Russian speech etiquette
Yulia Golubeva
Russian speech etiquette
SPEECH ETIQUETTE
In a poorly educated person, courage takes the form of rudeness, learning becomes pedantry in him, wit becomes buffoonery, simplicity becomes uncouthness, good nature becomes flattery. Good qualities constitute the essential wealth of the soul, but only good manners serve as a basis for them.
(John Locke)
Etiquette is a set of rules of good manners accepted in a given society and establishing standards of behavior and communication of people in certain situations.
The word etiquette came into international use in the 17th century. During the reign of the French king Louis XIV, at one court reception, guests were given cards listing some rules of conduct. " etiquette " comes from the French name for these cards, etiuqette.
, which has entered many languages
(from the French etiuqette came the Russian
label ) .
The rules of communication are of a specific historical nature (they change in accordance with the socio-historical and economic conditions of life of the people, and also have national specificity (they can vary significantly in different countries)
.
Polite, respectful attitude towards others, which is the basis of etiquette , can be expressed non-verbal (non-verbal)
means: gestures, facial expressions, posture, movements, as well as
speech means . Therefore, it is customary to highlight speech etiquette .
Speech etiquette is a system of formulas developed in a given language that serve to establish contact between interlocutors and maintain communication in the desired tone.
Speech etiquette formulas are standard ready-made constructions that are regularly used in correct communication. Such formulas help organize etiquette situations (greeting, farewell, gratitude, apology, congratulations, consolation, sympathy, acquaintance, request, etc.) taking into account social, age and psychological factors, as well as the sphere of communication.
Ethical standards of speech culture ( speech etiquette )
Etiquette is a French word in origin (etiquette).
.
Initially, it meant a product tag, a label (cf. label , and then the court ceremony began to be called that way. It was in this meaning, especially after the adoption of the French ceremony at the Viennese court, that the word etiquette became widespread in German, Polish, Russian and other languages . Along with this word is used to denote a set of accepted rules that determine the order of any activity, the word regulation and the phrase diplomatic protocol are used. Many of the subtleties of communication represented by the protocol are taken into account in other areas of business relations. It is becoming increasingly widespread in business circles, especially recently business etiquette , reflecting the experience, moral ideas and tastes of certain social groups.
Business etiquette of speech etiquette are primarily taken into account . Under speech etiquette the developed rules of speech behavior and the system of speech communication formulas .
The degree of proficiency in speech etiquette determines the degree of professional suitability of a person. This primarily applies to civil servants, politicians, teachers, lawyers, doctors, managers, entrepreneurs, journalists, service workers, i.e. to those who, by the nature of their work, constantly communicate with people.
Possession of speech etiquette contributes to the acquisition of authority, generates trust and respect. Knowing the rules of speech etiquette and observing them allows a person to feel confident and at ease, not feel embarrassed due to mistakes and incorrect actions, and avoid ridicule from others.
Compliance with speech etiquette by people of the so-called language-intensive professions, in addition, has educational significance and involuntarily contributes to the improvement of both speech and general culture of society.
But most important: strict adherence to the rules of speech etiquette by members of the team of a particular institution, enterprise, production, office leaves a favorable impression on clients, co-founders, partners, and maintains a positive reputation of the entire organization.
What factors determine the formation of speech etiquette and its use ?
Speech etiquette is built taking into account the characteristics of partners entering into business relationships, conducting a business conversation: the social status of the subject and recipient of communication, their place in the official hierarchy, their profession, nationality, religion, age, gender, character.
Speech etiquette is determined by the situation in which communication occurs. This could be a presentation, conference, symposium; a meeting at which the economic and financial situation of a company or enterprise is discussed; hiring or firing; consultation; company anniversary, etc.
Speech etiquette has national specifics. Each nation has created its own system of rules of speech behavior .
A peculiarity of the Russian language is precisely the presence in it of two pronouns you and you, which can be perceived as forms of the second person singular. The choice of one form or another depends on the social status of the interlocutors, the nature of their relationships, and on the official - informal situation. Let's present this in the table:
You are YOU
1. To an unfamiliar, unfamiliar addressee 1. To a well-known addressee
2. In a formal communication setting 2. In an informal communication setting
3. With an emphatically polite, restrained attitude towards the addressee 3. With a friendly, familiar, intimate attitude towards the addressee
4. To an equal and senior (by position, age)
to the addressee 4. To an equal and junior
(by position, age)
addressee
Some people, especially those occupying a higher position than their interlocutor, use the form you when addressing, deliberately emphasizing, demonstrating their “democratic”
,
“friendly”
, patronizing attitude. Most often, this puts the recipient in an awkward position and is perceived as a sign of disdain, an attack on human dignity, and an insult to the individual.
In an official setting, when several people take part in a conversation, Russian speech etiquette recommends switching to you even with a well-known person with whom friendly relations have been established and the everyday address is ty.
However, is this necessary for all situations? Sometimes in television programs, when there is a conversation between a well-known TV presenter and an equally famous politician, scientist, or statesman on a socially significant topic, and the presenter, starting it, seems to consult with the audience whether he can address the interlocutor on a first-name basis, since they are related long-standing friendship and for them such treatment is more familiar, after which the interlocutors switch to familiarity. Is speech etiquette ? Is this acceptable?
It is believed that there are no rules without exceptions. Yes, such a transfer provides for the formality of relations between its participants. But TV viewers perceive it as something spectacular. Switching to you reduces formality, the conversation takes on a casual character, which makes it easier to understand and makes the transmission more attractive.
Knowledge of the peculiarities of national etiquette , its speech formulas , understanding the specifics of business communication of a particular country or people helps in negotiating and establishing contacts with foreign partners.
Any act of communication has a beginning, a main part and a final part. If the addressee is unfamiliar to the subject of speech, then communication begins with acquaintance. Moreover, it can occur directly or indirectly. According to the rules of good manners, it is not customary to enter into a conversation with a stranger and introduce yourself. However, there are times when this needs to be done. Etiquette prescribes the following formulas:
• Allow (those)
get to know you
(you)
• I would like to be with you (with you)
познакомиться.
• Let (those)
get to know you
(you)
• Let (those)
познакомиться.
• Let 's)
Let's get acquainted.
• Let's get acquainted.
• It would be nice to meet you.
When visiting an institution, office, office, when you have a conversation with an official and you need to introduce yourself to him, the following formulas are used:
• Allow (permit)
introduce yourself.
• My last name is Kolesnikov.
• I am Pavlov.
• My name is Yuri Vladimirovich.
• Nikolay Kolesnikov.
• Anastasia Igorevna.
If the visitor does not identify himself, then the official himself asks:
• How is yours (yours)
surname?
• How is yours (yours)
Name Patronymic name?
• How is yours (yours)
Name?
• How about you ?
name?
In many countries, business cards have long been used when meeting people. This began to be practiced here too. A business card will be presented during the presentation. The person being introduced must take it and read it out loud, and then during the conversation, if it takes place in an office, keep the business card on the table in front of him in order to correctly name the interlocutor.
The intermediary, determining the order of presentation and choosing an etiquette formula , takes into account the official position, age, gender of the bodies, whom he represents, and also whether they were previously acquainted or only one of them knows the other, has heard of him before.
Presentation can be bilateral or unilateral. The latter happens most often when those gathered for a meeting, meeting, some kind of celebration, briefing, meeting are introduced to the organizers of these meetings or those participants who are unfamiliar to all or part of those gathered. Presentation formulas:
• Meet me (please)
. Anna Sergeevna Zubkova. Anatoly Evgenievich Sorokin.
• I want (would like)
introduce you to.
• I want (would like)
introduce you.
• Allow (permit)
introduce you to.
Sometimes after the introduction, especially in an informal setting, the acquaintances exchange remarks:
• Very nice (glad!
• (I)
glad
(happy)
to meet you.
• (To me)
very nice to meet you!
Etiquette also determines the norm of behavior. It is customary to introduce a man to a woman, a younger person to an older one, and an employee to the boss.
Official and informal meetings of acquaintances, and sometimes strangers, begin with a greeting.
In Russian , the main greeting is hello. It goes back to the Old Slavonic verb zdravstavat, which means “to be healthy”
, i.e. healthy.
In ancient times, the verb “hello” also had the meaning “to greet”
(cf.: greet, as evidenced by the text of
the “Onega epic”
:
“How Ilya comes here Muromets, and long live he the prince and the princess.”
Therefore, the basis of this greeting contains a wish for health The greeting hello appears for the first time in
Letters and Papers of Peter the Great 1688–1701
.
Along with this form, a common greeting indicating the time of the meeting is:
• Good morning!
• Good afternoon!
• Good evening!
In addition to commonly used greetings, there are greetings that emphasize the joy of meeting, respectful attitude, and the desire to communicate:
• (Very)
glad to see you (welcome!
• Allow (permit)
welcome you.
• Welcome!
• My regards.
The greeting is often accompanied by a handshake, which can even replace a verbal greeting.
However, you should know: if a man and a woman meet, the man must wait until the woman extends her hand to shake, otherwise he only makes a slight bow.
The nonverbal equivalent of a greeting when those meeting are distant from each other is a bow of the head; swaying with hands clenched in the palms, slightly raised and extended forward in front of the chest; for men - a hat slightly raised above the head.
Speech etiquette of greetings also provides for the nature of behavior, i.e., the order of greetings. First to greet
• man – woman;
• junior (junior)
by age - eldest
(senior)
;
• a younger woman – a man who is much older than her;
• junior in position - senior;
• member of the delegation - its leader (regardless - one’s own delegation or a foreign one)
.
The initial formulas of communication are opposed to the formulas used at the end of communication. These are formulas for parting, stopping communication. They express
•wish: All the best to you (good! Goodbye!
•hope for a new meeting: See you in the evening (tomorrow, Saturday)
. I hope we won't be apart for long. I hope to see you soon;
• doubt about the possibility of meeting again; the separation will be long: Farewell! It is unlikely that we will be able to meet again. Don't remember it badly.
After the greeting, a business conversation usually ensues. Speech etiquette provides for several principles that are determined by the situation. The most typical are three situations: 1) solemn; 2) mournful; 3) working, business.
The first includes public holidays, anniversaries of the enterprise and employees; receiving awards; opening an office, store; presentation; conclusion of an agreement, contract, etc.
For any special occasion or significant event, invitations and congratulations follow. Depending on the situation (formal, semi-official, informal)
invitations and greeting cliches are changing.
Invitation:
• Allow (permit)
invite you to.
• Come to the celebration (anniversary, meeting, we will be glad (to meet you)
.
- I invite you (you)
.
If it is necessary to express uncertainty about the appropriateness of an invitation or uncertainty about the recipient’s acceptance of the invitation, then it is expressed by an interrogative sentence:
– I can (can I, can’t I, can I, can I not)
invite you to.
Congratulation:
• Allow (permit)
congratulate you on.
• Accept my (most)
heartfelt
(warm, ardent, sincere)
congratulations.
• On behalf of (on behalf of)
. Congratulations.
• From (all)
the bottom of my heart
(with all my heart)
.
• Cordially (hotly)
Congratulations.
A sad situation is associated with death, death, murder, natural disaster, terrorist attacks, ruin, robbery and other events that bring misfortune and grief.
In this case, condolences are expressed. It should not be dry, official. Formulas of condolences, as a rule, are stylistically elevated and emotionally charged:
• Allow (permit)
express
(to you)
my deep
(sincere)
condolences.
• I bring (to you)
my
(accept my, please accept my)
deep
(sincere)
condolences.
• I sincerely (deeply, heartily, with all my heart)
my condolences.
• I mourn with you.
• I share (understand)
your sadness
(your grief, misfortune)
.
The most emotionally expressive expressions are:
• What (big, irreparable, terrible)
grief
(misfortune)
has befallen you!
• How big (irreplaceable, terrible)
loss has befallen you!
• What grief (misfortune)
fell upon you.
In a tragic, sorrowful or unpleasant situation, people need sympathy and consolation. Etiquette formulas of sympathy and consolation are designed for different occasions and have different purposes.
Consolation expresses empathy:
• (How)
I sympathize with you!
• (How)
I understand you!
Consolation is accompanied by assurance of a successful outcome:
• I tell you (sic)
I sympathize, but believe me (but I’m so sure that everything will end well!
• Don't despair (don't lose heart)
.
Everything (still)
change
(for the better)
.
• Everything will be OK!
– All this will change (it will work out, it will pass!
Consolation is accompanied by advice:
• There is no need (to)
(so)
worry
(worry, get upset, upset, worry, suffer)
.
• You must not lose your composure (head, restraint)
.
• It is necessary (it is necessary)
calm down
(control yourself, pull yourself together)
.
• You have to hope for the best (get it out of your head)
.
The listed beginnings (invitation, congratulations, condolences, consolation, expression of sympathy) do not always turn into business communication, sometimes the conversation ends with them.
In an everyday business environment (business, work situation)
speech etiquette formulas are also used .
For example, when summing up the results of work, when determining the results of selling goods or participating in exhibitions, when organizing various events, meetings, the need arises to thank someone or, conversely, to reprimand or make a remark. At any job, in any organization, someone may have the need to give advice, make a proposal, make a request, express consent, allow, prohibit, or refuse someone. Here are the speech cliches that are used in these situations.
Expression of gratitude:
• Allow (permit)
to express
(great, great)
gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent
(excellent)
organized exhibition.
• Company (directorate, administration)
expresses gratitude to all staff
(teaching staff)
for.
• Must express to the head of the supply department (his)
thanks for.
• Allow (permit)
express great
(huge)
gratitude.
For the provision of any service, for help, an important message, or a gift, it is customary to thank with the following words:
• I am grateful to you for that.
• (Big, huge)
thank you
(you)
for.
• (I)
very
(so)
grateful to you!
The emotionality and expressiveness of expressing gratitude is enhanced if you say:
• There are no words to express to you (my)
Gratitude!
• I am so grateful to you that it is difficult for me to find words!
• You can't imagine how grateful I am to you!
– My gratitude does not (does not know)
boundaries!
Note, warning:
• Company (directorate, board, editorial board)
forced to make
(serious)
warning
(remark)
.
• To (big)
unfortunately (distressed, must
(forced)
to make a remark
(to reprimand)
.
Often people, especially those in power, consider it necessary to express their proposals and advice in a categorical form:
• You all)
obliged
(must)
.
• You should definitely do this.
• Categorically (persistently)
I advise
(suggest)
to do it.
Advice and suggestions expressed in this form are similar to orders or instructions and do not always give rise to a desire to follow them, especially if the conversation takes place between colleagues of the same rank. Inducement to action by advice or suggestion can be expressed in a delicate, polite or neutral form:
• Allow (permit)
give you advice
(advise you)
.
• Let me offer you.
• (I)
want
(I would like, I would like)
to advise
(suggest)
you.
• I would advise (suggest)
to you.
• I advise (suggest)
to you.
Making a request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive ingratiation:
• Do me a favor and do (my)
request.
• If it’s not difficult for you (it won’t be difficult for you)
.
• Don't think it's too much trouble, please take it.
• (Not)
may I ask you.
– (Please, (I beg you)
let me.
The request can be expressed with some categoricalness:
• Urgently (convincingly, very)
I ask you
(you)
.
Consent and permission are formulated as follows:
• (Now, immediately)
will be done
(completed)
.
• Please (I allow, I don’t object)
.
• I agree to let you go.
• I agree, do (do)
the way you think.
When refusing, the following expressions are used:
• (I)
I cannot
(cannot, cannot)
help
(allow, assist)
.
• (I)
I cannot
(cannot, cannot)
fulfill your request.
• Currently it (to do)
impossible.
• Understand that now is not the time to ask (make such a request)
.
• Sorry, but we (I)
We cannot
(can)
fulfill your request.
– I am forced to prohibit (refuse, not allow)
.
Among business people of any rank, it is customary to resolve issues that are especially important to them in a semi-official setting. For this purpose, hunting, fishing, outings are organized, followed by an invitation to a dacha, a restaurant, a sauna. In accordance with the situation speech etiquette ; it becomes less formal and acquires a relaxed, emotionally expressive character. But even in such an environment, subordination is observed, a familiar tone of expression, or speech “looseness”
.
An important component of speech etiquette is a compliment . Said tactfully and at the right time, it lifts the mood of the recipient and sets him up for a positive attitude towards his opponent. A compliment is said at the beginning of a conversation, during a meeting , acquaintance, or during a conversation, when parting. A compliment is always nice. Only an insincere compliment, a compliment for the sake of a compliment, an overly enthusiastic compliment are dangerous.
The compliment refers to appearance, indicates the recipient’s excellent professional abilities, his high morality, and gives an overall positive assessment:
• You are good (excellent, wonderful, excellent, great, young)
look.
• You do not change (have not changed, do not grow old)
.
• Time spares you (does not take you)
.
• You (so, very)
charming
(smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical)
.
• You are good (excellent, wonderful, excellent)
specialist
(economist, manager, entrepreneur, partner)
.
• You are good (excellent, excellent, excellent)
run
(your)
household
(business, trade, construction)
.
• You can do it well (excellently)
lead
(manage)
people, organize them.
• It’s nice to be with you (good, excellent)
deal
(work, cooperate)
.
Communication presupposes the presence of one more term, one more component, which manifests itself throughout the entire communication, is its integral part, and serves as a bridge from one replica to another. And at the same time, the norm of use and the form of the term itself have not been finally established, cause disagreement, and are a sore point of Russian speech etiquette .
This is eloquently stated in a letter published in Komsomolskaya Pravda
(01/24/91)
signed by Andrey.
They posted a letter under the title “Extra People.”
Let’s quote it without abbreviations:
We are probably the only country in the world where people do not address each other. We don't know how to contact a person! Man, woman, girl, granny, comrade, citizen - ugh! Or maybe a female person, a male person! And easier - hey! We are nobody! Neither for the state, nor for each other!
The author of the letter, in an emotional form, quite sharply, using language data, raises the question of the position of man in our state. Thus, the syntactic unit - address - becomes a socially significant category.
To understand this, it is necessary to understand what is unique about address in Russian and what its history is.
From time immemorial, circulation has performed several functions. The main one is to attract the attention of the interlocutor. This is a vocative function.
Since both proper names are used as addresses (Anna Sergeevna, Igor, Sasha), and names of people according to the degree of relationship (father, uncle, grandfather, by position in society, by profession, position (president, general, minister, director, accountant, by age and gender (old man, boy, girl, address in addition to the vocative function indicates the corresponding feature.
Finally, appeals can be expressive and emotionally charged, containing the assessment: Lyubochka, Marinusya, Lyubka, blockhead, dunce, klutz, scoundrel, smart girl, beauty. The peculiarity of such addresses is that they characterize both the addressee and the addressee himself, the degree of his education, attitude towards the interlocutor, and emotional state.
The given address words are used in an informal situation, only some of them, for example, proper names (in their basic form, names of professions and positions serve as addresses in official speech.
In the languages of other civilized countries, unlike Russian , there were addresses that were used both in relation to a person occupying a high position in society and to an ordinary citizen: Mr., Mrs., Miss (England, USA, Senor, Señora, Senorita (Spain, signor, signora, signorina (Italy, pan, pani (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia)
.
The words woman, man, which have recently become widespread as addresses, violate the norm of speech etiquette and indicate the speaker’s lack of culture. In this case, it is preferable to start a conversation without addresses, using etiquette formulas : be kind, be kind. sorry.
Thus, the problem of commonly used address in an informal setting remains open.
It will be solved only when every citizen of Russia learns to respect himself and treat others with respect, when he learns to defend his honor and dignity, when he becomes an individual, when it doesn’t matter what position he holds, what his status is. It is important that he is a citizen of the Russian Federation. Only then will none of the Russians feel awkward and embarrassed if they call him or call someone Mr., Madam.
Lesson summary on the topic Speech etiquette. 7th grade
Lesson summary of the Russian language in 7th grade on the topic: PARTICIPLE AS PART OF SPEECH
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
EDUCATIONAL:
familiarizing students with the grammatical features of participles; developing the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT:
compiling a coherent oral story on a linguistic topic; enriching the syntactic structure of students’ speech through the use of participles.
SIDE REPETITION:
Grammatical features of adjectives and verbs.
LESSON EQUIPMENT:
1.Computer and projector. 2. Handout cards on the topic of the lesson. 3.Tests for primary control.
“A participle is “a part of speech that is involved (i.e. close) to the verb, in the form of an adjective.”
V.Dal
“These verbal names serve to shorten the human word, containing the power of the name and the verb.” M. Lomonosov
1.ORG,MOMENT.
2. EXPLANATION OF NEW MATERIAL.
In the last lesson we completed reviewing the adjective and verb. Today we will get acquainted with the new concept of PARTICIPLE. (We use a tennis ball for explanation) A) I have a ball in my hands. -Name the characteristics of a ball: its shape is round; in size - small; by material - rubber, plush, shaggy... by purpose - tennis. -What parts of speech did we use for this. (Adjectives) -What can be said about these adjective names, what characteristics of an object - permanent or temporary - do they name? (Constant) B) Let’s perform (play) some actions with this ball. -What signs does the ball acquire? What ball? (Flying, falling, fallen, caught, rolling, jumping...) These are the signs of a ball by actiongggg: falling - falling (present); flying - flew (past tense) -What signs do we call permanent or temporary? (Temporary) -But in the future tense we can say - the ball falls (What ball will there be tomorrow?) We cannot name the future sign. -Why? (There cannot be a temporal sign in the future tense) (A table appears on the screen) 4 BALL Which one? Which? Round Yellow Small Rubber Plush Shaggy ADJECTIVES Falling (from fall - he falls) Flying (from fly - he flies) Jumping (from jump - he jumps) Fallen (from fall - he fell) Caught (someone caught) PARTICIPLES - Pay attention , that we can replace adjectives with a synonym (antonym) - an adjective (yellow-red), we can replace the participle with the combination “pronoun + verb” from which this participle is formed (flying - which flies). C) What is the difference between the attribute denoted by a participle and the attribute denoted by an adjective? LET'S CONCLUSION: the participle denotes an attribute of an object by action, manifested in time; it is not permanent. (A table appears on the screen) Signs of an adjective, verb, participle... ADJECTIVE VERB Denotes a sign of an object Denotes the action of an object PARTICIPLE Denotes a sign of an object by action SIGNS OF AN ADJECTIVE SIGNS OF A VERB 1.Which? 2.Gen. 3.Number. 4.Varies according to cases 5.Has a full and short form. 6.Agrees with the noun. 7. In a sentence - definition and predicate 1. What to do? etc. 2. Face. 3.Number. 4.Gen. 5.Returnability. 6.Time. 7.Pedestrianity. 8.View. 9.Inclination. 10. In a sentence there is a predicate. SIGNS OF PARTICIPLE5 1.Which one? What do you do? 7.Returnability. 2.Gen. 8.View. 3. Case. 9. Time (present and past) 4. Full and short forms. 10.Valid and suffer. 5.Number. 11. In a sentence-definition 6. Agrees with the noun. and the predicate - LET'S CONCLUSION: A) Which part of speech does the adjective explain? What about communion? (noun) B) How do adjectives change? Communions? (Equally, in numbers, cases) C) Listen to the conclusion of Peter Chesnokov: (Words appear on the screen) Here is my obligatory property: I bow, like an adjective. I answer all his questions. I remind you of the meaning of the verb. D) SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE: (Student at the blackboard) Frosts cannot bind the raging water element. -What parts of speech are definitions expressed? -Let’s read the epigraphs for our lesson and explain the meaning of each. -What “power of the name” of the adjective does the participle contain? -What signs of a verb does the participle have? 3. CONSULTING THE MATERIAL: A) Open the textbook on page 26, read paragraph No. 7. B) Now compose a story about the participle according to this plan (The plan is projected on the screen) C) (TASKS APPEAR ON THE SCREEN: 1- “THIRD TOP” 2-Match the adjectives and participles with nouns that are suitable in meaning. Highlight the suffixes of the adjectives and participles. ) D) Read an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” (Text on screen): Let us remember those who retreated with us, Who prayed for us. Those who fought for a year or an hour, Those who fell, missing or an hour, Those who saw them off, those who disappeared again, Those who gave us water to drink, Those who prayed for us.6 -Find the participles and determine their role in this passage. 4. PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE CONTROL. (Tests) 5.INDEPENDENT WORK. Exercise No. 43 + checking tests. 6. SUMMARY OF THE TEST AND LESSON. 7.D/Z7
Self-analysis of the lesson on the topic: Communion as a part of speech CLASS CHARACTERISTICS: TYPE OF LESSON - study, primary consolidation and control of knowledge. OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON: -to familiarize students with the grammatical features of participles; developing the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives. SPEECH DEVELOPMENT: - compilation of a coherent oral story on a linguistic topic; enriching the syntactic structure of students’ speech through the use of participles. ACCIDENTAL REPETITION: -grammatical features of adjectives and verbs. SPECIFICS OF THE LESSON - judging by the reaction of the class, the topic of the lesson caused certain difficulties for perception. LESSON STRUCTURE - 1.Organizational moment - mood for work activity. (1 min) Goals: Educational - organization (teacher - students) Readiness for the lesson Politeness (teacher - students) Educational - the ability to quickly tune in to the educational process Both of these goals should work to show interest in the subject. 2. Announcement of a new topic and conclusion on the previous topic. - Main stage (20 min) Triune didactic task - educational - to tune in to attention and perception of new material Educational - development of general educational skills: connect new material with previously studied Developmental - formation of motives for activity, development of coherent speech SUM - selection of material: Playing with a ball Cards-No. 1 table; working with a textbook; card No. 2 with a plan (for work on speech development); No. 3 game “Third Man”; No. 4 (difference between adjective and participle); No. 5 work with a poem - analysis. TEACHING METHODS: 1) collective - ball game (teacher-class), board-class. 2) individual - work with a textbook 3) in pairs (with cards)8 4) frontal - answers from the spot along the chain. STIMULATION AND MOTIVATION: 1) formation of interest in learning (selection of various materials and games) 2) formation of responsibility. PRACTICAL METHODS OF TEACHING: 1) game, 2) work with a board 3) work with cards 4) work with a textbook FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES: 1) whole class (with a board, game) 2) frontal (survey, answers to questions) 3) individual (textbook) 4) in pairs (cards) 5) listening comprehension WORK ON SPEECH DEVELOPMENT: During the entire lesson (checking the assimilation of new material) MOTIVATION FOR SUCCESSFUL ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE: - calm atmosphere in the lesson - use of encouragement methods - selection of various examples - game at the beginning of lesson 1U. Initial testing of new knowledge. GOALS: educational - independence, attention, accuracy Educational - identifying difficulties in mastering new material Developmental - development of logical thinking, science. (work with cards) U. CONSolidation of PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE AND PRIMARY CONTROL: GOALS: -educational - attention, highlighting the main thing, accuracy. - educational - testing the assimilation of new material. - developing - independence, thoughtfulness, logical thinking, self-control. U1. Summing up the results of the test and lesson. U11.Instruction on D/Z
