Class hour with a presentation on the topic: Buchenwald - death camp, grades 10-11
Class hour for high school students on the topic: “Buchenwald - death camp”
Author : Kargapolova Tatyana Mikhailovna Explanatory note: many years have passed since the end of the 2nd World War, but people will never forget the events of those terrible years: heavy battles, hunger and cold, Leningrad blockade, concentration camps, where prisoners were kept in terrible conditions. I would like to talk about the death camp in Buchenwald. This material is intended for students in grades 10–11. In the classroom script there are presenters and readers. This material will be useful for a lesson on peace. Goal: to form students’ ideas about Buchenwald; Objectives: to cultivate in students a sense of compassion for the prisoners of Buchenwald; induce a feeling of hatred towards war; make students want to study materials about Buchenwald. Reader (1): The Second World War ended, We will never forget that day, The Earth was freed from fascism, Grief and misfortune receded away, We will remember those who did not return from the battle, And those who survived against all odds, Let this never happen again , Our world will not plunge into fear and darkness! (author unknown) Reader: (2) The echo of the past war rings with echoing pain, And does not tell us to forget about the price of silence. Remember those who died in battle, Who protected the world from evil, Our victory saved your life and freedom. Peaceful skies to the fields of every saved country. The native land remembers the echo of the bygone war. (author unknown) Presenter: (1) Yes, the echo of the past war rings with echoing pain in the heart of every person. There is not a single family in our country where there are no people killed in this terrible war. People died in battles, on battlefields, under various circumstances, encountering the enemy, and, of course, in concentration camps. There were many fascist camps: Dachau, Auschwitz, Salaspils, Majdanek, Buchenwald. Host: (2) But today we want to talk about the death camp in Buchenwald. People came here for various reasons: some were captured, others were taken away by force. I recall the words of the famous Far Eastern writer N.D. Navolochkin, who said that it is not scary to die in war, “it’s scary to be captured,” since the prisoner is tortured for a long time, beaten, starved and forced out a confession using various methods. Presenter: (1 ) So, Buchenwald. Buchenwald is a concentration camp where mass murders of people took place. It existed for eight years until April 1945. It was located near Weimar. It was here, in this camp, that the physical extermination of Jews took place, 55 thousand people died. While in the camp, the prisoners wrote poems that contained despair and pain.
Reader: (1 ) A mountain covered with blood and ashes, Where the stone treasure is hidden, There is a concentration camp of death, Damned Buchenwald. Reader: (2) On the Etterenberg Mountain in the Buchenwald Garden, human souls and torments are burning, Faithful ashes are being sown in the fields, For the new fascist science. (Vasily Petrovich Kazmiruk, political prisoner of Buchenwald) Presenter: (2) This camp was scary because it was here that experiments were carried out on people. The prisoners of this camp were specially infected with viruses of various diseases: tuberculosis, typhus, fever, etc. This claimed the lives of many prisoners. The prisoners were starved, kept in cold barracks, and were not given blankets for shelter. All the prisoners looked emaciated, exhausted and very thin; a skeleton was visible on their bodies. This is a terrible sight. Presenter: (1 ) Every day new prisoners arrived at the concentration camp. There were a lot of them. Therefore, the Nazis came up with a new atrocity - burning people in ovens. They burned those who could no longer work and were physically weak. On the gate of the camp there was an inscription: “To each his own.”
The meaning of this inscription
The furnaces worked without interruption. The ashes were poured into an earthen crater south of the SS villas.
Host: (2) The SS men were not interested in simply killing prisoners. In February 1938, they came up with a torture chamber called the "Bunker". This bunker was in charge of Martin Sommer, a very cruel and cynical person. In the bunker, he practiced various methods of “heart-to-heart talk.” Martin Sommer Presenter: (1) Cell No. 1 was created in Buchenwald . Here, after repeated torture, people spent the last hours of their lives before being killed in the crematorium.
Reader (1): CAMP Here suffering is the sea, Life is bitter like wormwood... The current is in the barbed fence, And on the towers there are trunks. Here the barracks stand frozen like a gloomy gray wall, and the beastly dogs howl at night. And in the barracks on bunks - Three floors bare - Are you young, old? The demi-humans are lying down. There is only a little in their face - Only the eyes of everything, And from the body there is almost nothing left... (Sergei Skory) Presenter (2): The commandant of the camp was Karl Koch. Karl Koch was a very cruel man, he abused prisoners. He invented a special scourge, at the end of this scourge there were razors. He also invented the finger vice and hot iron branding. On his orders, gold crowns were torn out from the dead, jewelry and wedding rings were taken from prisoners if they hid them in their clothes. On his orders, a pastor who wanted to tell everything was killed. He was found to have a lot of money and gold, which was supposed to go to the Reichstag Bank. He had many crimes on his record. In 1945, he was shot by Allied forces in the courtyard of the very camp where he disposed of human lives. Karl Koch - camp commandant (1897 - 1945) Presenter (1): But his wife, Ilse Koch, was more cruel .
(1906 - 1967)
In 1936, she worked as a guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin, Karl Koch arrived there and became a commandant.
Thus began their career in this “field”. Ilsa had sadistic tendencies. She beat the prisoners with a whip, and could set her shepherd on them. From the skin of prisoners, Koch personally made various crafts - gloves, handbags, book bindings, lampshades, tablecloths... This is how this woman earned her “main” nickname - “Frau Lampshade” . Although she was no less often called the “Witch of Buchenwald” . Her husband supported her in everything. On June 30, 1945, she was arrested by the American military. In 1947, she was tried, but Ilsa flatly denied all the charges, insisting that she was just a “victim of the regime.” She also did not recognize the fact of using human skin for crafts. But hundreds of surviving former prisoners testified against the “Witch of Buchenwald.” However, the public did not want to put up with the “Frau Lampshaded” . In 1951, a West German court sentenced Ilse Koch to life imprisonment for the second time. She never expressed remorse for what she did. On September 1, 1967, Ilse hanged herself with sheets in her cell at the Bavarian women's prison at Aichach. In 1971, her son Uwe, who grew up in an orphanage, whom she gave birth to in custody from a German soldier, tried to restore his mother’s good name by going to court and the press. But nothing worked out for him. Although the name of Ilse Koch was never forgotten. In 1975, the film “Ilsa, She-Wolf of the SS” was made about her.
Reader (2): The Scharführers frolicked with their shepherd dogs, Falling into a trance in the crucifixions of people, And the doomed prayed in vain For the quickest chance of death in life. However, there was even something in this, And the masquerade was not so bad: Ilse Koch went on horseback to falconry with her retinue. Clutching the cuffed glove, the Fascist falcon saw her off, And on the gates of the monster “paradise” the letters were crooked: “To each his own.” Clear water flowed in the streams, And a narrow trout was squinting in it... Is the trout, the shepherd, the bird responsible for cowardly killing in a crevice! It seemed that the world had gone crazy, stood still, But he was looking for a thread for new connections: The gloves - to rot, the crucified - to go out into marble, The Scharführers - to be hanged. (Ekaterina Sheremetyeva) Reader (1): ELSA KOCH Blonde Elsa Is absolutely cute... And her eyes are blue, And her sensual mouth, And her curls suit her, And prancing like a horse, This Frau goes to men - Prisoners. She has a craving for art... Smiling skillfully, the humane Elsa repeats to everyone: “It’s time for you to undress to the waist, You worked conscientiously, And today it’s crazy, What a heat!” The striped robe is crushing the lid of the coffin... Is this the good fairy who has descended on them? What a concern, it has become easier to work! But Elsa looks tenaciously at men's bodies. How many people have lost their lives? Blue tattoos... On the chest of an Odessa resident, a corvette is rushing through the waves. She likes the drawing, It excites Frau so much - Odessa in the evening They will invite you to the infirmary. Blonde Elsa is absolutely cute... Her eyes are blue, The light doesn’t hurt her, Elsa is reading a book, She’s suffering over a novel... The lampshade decorates the Odessa corvette. (A. Skory) Presenter (2): There were also children in the concentration camp. Hungry, separated from their parents, they cried, but they were beaten. They all had frightened eyes and looked very thin and sickly from malnutrition. They were forced to work, the weak were simply killed. Reader (2): Children of war - and it blows cold, Children of war - and it smells of hunger, Children of war - and their hair stands on end: There are gray hairs on the children's bangs. The earth is washed with children's tears, Soviet and non-Soviet children, What difference does it make where you were under the Germans, In Dachau, Lidice or Auschwitz? Their blood turns red on the parade ground with poppies. The grass is drooping where the children cried. Children of war - the pain is desperate And how many minutes of silence do they need. (Golodyaevs L.M.) Presenter (1): On April 11, 1945, Buchenwald was liberated from fascist oppression by the Americans. They were shocked by what they saw. There were journalists, the press, Prisoners gave evidence. Doctors examined the former prisoners: some were so weak that they could not stand up. The camp was liberated, but former prisoners still died, for many of them there was no possibility of recovery. Reader (1): EPILOGUE Maybe someone will tell me Today, well, inadvertently, Everything, they say, is in the distant past And the Germans are our friends now... This is true, but the lesson was Unnecessarily cruel, Therefore, we should forget about this, believe me , you can’t... In all of Thuringia you won’t find better beech trees than here - Each trunk is half-circumference And the crown is flying upward... Johann Wolfgang Goethe found inspiration here, climbing along the path To the top of Mount Ettersberg... (A. Skory)
View the presentation:
"Buchenwald - death camp" . The song “Buchenwald Alarm” is performed by Muslim Magomayev. Reader (2): Don't dance today, don't sing. In the pre-evening pensive hour, stand silently at the windows, Remember those who died for us. There, in the crowd, among loved ones, lovers, Among cheerful and strong guys, Someone's shadows in green caps silently rush to the outskirts. They cannot linger, they cannot stay - This day takes them forever, On the tracks of the marshalling stations, trains sound the sound of separation for them. Calling them and calling them is in vain, They won’t say a word in response, But with a sad and clear smile, Look closely after them. (V. Shefner) Reader (1): We will remember Buchenwald, the Nazi death camp, Where prisoners were tortured, killed, In a terrible whirlwind. We kneel before them, For the fact that we now live happily, For the sun, the blue sky, We will endure everything now! (T. M. Kargapolova)
Buchenwald Memorial
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Presentation on the topic: Buchenwald - death camp
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Class hour with a presentation “Death Camp”, dedicated to the memory of prisoners of Auschwitz, 10-11
Class hour for high school students.
Notes “Death Camp”, dedicated to the memory of prisoners of Auschwitz Description: This class hour, dedicated to the liberation of prisoners of the Auschwitz death camp, is designed for students in grades 10-11. The work can be used by class teachers to conduct class hours and conversations dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Purpose: To introduce students to the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Objectives: - Expand students’ understanding of the Great Patriotic War; — To develop students’ interest in the history of the country; — To cultivate a sense of compassion for the memory of the victims of the Nazis. Equipment: — Computer; - Multimedia projector. The music is played by Johann Sebastian Bach, composition: Sarabande Student 1: (slide 1; 2) No matter how many years or centuries have passed, The people and the land will remember the Camps where people died a painful death, cursing the Nazis. Women, children, soldiers died, leaving only mountains of bones, pajamas, striped trousers, that were lying around the cells - stoves. Well, those who waited for victory Still do not believe that fears and troubles are gone forever, They still curse the war. I still dream at night of Hunger, cold, illness and death, The camp room remains forever, Time will not erase its trace... Nadezhda Gorlanova Class teacher: (slide 3, 4) Under the Polish city of Krakow there is a place that will not leave anyone indifferent . Here is the largest camp founded by the Germans - the Auschwitz death camp. The camp complex consisted of three camps: Auschwitz I (served as the main center of the entire complex), Auschwitz II (also known as Birkenau, "death camp"), Auschwitz III (a group of several small camps created around a common complex). Every day for those living in the camp was a struggle for survival.
It was impossible for prisoners to escape from there, since the entire territory was surrounded by energized barbed wire and watchtowers. An attempt to escape was punishable by death. This is one of the most terrible places on earth... Today, on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, let's take a short excursion to the camp and remember what events took place there...
Student 2: (slide 5) The attitude towards the prisoners was inhumane. Maintaining basic hygiene without soap and water was impossible. Only occasionally were they given a limited amount of time to wash themselves. Prisoners were allowed to go to the toilet twice a day for a few seconds. The prisoners were not fed for a long time; they ate bark and grass. It happened that the Nazis had fun and organized “races”, when rutabaga was thrown to the prisoners at different ends of the camp, people rushed to the vegetable, crushing each other. The prisoners slept on three-story bunks covered with straw. In such unsanitary conditions, people often fell ill with various infectious diseases.
Student 3: (slide 6) Concentration camps were considered conveyor belts of death. Here the work of the crematoria and gas chambers did not stop for a minute. Every day new prisoners arrived at the camps. They were examined by doctors and divided into those able to work and those unable to work. Weak and sick people, children, and the elderly were sent to gas chambers so that there would be no panic; they were told that they were taking them to a bathhouse. In the gas chambers they were poisoned with Cyclone gas; 15–20 minutes were enough to kill people. After that, all valuables and good things were removed from the bodies, teeth were pulled out, and women’s hair was cut off. The bodies were then sent to ovens.
Student 4 (slide 7) Forced labor was carried out in the camps. On the camp gate is written “Arbeitmachtfrei”, which means “work sets you free” in German. People worked day and night, in frost and sun, working with shovels and crowbars. Prisoners were involved in the construction of roads, new barracks, and warehouses. Many worked in metallurgical plants. Tens of thousands of prisoners were recruited to build a military chemical plant and a military fuses and fuses plant for bombs and shells near Auschwitz. For agricultural work, prisoners used to be harnessed to plows instead of horses. During the work, people were severely beaten. Crematoriums awaited those who could not cope with the work.
Student 5: (slide
There were a lot of children and pregnant women in Auschwitz. Many women in labor were taken away after the birth of a child and drowned in metal barrels, then the bodies were thrown out to be eaten by rats. Blonde-haired and blue-eyed children were taken away and sent to Germany. Children from 8 to 16 years old , those who were not sent to the gas chambers were forced by the Nazis to do physical labor along with adults. Experiments were carried out on children, as well as on adults, lethal doses of tranquilizers were tested on them. German doctors selected twins for medical experiments. Few of the children managed to survive in such brutal conditions.
Student 6 : (slide 9) Medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced in Auschwitz. The newest drugs were tested. The effects of chemicals on the human body were studied. Experiments were carried out on prisoners and they were infected with such dangerous diseases as malaria, hepatitis, typhus and jaundice. Nazi doctors performed surgery on healthy people as training. One of the common operations was castration of men and sterilization of women. Few of the experimental prisoners survived.
Class teacher: (slide 10; 11) On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp from the Nazis, where thousands of prisoners were awaiting liberation. This day is considered the Day of Remembrance for Concentration Camp Victims.
After the war, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum was opened on the territory of the camps. On the memorial plaque it is written: “Let this place be forever a cry of despair and a warning to humanity...” This place is a reminder of the most terrible crime against humanity. It is our duty to remember the history of our country so that those terrible events never happen again.
Our class hour, I want to end with lines from Evgeniy Poniatowski’s poem Auschwitz.
For half a century, silence reigned over Auschwitz. She is louder than any alarm. Flowers are blooming where hundreds of dead human bodies once lay in a heap... Will we really forget about them, Unknown, and innocent of anything?... Presentation on the topic: Class hour “Death Camp”, dedicated to the memory of prisoners of Auschwitz
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