russia, cellular communications began to be implemented in 1990, commercial use began on September 9, 1991 September 9, 1991 Market share of the largest cellular operators as of July 1, 2007 was: 32.9% for MTS, 30.9% for VimpelCom and 20.1% for MegaFon. The market share of the largest cellular operators as of July 1, 2007 was: 32.9% for MTS, 30.9% from VimpelCom and 20.1% from MegaFonMTSVimpelComMegaFonMTSVimpelComMegaFon

As of 2007, the main cellular communication protocols used in Russia are GSM-900 and GSM. In addition, CDMA networks operate in the CDMA-2000 standard, also known as IMT-MC-450. GSM operators are also making a smooth transition to the UMTS standard. GSM-900GSM-1800 CDMACDMA- 2000IMT-MC-450 UMTSGSM-900GSM-1800 CDMACDMA- 2000IMT-MC-450 UMTS

According to data from the British research company Informa Telecoms & Media for 2006, the average cost of a minute of cellular communication for a consumer in Russia was $0.05, which is the lowest figure among the G8 countries. According to data from the British research company Informa Telecoms & Media for 2006, the average the cost of a minute of cellular communication for a consumer in Russia was $0.05, this is the lowest figure among the G8 countriesG8Big Eight IDC, based on a study of the Russian cellular market, concluded that in 2005 the total duration of calls on a cell phone of residents of the Russian Federation reached 155 billion minutes, and 15 billion text messages were sent. The IDC company, based on a study of the Russian cellular communications market, concluded that in 2005 the total duration of calls on a cell phone by residents of the Russian Federation reached 155 billion minutes, and 15 billion text messages were sent. cell phoneRF cell phoneRF

According to a study by son & Partners, the number of SIM cards registered in Russia as of the end of November 2008 reached 183.8 millionJ'son & PartnersJ'son & Partners

Negative properties of a mobile phone

The researchers came to the conclusion that a person using a cell phone enjoys not the content of the conversation, but the very fact of communicating on the device. Meanwhile, ever since the advent of mobile communications, there have been debates about the dangers of phones for health. There is no indisputable data proving that this is indeed the case. But a number of facts speak for themselves.

It has been proven that if a person talks on a cell phone daily for more than 45-60 minutes, then there is no escape from a headache.

Based on the results of studies by scientists from Norway and Denmark, it was concluded that cellular users are the most susceptible to drowsiness, irritability, and these people most often complain of headaches.

The phone's screen radiation is very low. The whole point is not at all in the radiation, but precisely in these very small screen sizes. Our eye is designed in such a way that it is extremely difficult for it to focus its gaze on a minimally sized object. The eye muscle has to make superhuman efforts to transmit a clear picture to our brain, especially when it comes to mobile chat or mobile games, when the tension reaches its limit when spending the longest possible time with a phone in your hands.

Recent studies on this matter have shown that two hours of communication (consecutively) a day with your mobile friend is enough for your vision to drop by 12-14% in a year.

During a prolonged conversation, there is an increase in the temperature of the ear, eardrum, adjacent tissues and the adjacent area of ​​the brain. Surely many of you may have noticed a feeling of warmth in your ear after a long conversation. This is nothing more than the result of the influence of the electromagnetic field created by the telephone transmitter. Another problem: we quickly bring the phone to our ear, and at this moment the handset emits a sharp signal (someone has a connection, someone has a notification about a received SMS, etc.), then the consequences can be very unpleasant for the eardrum.

The same call, when used for more than three to five months, especially with active use of a mobile phone, can lead to sound hallucinations, similar to zombies.

A person who regularly uses headphones for several years accelerates the aging process of hearing by two to three times. The effect of false signals appears. Noise that is not actually there, surrounding sounds are confused. And all because the sound quality in headphones is completely different than in a real environment.

It turns out that our mobile phones are a real source of infection . Samples for bacteria were taken from mobile phones and other objects that people use constantly. The results were simply shocking: more bacteria were found on the body of the mobile phone than on door handles, keyboards, and shoe soles. The study confirmed the presence of a variety of skin bacteria on all these items, including Staphylococcus aureus. However, this is partly understandable, because these phones are not called mobile phones for nothing - we carry them with us everywhere, carry them in our pockets, in bags, hold them in our hands - and everywhere they are ready to collect various bacteria.

There have been recorded cases of changes in the body, possibly caused by the influence of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones.

Researchers do not yet have data on how much time a day you can use a cell phone, and in what mode it is best to do this.

Meanwhile, a child’s brain is designed in such a way that it is more susceptible to telephone radiation than that of an adult. Children usually bring the phone closer to their ear than adults, and many literally press it to the shell of their ear - after all, it is soft and allows them to do this. As a result, the child’s brain absorbs several times more energy emitted by the phone.

According to many experts, children who constantly use mobile phones may experience negative changes in the structure of brain cells. This results in decreased attention, weakened memory, sleep disturbances and nervousness, deterioration of mental abilities, and a tendency to epileptic reactions and stress.

Experts advise children and teenagers to limit their time using phones because their brains and nervous systems are still developing. For a definite answer, additional multi-year studies are necessary. But many children use cell phones now; no one knows what health consequences they may have in a few years or decades.

Phone survey

I conducted research in the form of a questionnaire.

The purpose of the study is to analyze information about attitudes towards the telephone and its use.

The study was conducted among students in grades 2-4.

The questionnaire contained the following questions:

1. Do you have a cell phone?

• Yes
• No

2. Do you find it convenient to have it?

• Yes
• No

3. What do you use your phone for most?

• for conversations with friends and family
• for games
• for listening to music
• for all of the above

4. Could you do without a phone for a month?

• Yes
• No

5. How often do you talk on the phone?

• less than an hour a day
• from 1 hour to 3 hours a day
• more than 3 hours a day

6. Where do you carry your cell phone?

• in the bag
• on the neck
• in the pocket

7. Do you know about the harm caused by using a cell phone?

• Yes I know
• I partially know
• Don't know

68 schoolchildren in grades 2–4 were surveyed.

Survey results

1. Do you have a cell phone?

87% of students have cell phones

Conclusion: basically the phone appeared due to the fact that children went to school and parents were worried about where the child was. 13% say that the phone has turned into a toy and often becomes a subject of boasting.

2. Do you find it convenient to have it?

99% find it convenient to have a telephone

Conclusion: most students find it convenient to have a phone, explaining that they contact their parents about their whereabouts.

3. What do you use your phone for most?

63% of respondents use their phone for games, conversations, and listening to music.

Conclusion: from the graphs it is clear that children use the phone in different ways; I think that playing and listening to music can be done without using the phone. But the main purpose of the phone is still for communication.

4.Could you do without a phone for a month?

86% could not live without a phone for a month

5.How often do you talk on the phone?

61% communicate on the phone from one to three hours.

Conclusion: unfortunately, most people do not know that by pressing the “tube” to the ear they receive a large dose of radiation.

6. Where do you carry your phone?

68% of respondents carry it in their pocket.

Conclusion : As you can see, not everyone cares about health in this case. It is correct to carry your phone in a bag or briefcase.

7. Do you know about the harm caused by using a cell phone?

86% of guys do not think about the dangers of their phones.

Conclusion: most have not heard about the harmful effects of the phone on the body

Conclusion

I studied the role of a mobile phone in a person's life. Indeed, a mobile phone can not only be a useful necessary thing, but also have a harmful effect on the human body. The conclusions made by scientists from various countries are clear: radiation from mobile phones and antennas causes irreparable harm to the human body and not everyone thinks about it. I believe that the goal of the work has been achieved and the hypothesis has been confirmed.

Research in this area continues... What will scientists say in a month? What other danger does a small mobile phone pose?

Having analyzed the questionnaires, we can conclude that the majority of schoolchildren cannot imagine their life without phones, and at the same time they are practically not informed about the consequences of cell phone abuse.

To improve the current situation, it is necessary to conduct regular educational work among students and their parents in order to bring to their attention the negative consequences of using cell phones.

Recommendations:

1. Use cell phones only when absolutely necessary.
2. Reduce the duration of calls to 3 minutes.
3. Take breaks of at least 15 minutes between conversations.
4. Communicate with loved ones and friends not by phone, but directly.
5. Carry your phone in the safest place - in your bag (away from your body!).

And if at least one of my classmates or acquaintances thinks about the dangers of a mobile phone, then the work has not been done in vain!

Research work. Mobile phone: benefit or harm

Social project mobile phone: benefit or harm?

This project can be used for classroom teaching, as well as for working with parents.
CONTENTS: Chapter I. Introduction. Chapter II. Project passport. 1. Project name. 2. Form of project implementation. 3. Project organizer. 4. Project location. 5. Time of the project. 6. Project participants. 7. Project goals. 8. Project objectives. 9. Brief description of the project. 10. Relevance of the project. 11. Project stages. Chapter III. Project implementation. 1. Studying information on the Internet and literature about the problem of “telephone addiction” and the impact of mobile phones on children’s health. 1) Definition and principle of operation of cellular communications. 2) The influence of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones on human health. 3) The role of mobile phones in human life. Advantages and disadvantages. 4) Mobile addiction. 2. Research work. Questioning of students and parents of our school (4th grade) “Cell phone in my life.” 3. Research results. 4. Educational work. 5. Recommendations for using a mobile phone. 6. Conclusion. 7. Literature. Application. 1. Questionnaire. 2. Booklet. 3. Memo for parents and children. Chapter I. Introduction. The article “The World in Half a Century” is from back in 1974, written by Academician Sakharov about mobile communications, Skype and the Internet, and also what leads us to degradation. “In the future, perhaps later, in 50 years, I envision the creation of a world information system (WIS), which will make available to everyone at any moment the content of any book ever published anywhere, the content of any article, obtaining any certificate. VIS should include individual miniature request receivers-transmitters, control centers that control information flows, communication channels including thousands of artificial communication satellites, cable and laser lines. Even partial implementation of the VIS will have a profound impact on every person, his leisure time, his intellectual and artistic development. Unlike television, which is the main source of information for many of our contemporaries, VIS will provide everyone with maximum freedom in choosing information and require individual activity.” Sakharov’s predictions came true much earlier, and now we cannot imagine life without the Internet and mobile phones. Since cell phones have become an integral part of our lives, debates about their impact on human health have not subsided. We are so accustomed to them as a convenient and fast way of communication and as another kind of pleasant pastime that we can no longer imagine our life without this necessary thing. From Internet sources and some publications, we have learned that the World Health Organization confirms that mobile phones are a potential health risk. We decided to study in more detail the information on this issue, whether phones are harmful or beneficial, why mobile addiction occurs, and what rules should be followed when using a mobile phone so as not to cause harm to your health. Chapter II. Project passport. 1. Project name: social project “Mobile phone: benefit or harm?” 2. Form of project implementation: research activity. 3. Place of implementation: Moscow region, Podolsk district, Municipal Educational Institution Tolbinskaya Secondary School 4. Project duration: March-April 2015 5. Project participants: students of Municipal Educational Institution Tolbinskaya Secondary School, teachers, parents 6. Purpose: to study the influence of a cell phone on human health, the reasons mobile addiction, the formation of rules for using the telephone that contribute to the preservation of physical and mental health 7. Objectives: • describe the operation of a cell phone • the pros and cons of a mobile phone • study information on the Internet and literature on this topic • conduct a survey of students and parents in order to identify priorities • make any contribution to the development of recommendations for the safe use of mobile phones 8. Brief description of the project: the project is short-term, the implementation of the project involves the activities of students, teachers and parents. This project is aimed at developing rules for the safe use of mobile phones without compromising human health. 9. Relevance of the project: the growing use of mobile phones in everyday life gives rise to new problems. Research and observations show that adults and children spend a lot of time talking on the phone, surfing the mobile Internet, and texting. Psychologists note that recently the number of people psychologically dependent on the phone has increased significantly. Telephone addiction can take over a person so strongly that it is sometimes beyond the person’s ability to cope with it without the help of a specialist. The increasing role of the telephone in our lives is also proven by sociological studies. Thus, a survey of Russian citizens (18 years and older) showed that a mobile phone is the most desired type of communication, while 57% of users reported that they could not give it up under any circumstances, and only 5% of respondents agreed to part with it forever. Moreover, women who are sociable by nature are slightly more dependent on cell phones than men. Thus, the cell phone, as part of our environment, influences the formation of our physical and mental health. 10. Project stages. STAGES DATES RESPONSIBLE 1. Drawing up a work plan for the project and distributing responsibilities within the project team. 12.03-14.03 All project implementers 2. Study of information on the Internet and literature on this topic. 03.17-29.03 All project implementers. 3. Questioning of 4th grade students “Mobile phone in my life.” 30.03- 02.04 Minsafin Danil Burlakova Valeria Gotin Artyom 4. Questioning of parents of 4th grade “Our children and mobile phones”.. 06.04-10.04 Kapralova Anna Spiridonova Elizaveta 5. Formatting the results of the survey in the form of diagrams. 11.04-13.04 Vasilyeva L.I. Bolshakova G.E. 6. Group discussion of the results of the survey and information from the Internet on this topic. 13.04-17.04 All project performers. 7. Release of the wall newspaper “Mobile phone: pros and cons.” 20.04 Bolshakova Kristina Burlakova Valeria Spiridonova Elizaveta 8. Educational work. Conducting an open class hour “Mobile addiction”. 21.04 All performers of the project 9. Educational work. Making a booklet “Rules for the safe use of a mobile phone” 22.04 Vasilyeva L.I. Bolshakova G.E. Dovgulevich N.V. 10. Educational work. Radio newspaper “Pros and cons of mobile phones” 23.04 Minsafin Danil Burlakova Valeria 11. Educational work. Messages at parent meetings in 4th grade “Pros and cons of mobile phones. Mobile addiction." April 2020 Class teachers of 4th grade. 12. Reflection on the project results. 24.04 All project performers. 13.Project protection. 27.04 All project performers. Chapter III. Project implementation. 1.We began our work on the project by getting acquainted with the results of modern research by psychologists and doctors on the consequences of the influence of mobile phones on the psyche and health of children. We were primarily interested in the question: how do mobile phones affect health? The areas of danger are primarily the brain and central nervous system. After all, being in close proximity to the device, our brain literally acts as part of the antenna, absorbing a significant portion of the electromagnetic energy emitted by the phone to communicate with the base station. Moreover, experts say that the worse the signal or the quality of the antenna, the more “effort” the device puts into communication, the stronger the radiation. Previously, only professionals experienced such an influence when working with special equipment and radio equipment, while being under constant medical supervision. Now such an impact is being exerted on ordinary people. No one can yet predict what the health consequences of cell phone radiation will be. Nobody knows how this will affect children. Meanwhile, it is children who are the most psychologically dependent and susceptible to mobile radiation. They usually bring phones closer to their ears (their auricle, which is softer, allows this to be done), and as a result, the child’s brain absorbs several times more electromagnetic energy. Experts warn that mobile phones can cause weakened memory, decreased attention, sleep disturbances, a tendency to nervousness, epileptic reactions and depressive states, and the development of so-called psychosomatic diseases (including asthma, eczema). Daily long-term “communication” with a cell phone can lead to disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, such as pain in the heart, hypotension, and pulse instability. Research by scientists has proven that cell phones contribute to increased production of adrenaline, the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia, and malfunctions of the immune system. Electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones is also dangerous when driving a car. In the absence of an external telephone antenna, the driver may experience the so-called “tunnel vision” effect, that is, a sharp limitation of his horizons and the inability to predict emergency situations. Research has also confirmed that in some cases, the retina of a driver talking on the phone does not even respond to road signs and a change in the color of the traffic light. Four-year studies by EU scientists have shown that a certain level of electromagnetic radiation destroys the structure of DNA, which primarily affects the human reproductive system and can lead to the birth of children with congenital defects or deformities. This is what the results of studies conducted in Russia say about the influence of electromagnetic waves on people: “If it were possible to make electromagnetic radiation visible and show how it penetrates every cell of the body and changes the functional state of all organs and systems, then workers of modern institutions and office workers would be horrified and refuse to go to work. The human body has a natural electromagnetic field. External influences with similar vibrations cause interference or an undesirably high resonant enhancement of the biological activity of the body. This leads to a functional disorder of organs, and with prolonged exposure – to pathology. Mobile communications have a destructive effect on the brain. Electromagnetic waves emitted by a mobile phone brought to the ear cause a resonance in the neurons of the central nervous system, which greatly increases stress. The owner of the phone, using it, is constantly under extreme stress. His brain cells die several times faster than those of those who do not use a mobile phone. This results in memory impairment and decreased cognitive ability, frequent headaches, dizziness, and problems with concentration.” In 2011, the World Health Organization officially recognized that mobile phones can cause cancer. Children absorb significantly more cell phone radiation than adults, according to research. This is because children's heads are smaller than adults' and their skull bones are thinner, so their bone marrow can absorb 10 times more radiation than an adult's. In Italy, doctors found that while talking on a mobile phone, blood pressure increases by an average of 5-10 millimeters. In turn, a group of scientists from different countries (including Russia) discovered that radiation from mobile devices can increase the temperature of the brain and create a microwave oven effect, which leads to tissue death and necrosis, and as a result, to a deterioration in brain activity. Swedish professor Lennart Hardell believes that children under 12 should not use mobile phones except in emergency situations, and young people under 20 should limit their use. After this age, the danger decreases because the brain is already fully formed. By the way, in some countries the use of mobile phones by children under 12 years of age is prohibited by law. The UK has banned the use of cell phones in schools; When they are sold, the box contains informational brochures about the possible consequences of communicating by phone, which were issued by the UK Department of Health. In France, the government has urged parents to monitor how much time their children talk on cell phones. In Germany, the Association of Environmental Medicine recommended that the government introduce a state ban on the use of mobile phones by children and restrictions on teenagers. According to Russian sanitary standards, not a single mobile phone is suitable for human use if you press the receiver to your ear, as 98% of people do. Expert of the Ecology Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences A.Yu. Somov scientifically proved that of the 32 phones he tested, not a single one met the stated safety criteria. In Russia, the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03, clause 6.9) recommend limiting the use of mobile phones by persons under 18 years of age. Having analyzed the information on the Internet and studied the literature on this topic, we came to the conclusion that the question of the harm of mobile phones is still open and has scientific confirmation, because a person applies a radiation source to his head. What is the principle of operation of cellular communications and how does a cell phone work? Cellular communication is one of the components of modern mobile radio communications. There is such a thing as coverage area. It directly depends on how large the coverage area of ​​each individual base station is. The coverage area depends on many factors - the presence of various obstacles, sudden changes in terrain that can impede the free propagation of radio waves. In areas with a large number of high-rise buildings, a large number of base stations are installed. In this case, their coverage areas overlap, which ensures uninterrupted communication. If the terrain is flat, then the station’s coverage area can be compared to a honeycomb (i.e., a circle). This is where the name “cellular” came from. All base stations are combined with the general city network, as well as with other mobile operators. This design allows you to make calls not only to landline numbers. It becomes possible to call numbers of other mobile operators. When a cell phone is turned on, it constantly listens to the airwaves to search for a base station. The phone then sends its personal identification code to the station. The station and telephone are constantly in contact, thanks to the exchange of packets. The 21st century is considered the century of mobile technology. Has anyone ever thought about the importance of a cell phone in a person's life? The attitude towards a mobile phone is very different between adults and children. If for an adult it is a means of communication, then for children it is a kind of toy. This is a standard set of games (Tetris, snake, bowling, racing, etc.), photo and video camera, music, Internet access, etc. The entire world economy is controlled using the Internet and mobile communications. Having studied various sources, we have identified the pros and cons of cell phones: Pros of cell phones Cons of cell phones 1. The ability to contact any subscriber where there is network coverage. 2. Cellular communications allow a huge number of subscribers to exchange information. 3. Possibility of accessing the Internet using your phone. 4. Availability of a timer, alarm clock, organizer, voice recorder. 5. A mobile phone is an excellent means of entertainment. 1. A mobile phone is a source of toxins (chromium, cadmium, lead0, which can be dangerous if an outdated phone is not properly disposed of. 2. Electromagnetic radiation from a cell phone can cause human health problems. 3. A mobile phone is a source of additional stress. 4. A mobile phone - the reason for the development of telephone mania (an obsessive desire to communicate on the phone). Today it is very difficult to imagine a person without a mobile phone. Since this modern miracle is a small object that allows us to communicate at any time with our family, friends, friends. But sometimes, even Without noticing it at all, we get a manic urge to constantly surf our cell phone completely unnecessarily.And also, taking into account the modern capabilities of smartphones, iPods: games, entertainment, multimedia, the Internet with access to social networks and much more, what can I say. Mobile gaming is a major problem, with one student saying that at first he only played at home and on the way to school. But then I discovered that I couldn’t stop and did it even in class. Mobile manufacturers have spent many years of their work to turn an ordinary means of communication into a “pocket monster of our mind.” Of course, no one even had the opportunity to imagine the fact that this safe hobby could take the form of a disease, or rather, “telephonomania.” “Dependence on the mobile phone is more serious than on the Internet or ordinary computer games, because you can take the phone with you everywhere, there are no restrictions in time or space,” said Dr. Chung-chan-Ho, head of the psychiatric hospital specializing in teenage disorders. Telephones are now quite common. Just look around you and see how every third (or maybe the second) holds the phone in your hand. How to identify this ailment in himself or in loved ones, and how to understand when a person began to exist in the mobile world, stepping over the line of reality when he became a victim of manic hobby for a mobile phone? Let's look at the main symptoms that manifest in people with dependence on a mobile phone. 1. Telephonomaniac is in constant nervous expectation of a call, SMS or MMS. Because of this, he carries the phone constantly with him: either in his hands, or often takes it out of his pocket, bags, checking the missed calls. 2. All free time the telephone commander “sits” on the phone: sending messages, Internet access, games, etc. 3. Set up on your phone all the freshest. Such people spend hours in search of new screensavers, pictures, ringtones, etc. For your favorite phone. 4. In the telephone stores, the phone is always in a prominent place, most often in their hands. As a rule, such people like to demonstrate videos, photos, games and melodies that have recently been downloaded. 5. Unwillingness to give the phone to the wrong hands even just look. 6. If the telephone commander forgets the phone or loses, he does not find a place for himself, he begins to be nervous. He considers this the most terrible incident, as he considers himself divorced from the world. 7. These people very often chase on new improved models of phones, smartphones, iPhones. Since the main thing for them is the steepness of the device. They constantly monitor the novelties of the cellular world and do not miss the opportunity to buy a new model that has appeared. 8. Telephones periodically replenish their mobile account for fairly large amounts that quickly disappear. Since there is the Internet, and there are new games, drawings, programs, ringtones. 9. The second telephone commander contains several SIM cards of different operators. British scientists have identified three degrees of dependence on a mobile phone: “non -knighted” - people who live calmly and without and without a telephone, for them a mobile phone is a means of communication and nothing more. “Prosthetics” - they are concerned in the absence of a phone, but, in principle, can do without it. "Cyborgs" - do not think of themselves without a tube in their hand. We discussed the main signs of a painful enthusiasm for a mobile phone. 2. Reserve work. To identify the influence of mobile phones on the life of students in our school, to determine how often during the day, students use a cell phone, whether students have mobile dependence, we conducted a sociological survey among students of 4 grades and their parents. Everyone was asked to answer the questionnaire questions. The survey was attended by 31 students. Most often you use a cell phone as a means of communication or for games? The survey showed that 84% of students use a mobile phone as a means of communication, can you imagine your life without a phone? 71% of students can do without a phone, communicating with each other directly. 29% of students do not think of their life without a phone. How long do you spend on conversations during the day? 39% of students spend on conversations up to 3 minutes a day (which caused us doubt), 29%-up to 10 minutes, 22%-up to 20 minutes and 10%-30 minutes or more. How do you react to the ban on using the phone for children? 42% of students will respond to the ban on using the phone normally, 29%- doubt the correctness of this ban and 29% categorically disagree with the ban. What children pay attention to when buying a phone. Only 13% of students pay attention to when buying a phone for its safety. Students answered other questionnaires as follows: Questions answers. % 1. Do you know that the cell phone is harmful? • Yes, 23 74% • Yes, if we speak for a long time 7 22% • No 1 3% • No, if we say 1-3 minutes 2. What do you think at what age can you buy a cell phone? • Up to 10 years 28 90% • after 12 years 3 10% 3. Hmm, usually wear your cell phone? • in the pocket of the trousers (skirts) 9 29% • in the pocket of the jacket 1 3% • on the chest (on the belt) 1 3% • in the bag 19 61% • in the hands of 1 3% 4. Does the cell phone include the cell phone for study • prevents me from thinking 3 10% • Distracts 9 29% from lessons • does not interfere with 19 61% 5. Do you know malaise from using the phone? • Eyes 13 42% get tired • Headache 2 6% • Pain in the fingers of the hands of 1 3% • experience excitement 1 3% • pulls to a phone 2 6% • no 12 39% 61% of respondents believe that a cell phone is an apparatus, affecting health (eyes get tired, headache, etc.), while 39% of students wear a cell phone with them and 61% in the bag. Answering the question "What do you think at what age can you buy a phone for children?" 90% of respondents indicated the age of up to 10 years. Thus, having analyzed the obtained statistics, it can be assumed that due to low awareness, people do not realize the degree of negative effects of cell phones on their health or do not want to accept this. Only 55% of students indicated that they were controlled by parents. An analysis of answers to questions shows that some students (3%) already form a mobile dependence. This is indicated by their desire to speak on the phone, not to part with him for a minute, to “sit” on the phone, forgetting about everything. One student suffers from telephone, according to his answers he eats, drinks with the phone, comes home and immediately sits on the phone, is in a bad mood, if there is no phone nearby, can not do anything if the phone does not work, conflicts, threatens, blackmails in response On the ban on "sit" on the phone. As a result of all this, the boy had problems in studying. All this cannot affect physical and mental health. The help of a psychologist is recommended to such children. What do parents think about it? We conducted a social survey among 28 parents of students in .4-class parents to the question: "Do children need a phone?" They answered: the harmful effects of the phone: what parents pay attention to when buying a phone: as a result of analyzing parents' answers to questions, it is concerned that when choosing phones to children, only 29% (!) Parents pay attention to the safety of the phone, first of all they look at on the function of the phone, its price. As a result of information processing, it is possible to distinguish ways to solve the problem of mobile dependence: • limit the time of using the phone • Bring children who have identified mobile dependence, reading, sports, captivate something interesting, etc. • spend more time in company with friends. Based on the research, a plan of measures was developed to solve problems related to the use of mobile phones by students. 1. Conducting a classroom hour "On mobile dependence" with the participation of a school psychologist. 2. Layout of the wall newspapers "Mobile phone6 ​​Plus and minuses". 3. Preparation of a booklet with recommendations on the safe use of mobile phones. 4. Remove the presentation of research work before the parental public (at the general parent meeting). 5. Develop and spread the memos "How to use a cell phone safely." The advice of Igor Nikolayevich Stupakov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A.N. Bakuleva, Director of the Institute of Health of the All -Russian Public Organization of the League of the Health of the Nation, mobile phones: “In the first place when choosing a phone, pay attention to the power of its radiation. Today we have the telephones of the CDMA standard - the radiation from them is much lower than from the GSM standard phones. Each conversation should last no more than three minutes, a break between calls - at least 15 minutes. Better yet, use the Hands Free headset, Bluetooth or SMS wireless technology. It is undesirable to wear a phone in a pocket and on a belt. Put it in a handbag or on your desktop. Try to use mobile communications in a car, metro, tunnels less. Radio communications deteriorate there, the mobile device increases its power, which leads to greater irradiation. In general, I would recommend not to use cellular without the need. At home and in the office, talk on ordinary wired devices. ” On the eve of the festival of the 73rd anniversary of the Great Victory at a meeting with the veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Pozdnyak E.G. We could not resist and asked him about his attitude to the mobile phone. He said that he refers to mobile phones negatively and uses only wired stationary phones. “It is very inconvenient, since I have to get glasses, sometimes I don’t hear calls. But from the parade he called his so as not to worry. And young people are harmful, everyone "sits" and walk, buried in phones, began to read less. " Expected results. We hope that after our educational work, students will begin to limit the time of conversation by phone, reduce the time of use of the phone, especially at school, so as not to be distracted from study, think about their health and will remember that the phone is not a safe “toy”, but The device emitting electromagnetic waves harmful to humans. And, of course, we hope that the phone will never replace lively friends of friends. Our class decided not to use cell phones in the walls of the school. We feel calm, communicate at breaks with each other, play chess, funny games. Literature. 1.Vash mobile phone // Popular Tutorial, Moscow, 2005.

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