The spellings DIVIDING SOFT SIGN AND DIVIDING HARD SIGN are among the most significant in elementary school. Already in the 2nd grade, children become familiar with the spelling DIVISION SOFT SIGN, and in the 3rd grade with the spelling DIVISION HARD SIGN.
And here some guys begin to have some difficulties. So that there is no confusion in children's heads, already in the 2nd grade, you need to explain to them the double work of the soft sign.
A soft sign may simply soften the consonant sound that precedes it. In this case, it stands at the end of a word or between two consonants.
For example: skates, deer, day, slice.
Also, a soft sign can separate two sounds!
Separating b and b sign: rules
The dividing b is written at the root of the word after the consonants before the letters E, E, Yu, I, I: linen, dress, trees, nightingales, blizzard.
In words of foreign origin, the writing of the soft dividing sign b before the letter O is found: battalion, broth, medallion, pavilion, postman, champignon, lotion.
The separative Ъ is written after prefixes ending in a consonant, before the letters E, Ё, Yu, I: entrance, pre-anniversary, announcement, shriveled.
We must also remember that the letters E, E, Yu, I designate two sounds when they appear after the b and b signs + the letter I standing after b.
This rule must be remembered when performing sound-letter or phonetic analysis of a word.
Like any other rule, the spelling of the correct spelling of b and b signs must be worked out in practice. To do this, you can use various task options. For ease of use, I have compiled 13 cards, which include all the necessary types of exercises for practicing or checking this spelling.
Also, the sentences offered on the cards can be used as a vocabulary or selective dictation.
Separating ь and ъ sign: cards
Card 1
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
Streams run from high mountains. Sparrows chirped loudly in the shady forests. Solov sing well in the collective farm gardens... The driver presented the documents to the police officer. An immense steppe spreads out before the eyes of tourists. Departure for the camp was scheduled for early morning.
2. Insert ъ where necessary. Select consoles. Underline the letters after ъ.
In...driving into the city, on the wall there is an announcement, a fox..and traces, show...your documents, once...found a comrade, enter the entrance, once...clarified the task, angry...furious beast, crane...you ...driving from the city, the vast steppe.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word jam.
Card 2
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
We are watering flowers today. Our whole family went out into the garden to water the tree. Deer...and antlers are highly prized. The children put edible mushrooms in a basket. The logs on the d..r..withered area..stu..moved apart. The worker presented his pass to the inspector.
2. Select words with the same root with the indicated prefixes for these words. Select consoles.
Riding (from-, under-, on-, once-, you-, for-). Ate (by-, with-, about-, under-, once-, re-).
3. Do a phonetic analysis of the word trees.
Card 3
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
Sad..thoughts..I dreamed in the head of the old postman..he. No amount...separated the field from the garden. A strong wind in the south delayed travelers. The detachment listened carefully to the announcement of...the departure to the city. Cross-country skiing was announced on Sunday.
2. Write by opening the brackets and inserting the missing letters. Select consoles.
Uncle Il. I went on a (s) trip and took me (to) g..stay with my grandmother. A car drove up to the driveway. We (you) got on the road and an hour later (in) we went to the city.
3. Do a phonetic analysis of the word drive.
Card 4
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
He did the mail...he brought magazines. A squadron of aircraft took off from the airfield. The Christians loved the freedom of the steppe..e. Wormwood..I froze...very slowly. The dungeon was dark and damp. By sunset the sky cleared. The tousled birds sat on the tree. The grey-haired little boy quickly went down the hill.
2. Write down in two columns the words with ь sign and with ь sign indicating the softness of consonants.
Sick, gun, spear, I'll take, birds, letter, nightingales, trees, night, boy, autumn, pebbles, ants, happiness, life, blizzard, slice, finger.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word monkey.
Card 5
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
Red ants..and great friends of the forest. Ants...and one anthill per day...eat more than thirty thousand caterpillars. On long journeys, passenger trains hum. Shrinking from the cold, the puppy lay in the beech. The l..sleepy field was shrouded in a thick fog.
Write down words with the same root, indicate the root.
2. Write phrases, changing the meaning of the words in brackets.
(Fox) fox hole, (bird)……………………………. feather, (wolf)………………… footprints, (dog)………………………. kennel, (goat)………………………….. milk, (bear)………………………… paw, (hare)………………………….. hat, (squirrel)………………………………. skin
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word ants.
Card 6
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
Because of...the rain..I couldn't drive the car...to the entrance. The branches of the old trees were crooked and thick. The counselor once..clarified the mate's plan. In..sleeping birds make..nests, and the..n..s..give their native lands. At the old place, the logs moved... away, and the cars went around.. around.
2. Write down in two columns the words with ь sign and with ь sign indicating the softness of consonants.
Boy, feathers, health, chirping, pouring, letter, family, polka, sons, cereal, big, minx, tenants, housing, ice floe, streams, feathers, day, mill, skates, coals, dust, ring.
3. Do a phonetic analysis of the word feathers.
Card 7
1.Copy down the sentences, insert the missing letters.
The tourists drove away from the city and drove up to a stormy river. The bus drove into the village, the children rushed into the arms of Aunt Tat..yana. A big bad... I was standing on the driver's seat. The runners of the sled are made of metal. A rapid stream of water of incredible force rushed through the gorge.
2.Read the proverbs. Insert a hard or soft separator. Select consoles.
1. All this...I am together, and my soul is in place. 2. In order to eat a fish, you need to fly into the water. 3. They meet you according to your payment, but you see them off according to your intelligence. 4. In winter, I would eat a fungus, but the snow is deep. 5. The bird is red with feathers......and the man is learned......eat. 6. They kill the wolf not because he is gray, but because he ate the sheep. 7. From idleness..I am not happy..I am. 8. What I came with, I left with. 9. We went to the forest to pick...edible mushrooms.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word health.
Card 8
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
Z..ma announced..ina in..a dream. The pr..l..tel wind..r, s.brought menacing clouds. They did not let the sun's rays hit the ground. V..sleep sent m..l..to the grass..warm drops of..rain. Z..ma froze them.. The kidneys on the... roars... shrank. Z..ma pinched them with her pussy. Mixed rain with snow, thunder in the autumn with the south. The enraged z..ma tried to strike at the very heart in..a dream, but couldn’t see..it.
2.Write down 5 words in three columns:
- with a separating soft sign;
- with a soft sign - an indicator of the softness of the consonant;
- with a solid separator.
3. Do a phonetic analysis of the word sparrows.
Card 9
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
In the summer I started eating apples. The old miner's house was clean. A battle is being waged against the dirt and dust in the room. The crane worker explained to the guys how the crane works. At the entrance...a small kit...shrinked...from the cold..yes. An angry wave of water rushed along the length. By sunset the sky cleared, the trills of the sun were heard..in..i.
2. Divide the words into groups.
Sem..ya, in..drove, bul..on, in..et, in..drive, in..south, postman..he, in..yun, shrank..shrinked, announcement, r..i, Il..ya, angry..furious, gun..e, Dem..yan, from..yan, medal..he, bird..i.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word linen.
Card 10
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
Girls at labor lessons sew dresses for dolls..i. The D. horns were blocked, the cars went around. The father explained to his son the structure of the bicycle. There is a spring under a high mountain. Natal..I drink cold, clean water. The sparrow..and sat on the tree..and lay..lived on the wings..I. The boys found a hedgehog under an old fir tree. The cold made my...b...sh...shrink. Caterpillars eat the l..l..dead leaves..I am an apricot.
2.Insert into sentences suitable words with separators ъ and ь.
1. Sasha ………………… pie. 2. To the house……………………………….. car. 3. In the spring, …………………………………… flowed along the paths. . 4. Ilya loves foam with …………………. 5. Birds…………………. . nests on …………………………………. and bushes. 5. It rains often …………………………….. in the fall.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word family.
Card 11
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
Dar..I hung the white..e in the door..re. Mom works in a t..e., she pays..e. With joy...on this holiday...our capital is Moscow. The wind ruffled the boys' hair. Dry, shriveled leaves... collapse and fall helplessly to the ground. In the calm, quiet twilight we went out to the railway crossing. Not far away, a rapid mountain stream roared with incredible force. Tousled jackdaws rushed along the wind. There is...a stitch that leads the traveler into the desert. If an eagle often beats its wings, then its wings break.
2 Write, opening the brackets.
1. (C) ate (c) the squirrel jumped. 2. The guests (c)ate a delicious cake. 3. The worms (pod) ate the roots of the cabbage. 4. The hare sat down (under) eating. 5. The car (under) drove (to) under (drive).
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word blizzard.
Card 12
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
Pine trees bathed in sunlight adorned the lawn. What does not pour out of a cup is what is not in it. A tall bush grew along the old fence. At night there was a strong frost... Delegates from all over our country came to Artek for the congress. The sonorous songs sing over the very unknown ones. Know how to distinguish edible fruits and berries from fruity ones. The radio announced that the plane was boarding. Back in the past... we went to the city... The boy explained to his friends how to... get to the park.
2. Come up with and write down 3 words of different parts of speech with the separator ъ with these prefixes: s-, under-, ob-, raz-, v-, ot-.
3. Make a phonetic analysis of the word housing.
Card 13
1.Write by inserting the missing letters.
Later in the fall...the squirrel changes his red dress to his gray winter coat. The detour was laid along the river bank. Residents greeted the announcement of the trip with joy..but. The court..I announced the results of the competition. Storo.. Il. I knew the hare.. and the fox.. and the tracks well. Cross-country skiing was announced on Sunday. The squirrel...and the skins were chalked...in the shade of the trees.. At Lukomor..I'm blown..green.
2.Write, dividing the words into 3 groups. Give each group a name.
Cotton, s.ezd, happy, in.south, teacher, boy, pal..to, white..e, ant..i, guest..i, tree..i, in..south, rise..em, lights..ki, postman..he, volume.. volume, liver..e, bag..capacity, letter..mo, boy..chik, under..drive, s..ate, monkey..yanka, rain... .
3. Do a phonetic analysis of the word roots.
These task cards for practicing the spelling of the separating signs b and b can be used at home, as training exercises, or by a teacher in the classroom to test students' knowledge.
I hope that this material will be useful to you.
I also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the Russian language cards for all spellings.
Sincerely, Olga Naumova
1.11. Use of letters b and b
1. Even in this situation, the surrounding nature was pitiful (Platonov). 2. Styopa, widening his eyes, saw that a tray was served on a small table, on which there was sliced white bread, pressed caviar in a vase, pickled porcini mushrooms on a plate, something in saucepan and, finally, vodka in a large jewelry decanter (Bulgakov). 3. One peasant once brought me a hound (Prishvin). 4. The battalion with which he walked from the fortress was in the ar..ergar..de (L. Tolstoy). 5. Father.. somehow shrank.. (Chukovsky). 6. The black magician is stretched out on some kind of enormous sofa (Bulgakov). 7. The artist was wearing only black and white and black pointed shoes (Bulgakov). 8. Eh, I hear..., hostess, what kind of person fell asleep at the table? (Arbuzov) 9. You are a suspicious person and you make a proto-death out of a molehill (Chekhov). 10. Something bad was happening in his little...ulcerated heart (Andreev). 11. And now.. they were asked to believe.. in the reality..nost.. of the new, sub..atomic world (Danin). 12. Everything seemed to him poorer, less, pitiful (Tynyanov). 13. Ved.. why does he want.. to be a general? - Because if it happens, you go... somewhere - the feld... rangers and adjutants will gallop ahead: “horses” (Gogol). 14. Matvey was struck by a simple and ingenious thought... and immediately, in his vehemence, he showered himself with a curse for not having come to him earlier (Bulgakov). 15. Brick... steps... led from the basement to the door... to the courtyard (Bulgakov). 16. Masons, reinforcement workers, carpenters, concrete workers (Kochetov) came to the factory yards. 17. How pleasant it is to wander... through the deep forest on a clear December or January day (Prishvin). 18. Silently, with a serious look, he... hung some bales of super...natural size on the horses (Rybnikov). 19. The gypsy wanted to burn this girl with a whip (A.N. Tolstoy). 20. Small, mousey donkeys were already being led to the entrances of the hotels (Bunin). 21. Among the full tables, here are old men in a row who were dining (Nekrasov). 22. What did Hermann, or what’s his name, tell you? (Pushkin) 23. With a new thought, he looked at this earthen hill, under which some small people also lay, having mixed up their bones, having lost their name and body, so as not to attract... more. There are no tormentors for you (Platonov). 24. He didn’t even know whether the sick people would feel healthy (Platonov). 25. From nearby groves.., from arable fields.. and pastures.. - joyful birds can be heard from everywhere.. and discordant voices (Prishvin). 26. A two-storey agricultural pavilion bent in a semicircle, decorated with wooden carvings (M. Gorky). 27. The battalions are marching rapidly (Surkov). 28. He laid Aidim next to his mother (Platonov). 29. The sheep lived together with the shepherd's dogs for several years (Platonov). 30. In the twenty.. third.. year I was sent on a long.. voyage.. on the boat “Brave” (Stanyukovich). 31. The uncle promised to clear things up with his nephew at the first opportunity (Goncharov). 32. And then the damned green... melted before my eyes, words began to be pronounced (Bulgakov). 33. Yesterday’s day...was molded from pieces...but still the anxiety did not leave the director Var..ete (Bulgakov). 34. Let..you settle accounts..with you (Bulgakov). 35. And you yourself rise..sya on everything to the addicted joyful sky (Lugovskaya). 36. At that moment the drunken screams of the guests were heard (Gogol). 37. She sat down at the piano and played several of his favorite dogs (Goncharov). 38. The upholstery on the seats in the first rows and on the bars... has long faded (Mamin-Sibiryak). 39. Here Styopa clearly saw some strange subject - long, like a pole... and wearing a pen...sleep (Bulgakov). 40. Chagataev lowered the woman’s head back to the ground and walked towards the wandering sheep. At first he walked as usual, but then, when the day.. began to cover.. with night.., he ran quickly forward so as not to miss.. the sheep.. in.. (Platonov).
