The main principles of human morality and spirituality receive their basis in the upbringing of children when they are in primary school.
Teachers and parents are involved in educating younger schoolchildren in extracurricular activities.
The child learns the most important fundamentals of behavior, his views on the surrounding space are formed, he learns to understand his peers, and the moral convictions of the personality of a junior schoolchild are created. At this time, it is necessary to teach the student the rules and norms that operate in society.
Extracurricular activities – educational process
?Junior schoolchildren emotionally perceive the world around them.? This age is especially susceptible to moral and aesthetic education; it is important not to miss this time and contribute to the formation of a full-fledged member of the team who will internalize the moral and cultural values of the society in which he lives. Agreement with others is the main goal of education. Researchers in the field of pedagogy indicate that at present, the spiritual development of children lags behind their intellectual development. Boys and girls bring home diaries with good grades, but do not know how to understand others and correctly evaluate their actions.
Areas of extracurricular activities
Moral education at school and in the family
In order for the moral education of junior schoolchildren in extracurricular activities to bring results in the form of positive behavior of children, coordinated work of all parts of the educational process is necessary. These include: lessons according to the school curriculum, raising and teaching children in after-school groups, managing children’s behavior at home. Parents should not shift responsibility for the spiritual and moral education of their sons and daughters to the school teacher and GPA teacher. School is only part of the educational system, where, according to special programs, younger children are taught literacy: counting, writing and the basics of life. Parents are required to actively participate in the educational process, despite being busy at work, and become familiar with the main educational programs in which their children are studying.
Spiritual and moral education is the task of both parents and schools
The positive example of adults has the strongest influence on younger students. Children copy the behavior of their parents: mom and dad.
The educational program is mainly designed to teach children school subjects, with the state taking responsibility for this process. Many parents understand the process of raising children as teaching them to read and write and know school subjects, without caring about their aesthetic and moral education. They pay their main attention to monitoring the children’s homework and set the goal of getting good grades, without thinking about the child’s spiritual development.
Moral education of junior schoolchildren
Bibliographic description:
Moral education of junior schoolchildren / L. V. Ageeva, E. A. Astafieva, I. Yu. Vakhnina [and others]. — Text: immediate // Current issues of modern pedagogy: materials of the X International. scientific conf. (Samara, March 2020). - Samara: ASGARD Publishing House LLC, 2020. - P. 1-3. — URL: https://moluch.ru/conf/ped/archive/212/12013/ (access date: 10.10.2020).
Changes in the social life of our country, changes in the field of education make problems of spirituality, morality, and ethics especially relevant. The modern strategy for the development of the Russian school is also becoming different: at its center is the formation of a spiritually rich, highly moral, educated and creative personality. The moral health of our society depends on how moral, kind and decent our children are.
Raising a child's morality begins with the family. This is the environment into which the baby enters immediately after birth. It forms certain relationships between parents and children. These connections play an important role in the moral education of a child. It is in the family that the first experience is laid and the knowledge that previous generations possessed is accumulated. An adult is a model of behavior for a child. Looking at the behavior of his parents, he builds relationships with others. In the family, the child develops a feeling of caring for loved ones, the ability to respect their position and interests. Parental education instills aesthetic tastes, interests, and affections. Among close people, a child learns to love one thing and hate another, which subsequently affects his entire future life.
Family is the principles of relationships, both between spouses and in the relationship between parents and children. These principles include love, caring, understanding, respect, compassion, honesty, sincerity, trust and more.
Family brings fullness of life and happiness. The main moral value of a family is children. And parental duty is the responsibility to ensure that a worthy person, physically and spiritually healthy, grows up in the family. It is in the family that the foundations of a child’s personality are laid, and by the time he enters school he is already more than half formed as a person. The family can act as both a positive and negative factor in education. The positive impact on the child’s personality is that no one except the people closest to him in the family - mother, father, grandmother, grandfather - treat the child better, love him and care about him as much.
But no other social institution can potentially cause as much harm in raising children as a family can. It is safe to say that a house in which there is no friendship, good relations between elders and younger ones cannot be called happy. Therefore, we have the right to classify the friendship of parents and children among the moral values of the family. If parents are attentive to each other, friendly, polite, and true to their word, then their children, as a rule, grow up to be well-mannered people.
The beginning of education is obedience. A child should be taught obedience from an early age. From an early age, children should understand what is permitted and prohibited. Discipline, first of all, means recognizing the order, the complex structure of authority and obedience that is created in the family.
At the same time, parents must set a personal example. If an adult behaves like a noble, considerate older friend, his behavior encourages the child to perform positive actions. If parents want to instill a sense of responsibility in their children, then they must first of all give them the opportunity to prove themselves: trust them, set tasks for them that they are obliged to complete, say, around the house or caring for pets. If a child does not succeed in something, then parents should be patient and not be indignant at the child’s inability; parents’ irritation has a harmful effect on the children’s psyche and causes retaliatory irritation. Parents should never, in the presence of strangers, sometimes even family members, complain about a child or scold and discuss his actions, raise his voice, or insult him. A child cannot be humiliated; his mistakes must be explained to him and supported. Children and parents should always be united.
So, the family plays a leading role in the development of spiritual qualities, because this is the first and main habitat of a small citizen. Secondly, the moral education of younger schoolchildren is carried out by the school, where the child also spends a lot of time. School is the main link in the system of educating the younger generation. In elementary school, the child begins to acquire certain knowledge. But we should not forget that he has already formed some character traits that need to be developed and directed in the right direction. It is at school that the moral character of a student continues to be formed.
The spiritual and moral education of a junior schoolchild occurs mainly and primarily in the learning process. The task of teachers is not only to equip students with deep and lasting knowledge, but also to form spiritual and moral qualities in schoolchildren, cultivate patriotism, develop creative thinking, cognitive activity, the ability to independently use various sources of information, and navigate the events of today.
The most common form of work at school is the lesson. It contains the basic elements of the educational process in complex interaction: goal, task, content, forms, methods, means, mutual activities of the teacher and students.
Lessons in the native language and literature contain unlimited opportunities for developing moral qualities in a child. Texts of literary works containing situations of moral choice or manifestations of moral feelings and moral relations are used as the main means of teaching in lessons. The emotional attitude of students towards the characters depicted is the basis for the formation of moral ideas. During the lessons, various techniques of likening, animation, reincarnation, and comparison are used. The child must learn to put himself in the place of another, to see the world through the eyes of others, to understand it.
An obligatory element of the lesson is an appeal to the personal experience of children and their thoughts on the topic under discussion. It is important to give all students the opportunity to express their opinions. This builds faith in one’s own strengths, a positive attitude towards oneself, and demonstrates the team’s attention to one’s opinion.
In the lessons, you can use such forms and activities as pedagogical tasks, game situations, watching videos, collective creative work, and children writing essays.
The introduction of game elements into the structure of the lesson is an effective factor in increasing the effectiveness of educational influences. Particularly important in moral education are plot-based role-playing games, in which social relationships are reproduced by children on the basis of life and artistic impressions. From them, students draw models for solving new life problems that arise in knowledge, in work, in relationships with friends and adults. Relying on such games is the most important way to include children in joint activities, a way to ensure an emotional response to educational influences.
Reading and analyzing articles, stories, poems, and fairy tales from educational books helps children understand and appreciate the moral actions of people. Children read and discuss articles that pose questions about justice, honor, comradeship, friendship, loyalty to public duty, humanity and patriotism in a form accessible to them.
Problems of moral education can be solved in OPK lessons, which form motivation in children of primary school age for conscious moral behavior based on knowledge and respect for the cultural and religious traditions of the multinational people of Russia.
The educational process within the framework of the comprehensive course “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” is aimed at introducing students to the spiritual traditions of the people of Russia, the history and culture of the largest religious associations in our country. All this pursues a common goal: the moral education of Russian schoolchildren on the basis of traditional ideals and values, the development of their interest in the world around them, the formation of a respectful attitude towards representatives of various concessions, the strengthening of tolerant relations between participants in the educational process, and the improvement of the moral atmosphere in school and family.
Patriotic education is part of spiritual education. Class hours, holidays dedicated to Victory Day, literary evenings, Days of Russian spirituality and culture, meetings with interesting people - all this helps to deepen knowledge of the history of the Motherland, traditions, culture of the peoples of Russia, fostering civic consciousness and involvement in native origins. It is very important to ensure that every student understands the importance of citizenship and belonging to their homeland.
What is the significance of studying the subject “The World Around us” for the moral development of a primary school student?
Studying the world around us has a beneficial effect on the development of various aspects of a child’s personality. The lessons instill in children a noble attitude towards their Fatherland, towards their people, their language, spiritual, natural and cultural values, a respectful attitude towards all the peoples of Russia, towards their national cultures, original customs and traditions, towards the state symbols of the Russian Federation. The content of lessons from the surrounding world allows us to fully reveal spirituality and morality in a child. In the lesson of the surrounding world, in contrast to the lessons of the Russian language and mathematics, there is more opportunity for direct communication with children. These lessons require children to be more relaxed, to be able to freely express their emotional state and independence. One of the forms of education of a spiritual and moral personality is the study of the small homeland. Children will learn the sights and historical places of their native land. You can use a variety of forms and methods of getting to know your native land: excursions, conversations, creative works - reports and abstracts.
The source of moral knowledge is, first of all, people's life experience. From generation to generation, advice and instructions were passed on to descendants on how to live in peace and harmony, and avoid evil and injustice.
The formation of a student’s personality and character takes place in the daily routine of school life at every lesson. And there should be no little things here that are unimportant for the teacher. Not a single act of a child should go unnoticed by the teacher and should not receive ethical assessment. After all, every action is perhaps a future destiny. And teaching children to be happy and morally healthy is probably the main task and difficulty of the lesson. A teacher should never forget this. And constantly learn the art of influencing the student’s personality, creating an atmosphere of mutual understanding and cooperation in the classroom.
But the role of the school is not limited to interaction with the child. The teaching staff is called upon to promote the harmonious upbringing of a child in the family circle: if necessary, conduct conversations with parents about educational processes, help in difficult situations that have developed in the family, in which parental behavior that is correct from a pedagogical point of view is required. A qualified teacher is obliged not only to involve the child in the educational process, but also to contribute to his full harmonious development and personality formation.
Literature:
1. Averina N. G. On the spiritual and moral education of junior schoolchildren / N. G. Averina // Beginning. school. - 2005. - No. 11.
2. The ABC of moral education: A manual for teachers. / Ed. I. A. Kairova, O. S. Bogdanova. – M.: Education, 1997 – 17 p.
3. Boldyrev N. I. Moral education of schoolchildren / N. I. Boldyrev. - M.: Education, 1979. – 289 p.
4. Vasilyeva M. S., Omorokova M. I., Abdullina A. A. Education of students using literature. // Elementary School. – 1979. – No. 8. – P. 11.
Key terms
(automatically generated)
: child, family, moral education, the world around us, lesson, parent, primary school student, native land, respectful attitude, educational process.
Moral education of a schoolchild using the example of parents
Teachers advise parents to remember that the main goal of raising a child is to prepare him to communicate with peers, with people of different ages (moral education), and to teach him to see the beauty of nature (aesthetic education).
Results of comprehensive moral education
?The moral formation of the personality of younger schoolchildren should be carried out by parents. Teachers emphasize that the foundations of morality are laid, first of all, in the family. A prosperous married couple with children is the basic unit of society, in which full-fledged members of society will be raised. If a junior schoolchild sees his mother and father committing unseemly acts, quarrels, conflicts within the family, scandals between his parents and neighbors, he will certainly begin to repeat these scenarios in his personal life.
Advice to parents: if a similar situation occurs in life and a child witnesses a quarrel or conflict, then in order to prevent a negative impact on his moral development, you need to evaluate your actions and the actions of others from the standpoint of morality and ethical standards.
Results and effects of extracurricular activities
Moral education of primary school students
Donchenko E.N.
primary school teacher
highest qualification category
MBOU "Gymnasium No. 3 ZMR RT"
Moral education of junior schoolchildren
in literature lessons.
Issues of moral development, education, and human improvement have always worried society at all times. Especially now, when cruelty and violence can be encountered more and more often, the problem of moral education is becoming increasingly relevant. The moral education of a child’s personality is one of the most important tasks of the school. And this is natural, because in the life of our society the role of moral principles is increasingly increasing, the scope of action of the moral factor is expanding. Moral education is a process aimed at the holistic formation and development of a child’s personality, and involves the formation of his relationships to the Motherland, society, people, to work, to his responsibilities and to himself. In the process of moral education, the school forms in the younger student a sense of patriotism, camaraderie, mutual assistance, an active attitude to reality, and deep respect for working people.
Of course, ideally, all this should happen from the very birth of the child, in the family. The first melodies that a child hears are the mother’s lullabies, the first works of literature are fairy tales told by the grandmother. But, unfortunately, this does not always happen, especially in our time. Therefore, today the role of the school, the role of lessons, in particular literature lessons, in the upbringing and education of students is increasing.
Who else but a teacher who has the opportunity to influence the upbringing of a child should give this problem the most important role in his activities. The task of moral education is for teachers to transform the socially necessary requirements of society into internal incentives for the personality of each child, such as duty, honor, conscience, and dignity.
The basis of education, which determines moral development, is the formation of humanistic relations among children, regardless of the content, methods, and forms of educational work. In the education of any moral quality, various means of education are used. For elementary school students, ethical discussions in extracurricular activities, Russian language lessons, and especially literature lessons
. The teacher’s word is a kind of instrument of influence on the development of the child’s personality. It is through conversations with a teacher, the spiritual development of a child, self-education, the joy of achieving goals, and noble work that open a person’s eyes to himself.
One’s own moral experience creates the conditions for effectively assimilating the experience of other people, which is passed on to children in the process of moral education. While accumulating his own moral experience, a child may make a mistake and act incorrectly. The teacher must help him realize and experience the wrongness and immorality of his action; Of course, we need to help him not only correct his behavior, but also influence the direction of the motives that caused this or that action.
In fact, a lesson is a place for various collective actions and experiences, the accumulation of experience in moral relationships. In the lessons, children are accustomed to independent work, for the successful implementation of which it is necessary to correlate their efforts with the efforts of others, learn to listen and understand their comrades, compare their knowledge with the knowledge of others, defend their opinions, help and accept help. During lessons, children can experience together a keen sense of joy from the very process of acquiring new knowledge, as well as grief from failures and mistakes. From an educational point of view, all subjects studied at school are equally important. The system of moral education is built concentrically, i.e. In each class, children are introduced to basic moral concepts. But from class to class the volume of knowledge increases, the awareness of moral concepts and ideas deepens. Already in the 1st grade, the teacher gradually introduces the concepts of benevolence and justice, camaraderie and friendship, collectivism and personal responsibility for a common cause. This is helped by textbooks authored by V.A. Yakovleva. The compilers include the wonderful works of L.N. Tolstoy “Bone”, “Old Grandfather”, “Lion and Mouse”, “Father and Sons”, V.A. Oseev “Sons”, “Good”. I would especially like to mention the works of the great fabulist I. Krylov “The Siskin and the Dove”, “The Dragonfly and the Ant”. It is precisely such works that reveal to children the moral principles and understanding of life principles. It goes without saying that work on developing these qualities in children is carried out comprehensively throughout all four years of education. Naturally, works in the fourth grade are more voluminous, more serious and meaningful. For example, V.K. Zheleznikov “Three Branches of Mimosa”, Yu.Ya. Yakovlev “Striped Stick”, S.G. Georgiev “Grandfather”. By reading and thinking about the content of the works included in textbooks, children gain initial understanding of such moral concepts as duty, mutual assistance, compassion, and care. The teacher’s task is to organize work on the text in such a way that, empathizing with the characters of the works, reading poetry, children experience a strong emotional impact of the literary text: they worry, rejoice and worry, comprehending the moral lessons of the works.
In literature lessons, the teacher forms the personality of a citizen of Russia, his moral consciousness through comprehension, emotional acceptance and mastery by students - readers of moral values contained in works of art; develops moral ideas, forms moral concepts. Literary material allows students to continue and deepen their understanding of the most important moral topics. Such as: family as a part of society and the basis for procreation; the role of family and national traditions; the origins of the heroic act; the unnoticed beauty of the everyday, etc. It also forms, through opposition, such moral concepts as generosity and spiritual callousness, meanness and nobility, loyalty, betrayal, courage and cowardice. Children's ideas about morality and spiritual qualities, about conscientiousness and generosity, about courage and boldness, kindness and patience, ingenuity and resourcefulness are deepened. Analyzing folk tales, children realize that our people have always considered heroism in defending their Motherland, kindness and hard work to be the main virtues of the Russian people. Children's ideas about the world and the lives of other peoples expand through the study of myths and foreign folklore.
In addition to empathy, the basis for the formation of moral beliefs is assessment.
Evaluating the actions of literary heroes, the student-reader correlates his ideas about “what is good and what is bad” with the moral values of his people and humanity and ultimately perceives “someone else’s” as “his own”, receives ideas about norms of behavior and relationships between people that form the basis of his moral ideas and personal qualities.
And for this to happen, in a literary reading lesson, students must not just read works of fiction. The teacher’s task is to organize a full, deep perception by children of all the information embedded in the text, to help them imagine the pictures drawn by the author, to respond emotionally to the feelings of the author and the characters, to understand the author’s thought and, to the extent possible, to see how all this conveys to us, the readers, artist of words. In other words, to develop reading skills
, the main ones of which are:
- the ability to imagine a picture drawn by the author of the work; - empathize with the characters and the author; - understand the main idea of the work, its idea.
In parallel and in accordance with the literary work, textbooks contain reproductions of paintings by artists, the discussion of which is also a means of moral and aesthetic education.
While reading and analyzing a work, a child should think about important questions of existence: about truth and lies, love and hatred, the sources of evil and good, human capabilities and his place in the world. And one should not think that he is still small and that he should not be frightened or his life complicated by such questions - a modern child on his way sometimes faces such serious problems that the sooner he begins to think about them, the better. And may good and smart books and his TEACHER help him solve these problems.
Civic education of children in extracurricular activities
Civic education of primary schoolchildren is a process in which the child’s personality is formed as a member of society. This happens in a group of peers during school lessons in the classroom, in a group of different ages at various school and extracurricular events, in the family, when parents and other relatives show behavior patterns to the child by their personal example. Children of primary school age are especially susceptible to standards set by adults. Parents are those people whom they especially trust, therefore they internalize their behavior without reasoning, and embody their actions and actions in their own lives. It is difficult for younger schoolchildren to distinguish positive actions and behavior of adults from unkind behavior. Therefore, they imitate their parents without thinking.
National values as a result of civic education
Children need to be taught many qualities that they will need in adulthood:
- understand the people around you,
- be able to evaluate the actions of another person,
- correctly evaluate your own actions in relation to other people,
- build good relationships with people around you,
- be able to make decisions independently and be responsible for their actions,
- take responsibility for your destiny and for the destinies of your family and friends.
Article “Education of a moral personality in lessons in primary school”
The education of the moral personality of a junior schoolchild occurs mainly and primarily in the classroom. A lesson is a place for a variety of collective actions and experiences, the accumulation of experience in moral relationships. In the lesson, children are accustomed to independent work, for the successful implementation of which it is necessary to correlate their efforts with the efforts of others, learn to listen and understand their comrades, help and accept help. During lessons, children experience together a feeling of joy from the very process of acquiring new knowledge, and grief from failures and mistakes. The variety of subjects gives each child the opportunity to show the strong side of his or her individuality in learning.
Primary education is currently structured in such a way that it develops cognitive abilities in schoolchildren; develops skills for active mastery of educational material, leads to the integration of acquired knowledge into a holistic system aimed at understanding the world around us. The development of thinking, mastery of various ways of working with educational material has a direct impact on children’s acquisition of moral knowledge; The organization of the educational process and its methods contribute to the accumulation of moral experience.
The formation of morality occurs at school in all lessons. And in relation there are no main and non-main subjects. It is not only the content, methods and organization of teaching that educates, but also the teacher, his personality, knowledge, beliefs, and the atmosphere that develops in the lesson, the style of relationships between the teacher and students, and children among themselves. The student himself educates himself, turning into a subject of education.
During lessons, in constant communication with the teacher and with peers, the child’s morality is formed and his life experience is enriched. The experiences of younger schoolchildren, their joys and sorrows are related to their studies. During the lesson, all the main elements of the educational process interact: goal, content, methods, means of organization. Educates the entire learning process in the lesson, and not individual moments of the lesson.
Excursions into nature are a kind of school of morality. They are conducted with students of different ages. Such excursion lessons foster a caring attitude towards nature and a sense of responsibility. After the excursion, it is necessary to conduct conversations. The result of the conversation is a bright, convincing word from the teacher, who draws a conclusion on the issue under discussion and makes recommendations.
Not only the content, but also the organization of the educational process is important for the ideological and moral formation of schoolchildren. Both in study and in work one should learn collectively. The organization of collective and group forms of work is possible in lessons in all subjects, but especially in labor lessons. For example, preparations for the New Year, where children together make garlands with their own hands, etc.
Moral and legal education through play
In educational activities, teachers use role-playing games, acting out scenes from real life, from books and educational literature with children. This helps children to assimilate moral and ethical standards accepted in society. To teach children communication is the main goal of the game. In this case, the game is an original rehearsal that allows you to act out various life events and teach children the correct behavior in different life situations.
Game Zarnitsa as an educational method
For example, teachers in classes at the GPA teach children the following behavior through play:
- how to make friends with a peer, show him your sympathy and establish friendly relations,
- how to respond to expressions of friendship,
- what needs to be done when a conflict arises in the school community, in the classroom, or with strangers on the street or in transport; how to choose the right words and how to respond so that a quarrel does not develop,
- they teach restraint: not to give vent to anger towards others when other students said offensive words or tried to make fun of them,
- how to resolutely refuse risky offers from strangers who are trying to treat them to something, or friends decided to have fun and are trying to drag the child into their adventure.
The game form contributes to a better assimilation of moral and ethical rules of behavior in a group of peers and in a society of people of different ages.
Forms of organizing extracurricular activities
Individual educational conversations with children
Educational activities are carried out in groups, which contributes to the collective acquisition by children of moral and ethical standards and rules of behavior in society. Sometimes an individual lesson with a student is required. An experienced teacher determines the need for this and conducts a personal educational conversation with the child. It is necessary to give the younger student the opportunity to express his opinion and various doubts, to understand what worries him, to help him realize his shortcomings and give advice on correcting them, to correct his behavior. It is important for parents to know that in such a conversation it is important not to put pressure on the student, and especially not to ridicule the child when their son or daughter expresses their doubts and concerns.
Educational conversation with a child
?Shouting and punishment do not contribute to the development of a child’s harmonious personality.?
Formation of an aesthetically developed personality of schoolchildren
Man is part of nature, so it is important to give primary schoolchildren the basics of environmental knowledge, teach them to live in harmony with nature and feel responsible for its condition. To achieve these goals, activities for the moral and aesthetic education of schoolchildren are carried out in primary schools:
- competitions of drawings and crafts made from natural materials,
- nature hikes, walks in parks,
- conversations about beauty, based on films about nature watched or works of literature read,
- excursions to art exhibitions and museums,
- work in the school plot (growing plants independently, planting flowers),
- Involving children in the design of the classroom.
Excursion to the museum
Thus, in the process of moral and aesthetic education of junior schoolchildren, children develop a caring attitude towards nature, the foundations of an aesthetic perception of the world are formed, they sensitively respond to all the beautiful manifestations of the world. Activities in creativity circles help awaken children's imagination; they create beautiful things on their own. The best activities for this are considered to be: modeling from natural clay, modeling, drawing with pencils and watercolors.
Advice to parents: help your child determine which creative activity suits him best and what he likes. The creation of works of art contributes to the child’s aesthetic development and maturation as a moral and spiritual person.
Activities for spiritual and moral education in elementary school
It is better to divide the activities into subgroups:
Cognition
This includes various intellectual games and work on filling out rating tables. Children need conversations aimed at stimulating interest in learning on the following topics: “What is not written in the textbook,” “Outstanding women scientists,” “About people of science.”
The main thing is not to put pressure on children, but to develop in them an interest in learning and a desire to develop.
Value guidelines
Boring classroom hours and dry conversations will not be able to provide proper patriotic education and will not teach the basics of etiquette. Virtual travel and online games are much more interesting and educational.
It is useful for children to hear true stories about patriotic deeds from veterans. The rules of etiquette are reinforced under the control of the class teacher during lunch, extracurricular activities with access to the city or nature.
Necessity of labor
Awareness of the importance of work is instilled in children during short shifts, general cleaning of the classroom, and school grounds. Additional help will include classes on the topic of vocation, choosing a future profession, visiting a local factory, organizing a school fair.
Public benefit
This group of conversations and activities aims to help every student realize that he should be useful to someone in real life. This could be patronage of younger schoolchildren, a rabbit, a kitten. With their class teacher, children visit shelters, orphanages, and hospitals.
Entertaining children, telling them a fairy tale, helping a sick person with lunch - these activities not only cultivate compassion, but become a decisive factor in choosing a future profession.
Creative activities
Trips to their native land, places of battle, themed evenings on the theme of the arrival of autumn, Maslenitsa, fashion shows, meetings with poets and composers develop students’ interest in creative pursuits.
Future creators will gain self-confidence from the genuine interest of others in their creations. It is important for a child to express admiration; excessive criticism or ignorance destroys the desire to draw or perform in a drama club.
Health promotion
Regular sports competitions and classes on the rules of maintaining health are a useful endeavor. To make it interesting for children to take part in games, trips to health camps, and hikes, props and posters are carefully prepared for them, and comparative diagnostics of health indicators “before” and “after” are carried out.
The free time of younger schoolchildren can be devoted to classes in thematic clubs and sports sections. For unobtrusive control, teachers can use a survey or discussion method. Only here it is important that such a “conversation” does not turn into a teacher’s monologue or a conversation exclusively among children.
Instilling in children a sense of duty to society
Much attention is paid to the civic and patriotic education of schoolchildren in the primary grades. Reading fiction is intended to instill in children a sense of duty. First, the child develops responsibility to the collective for his actions, and then, as they grow up, children begin to realize their responsibilities to society as a whole and to their homeland.
Family tree - method of education
Advice to parents: create a family tree with your son and daughter, talk about the history of the family, what contribution each family member made to the development of society, about patriotic deeds, how their grandfathers and great-grandfathers defended their homeland.
Thus, the responsibility for the spiritual development of children lies with the parents; the moral character of the adult that their child will become depends on them. After graduating from a comprehensive school, a person must be fully prepared for future life, and the foundations of his upbringing and morality are laid in elementary school.
The role of the school and the teacher’s personality in spiritual and moral education
Today's children are very different from schoolchildren who were even 10 years ago. They are more knowledgeable, self-confident, more often inclined to overestimate their awareness, neglect authorities and other people's opinions, they are characterized by superficial feelings and reluctance to think. Very often, nationality and citizenship mean little for primary school students; the importance of school life and education also lose importance. Literary heroes, famous compatriots, and teachers cease to be moral models.
Thoughts about a future profession have little to do with selfless service to others, life orientations are mercantile, children’s consciousness is directed towards personal interests, singers, football players, bankers, and action movie heroes become their idols.
Properly organized school life actively counters the examples of immoral and destructive behavior that capture children's consciousness through computer games and television shows.
Within the walls of the school, a cultural space is modeled where traditional moral principles are an absolute priority. But the values of high culture are perceived by the child only through his own activities.
?
A lesson is not something individual, but a place of collective experiences and actions, where children accumulate moral experience, they learn to work independently, listen, compare, defend opinions, and help others.
For younger schoolchildren, the teacher is in many ways a role model in manners and attitude towards children. If warmth and responsiveness reign in the class, and the teacher cares about his students, then the relationships between classmates become the same. Elders, as in the family, should pay attention not only to children’s success in reading and mathematics, but also to their spiritual and moral development; upbringing and the learning process in primary school are inextricably linked .
Methods and forms of moral education
