History of animation. Presentation. presentation for the lesson (grade 5) on the topic
Slide 1 History of cartoons Club “Press Center”, head Belokopytova I.A.
Slide 2 The word “animation” translated from Latin means multiplication. The term “animation” is used exclusively in Russian cinema as a synonym for the term “animation”. Translated from Latin, “anima” means “soul”. Hand-drawn animation is traditional animation and one of the oldest and most popular types of animation. It was with hand-drawn animation that animation in general originated. The work of a cartoonist at a skylight table.
Slide 3 Artists of all times and peoples dreamed of the opportunity to convey the true movement of life in their works. We find the desire of mankind to capture in drawing the movement observed in nature and life in the monuments of ancient times, when a primitive artist depicted various animals and people on stone or carved wood and bone. We find a vivid transmission of movement in the art of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece - in sculptural reliefs, in the paintings of the tombs and temples of the pharaohs and in the drawings decorating vases.
Slide 4 Devices for displaying moving drawings of the 15th century. - books appeared with drawings that reproduced the various phases of the movement of the human figure. Rolled up and then instantly unfolded, these books created the illusion of animated drawings.
Slide 5 In the Middle Ages, there were also craftsmen who entertained the public with sessions of moving pictures using optical devices like filmoscopes, into which transparent plates with drawings were inserted. Such devices were called a magic lantern or in Latin “laterna magica”. 1646 - Jesuit monk Athanasius Kirscher gave the first description of the “magic lantern” he designed - a device that illuminated an image on transparent glass. Since the 17th century, such performances have been held in traveling theaters throughout Europe.
Slide 6 1832 - attempts to find ways to revive drawings using special devices long preceded the advent of cinema. The young Belgian professor Joseph Plato built back in 1832 a small laboratory device - a phenakistiscope, the design of which is based on the ability of the retina of the human eye to save images (the name comes from the Greek word "phenax" - deceiver and the root "scope" - to look)
Slide 7 To observe changing phenomena in their true form, proceed as follows: bring the disk into a fairly rapid rotation, close one eye, and with the other look through the transparent strip formed by the rapid rotation of the slits at the moving object.” This is how Joseph Plateau describes his invention: “My device consists of a black cardboard disk with a diameter of approximately 25 centimeters, mounted on an axle like a wheel. Not far from the outer circumference of the disk, up to twenty holes were made in the form of radially directed slits. These slits can be about 2 mm wide and 2 cm long and should be made at equal distances from each other.
Slide 8 1832 - the same principle was used by the Viennese professor Simon von Stampefer as the basis for the strobe light. A “strobe” was the name given to a cardboard drum mounted on an axle. On the inside of this drum, on a paper strip, was a series of drawings (usually eight to twelve of them) illustrating the successive phases of human or animal movement.
Slide 9 In 1834, a zoetrope was invented, in which, like a strobe light, drawings glued to a tape moved. It was designed by the English mathematician William George Horner
Slide 10 In 1868, the English artist John Barnes Lynnett patented a filmograph - a special book where each page is a separate frame, and when quickly flipped through, the illusion of movement is created.
Slide 11 Graphic story in drawings based on the Russian folk tale “The Fox and the Jug.” In order for a drawn or three-dimensional character to come to life on the screen, its movement is divided into separate phases and then filmed.
Slide 12 Emile Reynaud borrowed the rotating drum of Horner's zoetrope and improved the mirror system of Joseph Plateau's phenakistiscope
Slide 13 James Stewart Blackton and Emil Kolya are considered pioneers in the world of animation.
Slide 14 Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, 1906 Blackton combined the art of graphics with film techniques (thanks to time-lapse photography), thereby opening the way to animation. The cartoonist begins to draw a man on a blackboard with chalk, after which the drawing comes to life and changes itself, without the help of the artist. The speed of the cartoon is 20 frames per second.
Slide 15 “Humorous phases of funny faces” by J.S. Blackton (“Funny Faces”) This cartoon was drawn with dark lines on white paper. The drawings were then printed onto a negative, which created an unusual effect - white lines on a dark background. The cartoon lasted only a minute and a half, but it required more than 700 drawings.
Slide 16 Blackton's Man Comes to Life When shown, the speed is 20 frames per second. “Phantosmagorias” by E. Kohl, 1908 One of the first cartoons was “Humorous Phases of Funny Faces” by J.S. Blackton, “Phantosmagoria” by E. Kohl.
Slide 17 The creator of the first sound, musical and full-length animated film is the American animator, film director, actor, screenwriter and producer Walt Disney
Slide 18 The pioneer of Russian animation is considered to be the artist and cameraman Vladislav Aleksandrovich Starevich, who in the 1910s in the film studio of A.A. Khanzhonkova developed a special artistic technique and technique for staging and filming three-dimensional puppet animation, which has been preserved in its main features to the present day.
Slide 19 In 1912, V. A. Starevich released parody animated films “Beautiful Lucanida, or the war of stags with barbels” and another called “Aviation Week of Insects.” These films featured puppets of various insects specially designed by Starevich, which, based on a soft wire structure, could move, change their shape, take different poses and perform a variety of movements.
Slide 20 In 1936, an animation studio was created
Slide 21 Initially, each frame was drawn separately, which was quite labor-intensive. To display a hand-drawn animated film on the screen for 10-12 minutes, it is necessary to make several thousand drawings identical in technique with different phases of movement. A cartoon is created from a sequence of pictures (frames). The frame rate may vary (in professional cinema it is from 12 to 30 frames per second)
Slide 22 Cycle of movements of a running man
Slide 23 The cycle of movements of a running man contains eleven main phases in the running of a deer; eleven phases can also be distinguished
Slide 24 But the ostrich’s walking consists of only six main phases
Slide 25 A brief history of cartoons https://multfilm.moy.su/index/ob_istorii_multiplikacii/0-6 1892 - E. Reynaud presented luminous pantomimes to the public, which marked the birth of the art of animation. 1906 - Blackton presented the first classic animated cartoon “The Humorous Phases of the Funny” faces.”1914 - W. McKay creates the cartoon “Gertie the Dinosaur.” This was the first cartoon where there was an interesting character who could think and feel. 1917 - Argentinean Quirino Cristiani creates the first full-length cartoon “The Apostle”. 1917 - The first professional cartoon in Japan - “The Story of the Concierge Mukuzo Imokawa” 1920 - A cartoon about Felix the Cat appears . This was the first cartoon character to achieve worldwide fame. 1923Foundation of the Walt Disney Company.1928 -The first cartoon with Mickey Mouse - “Aviation Madness”.1934-The first full-length Disney film - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”.1955-The first British full-length cartoon “Animal Farm”, which gained worldwide fame.1987- The first series of The Simpsons - the longest animated series in the history of American television. 1995 - The first full-length and entirely computer-generated cartoon, Toy Story, was released at the Pixar studio.
Slide 26 How to draw a cartoon on paper? You will need: a notepad and a pencil
Slide 27 To reproduce movements plausibly, one second of the cartoon must contain at least twelve frames.
MAGAZINE Preschooler.RF
HISTORY OF ANIMATION DEVELOPMENTAll children and adults love cartoons.
Together with the characters on the screen, we have fun and are sad, we feel sorry for them and rejoice with them, we learn good deeds. This is a whole world, without which now, at the beginning of the 21st century, it is impossible to imagine our lives. How did it all start?
It turned out that even ancient people tried to draw animals in different poses, in action, and archaeologists found this in Paleolithic rock paintings. Also on the Persian Cup found in Iran, there are five pictures of a goat jumping among the trees. Of course, these examples cannot be called animation, but they show people's interest in depicting moving objects.
More than 1,500 years ago, a form of visual art appeared in Asia - Shadow Theater. It used a large screen, which was illuminated from behind, and flat dolls, on thin sticks, with which they were controlled. Then the dolls were replaced with various three-dimensional dolls and even human hands... (showing shadow theater with hands)
Already in 1825, John Paris invented a very simple mechanical optical toy called TUAMATROPE. (show). Its principle is very simple. It consists of a small cardboard circle with two images on both sides. All that remains is to give it movement. Why does this happen? This is how the eye retains the impression of what it sees. This property of the eye is used in movies. There, too, more than twenty still pictures are shown every second. They merge and we see one moving image.
In 1832, Josef Plato designed the PHENACYSTOSCOPE device. This is a disk on which pictures are drawn; when rotated, this is the image obtained.
In 1833 W.D. Horne invented the ZOOTROPE, which is based on the same property of the human eye. Along the edge of the open top drum there is a ribbon with pictures, above which there are slits. When the drum rotates quickly, the slits merge and through them the “frames” , which form a short cartoon. We can say that cardboard tape became the prototype of film! This device can rightfully be considered one of the first capable of reproducing animation, still in a very primitive form. In this device, pictures can be viewed through a special window. Of course, this is not convenient, because each person has to look out the window individually.
Not surprisingly, the next logical step for inventive thought was to connect these devices with the Magic Lantern. This invention was made in 1853. invented by Baron von Uchatius. He was the first to successfully project images onto a screen. This was the prototype of a modern projector.
By the way, in 1868, the Englishman John Burns Linnet invented the CINEOGRAPH (display). The name is complicated, but in fact, this is something that everyone knows how to do and has probably done at least once in their lives. Individual frames were drawn onto sheets of paper sewn into a notebook. When quickly flipping through a notebook, the illusion of movement is created. I made my own filmograph, take a look. Cinematography has become a form of animation. Here's what we found on the Internet. 60 hours of work turned into a 20 second cartoon.
Further, in 1877, using the zoetrope as a basis, Emile Reynaud invented the PRAXINOSCOPE, the most advanced apparatus at that time. This device, like others, made it possible to see the sequence of drawings as a smooth movement. But the image had to be viewed through a series of small mirrors fixed inside the cylinder. Thanks to this, the reflected image remained motionless. Therefore, the picture was brighter and smoother. Let's see what it looked like. (show)
It turned out that this particular discovery had a great contribution to the development of the history of world animation.
Today, the official date of birth of animation is considered to be July 20, 1877 - this is the year the praxinoscope was created, with the help of which hand-drawn cartoons lasting from 5 to 15 minutes were created and demonstrated.
The main discovery in the history of animation was the invention of the Lumiere brothers - CINEMATOGRAPH in 1895. This is a setup for time-lapse photography of drawings, which made it possible to shoot cartoons.
On August 17, 1908, the Gaumont company showed the cartoon “Phantasmagoria” by French cartoonist Emile Cohl. This cartoon was created using dark lines that were drawn on white paper and then printed onto a negative, creating the effect of chalk drawing. As a result, more than 700 drawings were used to create the one and a half minute “Phantasmagoria”. It should be noted that the first cartoons did not have sound. But even such cartoons were received with delight by the audience. (view)
One of the first cartoons to be dubbed was “Humorous Phases of Funny Faces.” Let's get a look.
The history of Soviet animation begins in the mid-20s.
In 1929, the cartoon “Samoyed Boy” , which enjoyed success abroad and was later dubbed. In the 1930s, many film studios began making cartoons. Already in the pre-war years, we created our favorite cartoons “Limpopo, Barmaley, Moidodyr, Mukha-tsokotukha, etc.”
In the 50s, Soyuzmultfilm continued to produce films that were included in the golden fund of cartoons.
In Russia they were engaged in various animation technologies, including the creation of plasticine cartoons. Objects made from plasticine or clay were placed against the background of the scenery and moved between frames. This work is quite labor intensive. For a 30-minute film, approximately 21,600 stops would be needed to change figures. So, in 1981, the cartoon “Plasticine Crow” and many others were released.
Then, with development, a new type of technology appeared - computer animation, which has now become widespread. In 1995 Pixar released the first full-length animated film entirely on a computer, Toy Story .
In recent years, both world and Russian animation has made a huge leap in development in the use of computer animation, which is displacing all other technologies. The entertainment value of cartoons has reached unprecedented levels. 3D and sound effects create increasingly realistic images.
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Presentation “An interesting profession – animator”
#2nd grade #The world around us #Federal State Educational Standards #Methodological developments #Lesson #Primary school teacher #Intern student #School education #MK any
An interesting profession - animator
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WHO TO BE? We often think about who we would like to become and what we would be interested in doing in the future. There is such a profession - animator. And in order to make your own cartoon, you need to be a screenwriter, an actor, and an artist...
Animator Animators are artists who create animation. A cartoon is a movie where the main characters are drawn people or dolls. “Living Drawings” have been delighting not only children, but also adults for more than a hundred years. Previously, artists drew every movement of a man and filmed it. It took a lot of time. Now computers do it.
WHERE TO GO TO STUDY? Anyone who dreams of becoming a cartoonist will have to start with simple drawings, with elementary movements. The first thing a future animator should be able to do is draw well. State educational institution in Moscow - professional artistic lyceum of animation cinematography No. 333.
WHERE TO GO TO STUDY? In Moscow, animators are trained at the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after. S.A. Gerasimova (VGIK) You can take special short-term courses that will allow you to master the techniques of computer animation and modeling in a short time.
History of Animation The art of animation, the art of bringing life to life, began in ancient times. People back then weren’t very good at drawing, but they were already trying to convey movement in their drawings.
The beginning The history of animation began in 1877 in France. Engineer Emil Reynaud created an optical device with 8-12 figures, which, when rotated, created the illusion of the figures moving. <number>
Beginning Further development of this technology in combination with photography led to the invention of the movie camera <number>
Beginning Alexander Shiryaev in 1906 creates the world's first puppet cartoon, which depicts 12 dancing figures against the backdrop of stationary scenery <number> The first Russian animator
In 1928, Walt Disney created the most popular cartoon character in the history of animation, Mickey Mouse. Walt Disney was one of the first to introduce hand drawing techniques. In 1928, Walt Disney created the most popular hand-drawn character in the history of animation - Mickey Mouse. Walt Disney was one of the first to introduce manual drawing techniques. On paper, each subsequent movement had to be drawn completely from beginning to end <number>
Animator Alexander Ptushko became world famous with the first Soviet full-length cartoon, The New Gulliver (1935). This film mixed puppet animation and acting in one frame. <number>
Conclusion: Frequent changes of frames depicting sequential action is the main secret of all cartoons <number>
HOW THEY WORK ON A CARTOON FILM An animator 1) comes up with cartoon characters 2) makes sketches of the main scenes 3) works out the facial expressions and gestures of the characters 4) looks for interesting techniques that allow the film to stand out from the mass of others 5) does storyboarding (it helps to understand even before the creation of animation begins, what the cartoon will roughly look like) and the colors of the future film, the animation of the characters (works out their movements). Usually several specialists work on a cartoon, and each of them does their part of the work.
