The history of chess
This unusual game appeared about 2000 years ago in India. However, it was called differently - Chaturanga. Since then, its rules have changed, and currently the modern game is presented a little differently. The word “chess” comes from the Persian language from two words “check” - “king” and “checkmate” - “dead”.
There is an assumption that the game of chess was a prototype of war, only without real victims. This attracted many rulers. They understood that they could do without real hard battles and losses of their own troops. Having beaten the enemy in the game, they were declared winners.
Chess Variations
We have figured out how to learn to play chess, now we move on to different versions of these intellectual game battles.
Classic
The classic game has certain time limits. The duration of the game is at least an hour. This is exactly how much time players are given to think about their movements and defeat their opponent. Most often, the control is set for an hour and a half, during which players need to make 40 moves. The following are possible options:
- 30 minutes until the end of the board battle;
- Plus 20 minutes for each successful move made, etc.
If checkmate is not given before the end of the maximum time of the game, a draw is declared.
Bullet
In this version, all the rules of the classics apply, but time control is significantly tightened. Each player is given time from 10 to 60 seconds to think. For each move made, the party participants are given seconds, not minutes.
Blitz
Blitz chess also has a time limit. Players are given no more than 5 minutes to think about each move. It is the most popular chess game in sporting competitions. It goes by quite quickly, requiring players to be composure and maximum concentration on the playing field.
Chess – 960 (Fisher)
The rules for this option are standard. They differ from the classics mainly in the initial position on the extreme horizontals. The layout is performed randomly, selected from 960 possible. All other rules will be similar to the classic version. This applies to:
- Castling;
- Takes on the pass;
- Confessions of a draw;
- Checkmate.
The main difference is the variety of options for starting a game. The game then proceeds according to standard rules with a time limit.
Legends of the game's creation
There are several versions of the origin of this game. Let's look at two main ones.
Version 1
One of the most famous legends is the following. Somehow, after another military campaign, the Raja (king) realized that the constant series of battles had tired him. He decided to take a vacation. However, he didn’t know how to have fun and ordered his wise men to come up with some new fun. There were many attempts to offer something unusual. However, no one could interest Raju; nothing attracted him.
And then, one day, a Brahmin (thinker, mentor in India) came to the palace. He brought with him a board painted in a checkered pattern and intricate wooden figures. He explained to the ruler the rules of this game. The Raja was very pleased and offered to take any reward for this man. However, the visitor asked for an unusual reward - grains of wheat.
But in the same quantity that will be obtained if they are laid out in the squares of the board. There is one for the first cell, two for the second, four for the third, and so on, doubling the grains on each subsequent cell. At first, the ruler was amused by this request.
But the most interesting thing is that in the end there should be such a quantity of grains, which does not exist in the whole world. After all, there are 64 squares on the chessboard. Raja realized that he did not have that much grain, then he simply gave away all his reserves that he had. After this story, the game of chess became popular in the country.
Version 2
There is another no less interesting version of the appearance of such a game. Once upon a time there lived a strong ruler. For many years he fought, defeating all the armies of his opponents with the help of trained war elephants. One day he got bored with these battles. And he announced to his people that he wanted them to come up with a new occupation for him, and a more interesting one.
They brought him all sorts of interesting things made of gold and jewelry, but nothing captivated him. But then, one day, the poor Shah came to the palace and brought a wooden board and wooden figurines. At first the ruler got angry and shouted what kind of simple, wooden gift this was.
But the Shah explained the rules of this game and taught the king how to act. The ruler liked this new product. Almost immediately he began to win. And every time the ruler approached the king’s figure, he shouted: “Check,” that is, “King,” and when he won he added: “Check!” Checkmate!”, that is, “death to the king.”
Chess in Europe and Russia
In Europe and Russia (at that time in Rus'), chess appeared in the 9-10th century. At this time, the game changed in some way, the rules became different. In the form in which we know chess now, the game itself was formed only in the 18th century. And since then there have been virtually no changes.
In Rus', chess quickly gained popularity and was played by artisans, and even boyars and royalty. Craftsmen appeared who made boards and figures for this popular hobby. They were called chess players. The passion was so great that foreign guests of the Russian state were surprised at such an interest in chess.
The first serious chess tournament in Russia took place at the end of the 19th century in St. Petersburg. Since then, competitions among the strongest chess players began to be held regularly. The names of famous players who won many victories began to appear.
Such names as Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov have gone down in chess history forever. They became famous not only in Russia, but also far abroad.
Types of chess
During the period of historical development of chess, some changes and rules gradually appeared. Modernity has also made its own adjustments and as a result we can get acquainted with interesting varieties of chess.
- Correspondence chess – we play remotely. In this form, the participants are located at a distance from each other (in different cities). Communication, which moves are being performed, is kept by telephone, other technical means of communication, for example, through messages.
- A live game with an opponent is the best option. Of course, compared with any other option, this one is the most effective and fun. There may be failures, delays, etc. in technology. Here the battle takes place face to face with the enemy. And emotionally this game is brighter.
- A computer game is a good option for a beginner. Given the capabilities of the computer, it is easy to use programs that can teach new players, even give hints during the game. And you can also smoothly transition to a correspondence game, when two opposing players will “fight” on opposite sides of the computer screen.
- Fischer chess. The idea for this game was invented by the famous American chess player Robert James Fischer. The rules of such chess are slightly different from the usual ones. The bottom line is that the beginning of the game consists of arranging the pieces randomly, but following certain rules.
The benefits of playing chess
This game is so unique that it is easy to get addicted to it. It is especially useful for the younger generation. Children master it without much difficulty. Chess develops many cognitive and mental processes in humans.
- Logics. The entire game is played strictly according to the rules. It is necessary to think through and calculate several moves ahead. Logical thinking develops by itself.
- Analytical thinking. At the beginning of the game, the player must mentally build a plan of action. It is necessary to take into account the mistakes and mistakes of past battles. To achieve your goal and win a new game, you must analyze your past experience.
- Memory. The development of memory here is unconditional. This is a great way to train your memory. In chess this process occurs from the very beginning. Starting from memorizing the location of the pieces on the board and ending with interesting complex combinations.
- Improved attention. Concentrating your attention on the game is the main point. Careless, ill-considered movement of the piece will lead to its loss. Playing chess will also help a restless child. It will help cultivate patience, endurance and poise.
- Strength of character. A strong will is simply a must in a chess game. Finding the best position for your figures and the ability to maintain self-control build character. This is the only way to defeat the enemy.
- Development of creative potential. Creativity is required in each new game, since each of them is unique. We need to think, come up with new moves.
Chess is undoubtedly an exciting and exciting game, despite the apparent inactivity of the players. Another advantage is the language of chess, it is known all over the world. This makes it possible to play a game with players from any country. If you interest a child in such a hobby at an early age, he will acquire many useful character traits. Also, undoubtedly, in the game of chess there is the development of intellectual and mental activity.
presentations for classes Chess at school presentation for the lesson (grade 1)
Slide 1
Prepared by teacher of additional education MBOU "Barguzinskaya sosh" Ukhinova S.B. Lesson No. 21 Castling to the educational complex “Chess at school” E.A. Prudnikova. First year of study MUNICIPAL STATE INSTITUTION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE MUNICIPAL FORMATION "BARGUZINSKY DISTRICT" MBOU "BARGUZINSKAYA SECONDARY EDUCATION SCHOOL"
Slide 2
Review what you have learned 1. Which country is the birthplace of chess? A) Russia; B) China; B) India; D) Tuva. 2. How many squares are on the chessboard? A) 48; B) 64; B) 50; D) 16. 3. What is a diagram? A) Starting position; B) Recording of a chess game; C) Material advantage; D) Printed image of a chess game. 4. Find a heavy piece among the pieces: A) Horse; B) Elephant; B) Rook; D) Pawn. 5. Name a minor piece among the pieces: A) Queen; B) Pawn; B) Elephant; D) Rook. 6. Name a figure among the pieces that moves only forward: A) King; B) Horse; B) Pawn; D) Queen. 7. Name the only piece among the pieces that can jump over its own and other people’s pieces: A) Bishop; B) Horse; B) Pawn; D) Queen. 8. The record of a chess game is called: A) Position; B) Diary; B) Notation; D) Recording.
Slide 3
An attack on the king is called: A) Checkmate; B) Pat; B) Draw; D) Shah. 12. Indicate three ways to defend against check: A) Destroy the piece that declared checkmate; B) Get away from the check; B) Declare a truce; D) Cover the check with another piece. 13. What is the name of a check from which there is no defense: A) Draw; B) Pat; . 9. An attack on the king is called: A) Checkmate; B) Draw; B) Pat; D) Shah. 10. Indicate three ways to defend against check: A) Destroy the piece that declared checkmate; B) Get away from the check; B) Declare a truce; D) Cover the check with another piece. 11. What is the name of a check from which there is no defense: A) Draw; B) Castling; B) Pat; D) Mat. 12. Which chess piece is equivalent to the bishop: A) Pawn; B) Queen; B) Rook; D) Horse. 13. The value of a queen is approximately equal to: A) Bishop and knight; B) Rook and two pawns; B) Two rooks; D) Five pawns.
Slide 4
Castling is a special move in chess, which consists in horizontally moving the king towards a rook of its color by 2 squares and then the rook to the square adjacent to the king on the other side of the king. In chess notation, short castling is designated 0-0, long castling is 0-0-0 .
Slide 9
Artificial castling is the movement of the king and rook in several moves to the squares that they would occupy if castling was performed in the usual way. The purpose of artificial castling is to maximize the protection of the king. Castling appeared in the XIV-XV centuries. There was no such move in earlier versions of chess.
History of chess, when were they invented
If you're serious about getting into chess, you need to know the history of this ancient game that became an Olympic sport. It appeared more than 2 thousand years ago, presumably in India. The ancestor of modern gaming battles was the ancient military chaturanga. From India at the beginning of the first centuries AD. it began to spread around the world, ending up first in Central Asia and soon gaining popularity in both the Far and Middle East. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, chaturanga, which began to be called shatranj, found its way to Mauritanian Asia, and in the mid-15th century it became popular in Europe. It was then that the first instructions for conducting tabletop battles and the requirements for its compliance appeared.
The first tournament was held in 1575. This happened at the court of the Spanish king. The battle involved his subjects against guests from Italy. After this, international tournaments for this board game began to be held everywhere. In 1836 the first magazine was published. In all European countries, including the Russian Empire, circles of amateur chess players began to form. In the 19th century, chess clocks appeared and tabletop battles received a time limit. From that moment to the present day it has survived almost unchanged. Both adults and children became interested in it. Amateur and professional tournaments began to be held everywhere. A huge number of people began to follow the tabletop battles. Soon professional grandmasters appeared and the games were included in the Olympic program. They began to be called a passive sport.
