Final test on life safety for the 8th grade course

Basics of life safety

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Basic concepts, terms and definitions

Key concepts: Fundamentals of interaction in the “person - environment” system. Dangers and their sources. Security, security systems. The emergence and development of scientific and practical activities in the field of human life safety in the technosphere.

Life safety is the science of comfortable and safe human interaction with the technosphere.

The subject of the science of human life safety is natural, anthropogenic and man-made hazards operating in the technosphere, and means of protecting humans from them.

The tasks of life safety science come down to:

• identification of technosphere hazards;
• development and use of means of protection against hazards;
• their continuous control and monitoring in the technosphere;
• training workers and the public in the basics of protection from hazards;
• development of measures to eliminate the consequences of hazards.

The goal of life safety as a science is to preserve human health and life in the technosphere, protect it from dangers of technogenic, anthropogenic, and natural origin, and create comfortable living conditions.

Many security systems are interconnected both in terms of negative impacts and means of achieving security. Ensuring the safety of human life in the technosphere is almost always inextricably linked with solving problems of protecting the natural environment (reducing emissions and discharges, etc.).

Man is born with the inalienable rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He realizes his rights to life, to rest, to health protection, to a favorable environment, to work in conditions that meet safety and hygiene requirements in the process of life. They are guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Life activity is daily activity and recreation, a way of human existence.

In the life process, a person is inextricably linked with his environment, while at all times he has been and remains dependent on his environment. It is through it that he satisfies his needs for food, air, water, material resources for recreation, etc.

Habitat is the environment surrounding a person, determined by a combination of factors (physical, chemical, biological, informational, social) that can have a direct or indirect immediate or long-term impact on the life of a person, his health and his offspring.

Man and the environment are constantly in interaction, forming a constantly operating system “man – environment.” In the process of the evolutionary development of the World, the components of this system continuously changed. Man improved, the Earth's population and its level of urbanization increased, the social structure and social basis of society changed. The habitat also changed: the territory of the Earth’s surface and its subsoil, developed by man, increased.; The natural environment experienced an ever-increasing influence of the human community, and artificially created household, urban and industrial environments appeared.

The natural environment is self-sufficient and can exist and develop without human participation, while all other habitats created by man cannot develop independently and, after their emergence, are doomed to aging and destruction.

At the initial stage of its development, man interacted with the natural environment, which consists mainly of the biosphere, and also includes the bowels of the Earth, the galaxy and the boundless Space.

The biosphere is the natural area of ​​distribution of life on Earth, including the lower layer of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the upper layer of the lithosphere, which have not experienced anthropogenic impact.

In the process of evolution, man, striving to most effectively satisfy his needs for food, material values, protection from climatic and weather influences, and increasing his communication skills, continuously influenced the natural environment and, above all, the biosphere. To achieve these goals, he transformed part of the biosphere into territories occupied by the technosphere.

Technosphere is a region of the biosphere in the past, transformed by people through the direct or indirect influence of technical means in order to best meet their material and socio-economic needs

The technosphere, created by man using technical means, represents territories occupied by cities, towns, rural settlements, industrial zones and enterprises. Technospheric conditions include the conditions of people’s stay at economic facilities, in transport, at home, in the territories of cities and towns. The technosphere is not a self-developing environment; it is man-made and after creation can only degrade.

In the process of life, a person continuously interacts not only with the natural environment, but also with people who form the so-called social environment. It is formed and used by a person for procreation, exchange of experiences and knowledge, to satisfy his spiritual needs and accumulate intellectual values.

Dangers and their sources. Security, security systems. The negative result of human interaction with the environment is determined by dangers - negative impacts that suddenly arise, periodically or constantly act in the “person - environment” system.

Danger is a negative property of living and inanimate matter that can cause damage to the matter itself: people, the natural environment, and material values.

Danger is a central concept in life safety. There are hazards of natural, technogenic and anthropogenic origin.

Natural everyday hazards caused by climatic and natural phenomena arise when weather conditions and natural light in the biosphere change. To protect against them (cold, low light, etc.), a person uses housing, clothing, ventilation, heating and air conditioning systems, and artificial lighting systems. Providing comfortable living conditions practically solves all problems of protection from natural everyday hazards.

Protection against natural hazards - natural phenomena occurring in the biosphere (floods, earthquakes, etc.) - is a more complex task, often without a highly effective solution.

Negative impacts on people and the environment are not limited to natural hazards. A person, solving the problems of achieving comfortable and material security, continuously influences the living environment with his activities and products of activity (technical means, emissions from various industries, etc.), generating man-made anthropogenic hazards in the living environment.

Man-made hazards are created by elements of the technosphere - machines, structures, substances, etc., and anthropogenic hazards arise as a result of erroneous or unauthorized actions of a person or groups of people.

Technogenic hazards are largely determined by the presence of waste, which inevitably arises from any type of human activity in accordance with the law from the unavoidability of waste or side effects of production. Waste accompanies the work of industrial and agricultural production, energy, means of transport, and the lives of people and animals. They enter the environment in the form of emissions into the atmosphere, discharges into water bodies, industrial and household waste, flows of mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic energy, etc. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of waste, as well as regulations for their handling, determine the levels and zones of the dangers that arise.

A person is exposed to significant man-made hazards when entering the area of ​​operation of technical systems, which include transport highways, radiation zones of radio and television transmission systems, and industrial zones. The levels of hazardous exposure to humans in this case are determined by the characteristics of technical systems and the duration of a person’s stay in the hazardous area.

Danger is also likely to occur when a person uses technical devices at work and at home: electrical networks and devices, machine tools, hand tools, gas cylinders and networks, weapons, etc. The occurrence of dangers in also cases is associated both with the presence of malfunctions in technical devices and with incorrect human actions when using them. The levels of dangers arising in this case are determined by the energy performance of technical devices.

The energy levels of man-made hazards increased significantly in the 20th century, when people had at their disposal powerful technology (Figure 1), huge reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials, chemical and bacteriological substances. As a result, the history of mankind has given rise to another paradox - for many centuries people have been improving technology to protect themselves from natural dangers, but as a result they have come to the highest man-made dangers associated with the production and use of equipment and technologies.

Figure 1. Energy levels that a person has.

Anthropogenic hazards have also steadily increased in the 20th century and continue to increase. Errors made by humans occur during the design and production of technical systems, during their maintenance (repair, installation, control), when control procedures are carried out incorrectly by the service personnel (operators), when the operator’s workplace is improperly organized, and when there is a high psychological load on operators of technical systems , their lack of preparedness and training to perform assigned tasks. Statistics show that unfavorable psychological qualities of a person are increasingly becoming the cause of accidents, reaching 40% of the total set of causes in some industries.

The human factor is increasingly becoming decisive when accidents occur in technical systems. According to ICAO in 1985-1990. about 80% of air accidents are associated with erroneous actions of airliner crews; 60-80% of road accidents occur due to driver errors; over 60% of accidents at high-risk facilities occur due to personnel errors.

Analysis of data on forced deaths shows that the human factor largely influences the occurrence of negative events in everyday life. According to statistics, drowned people make up about 8% of the total number of people who die a forced death every year, suicides - 19%, careless handlers - 0.26%.

The role of anthropogenic hazards in the social environment is also growing. One of the most common dangers is people living with HIV. In 1999, 3 million people died from AIDS on the planet, and the number of HIV-infected people reached 33.5 million. In Russia, the number of HIV-infected (registered) people by October 2000 was 56 thousand people, and the increase in their number reaches about 10 thousand people per year.

Currently, the list of actually operating negative factors (danger) is significant and includes more than 100 types; the most common and having fairly high energy levels include negative production factors. Of these, the harmful ones are: dust and gas contamination in the air, noise and vibration, electromagnetic fields, ionizing radiation, increased and decreased atmospheric air parameters (temperature, humidity, air mobility, pressure), insufficient and improper lighting, monotony of activity and hard physical labor, etc. Traumatic (traumatic) factors include: electric current, falling objects, height, moving cars and mechanisms, debris of collapsing structures, etc.

A harmful factor is a negative impact on a person that leads to deterioration of health or illness.

A traumatic (traumatic) factor is a negative impact on a person that leads to injury or death.

In everyday life we ​​are also accompanied by a wide range of negative factors. These include: air polluted by natural gas combustion products, emissions from thermal power plants, industrial enterprises, vehicles and waste incinerators; water with excessive levels of harmful impurities; poor quality food; noise and infrasound, vibrations; electromagnetic fields from household appliances, televisions, displays, power lines, radio relay devices; ionizing radiation (natural background, medical examination, background from building materials, radiation from devices, household items); medications with excess and improper consumption, tobacco smoke, bacteria and allergens.

The world of dangers threatening the individual is very wide and constantly growing. In industrial, urban, and domestic conditions, a person is usually affected simultaneously by several negative factors. The complex of negative factors operating at a particular point in time depends on the current state of the “person - environment” system. All hazards are classified according to a number of characteristics (see Table 1).

An incident is an event consisting of a negative impact causing damage to human, natural and material resources.

An emergency incident (ES) is an event that occurs short-term and has a high level of negative impact on people, natural resources and material resources. Emergencies include major accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.

All dangers are real when they can affect specific objects (objects of protection). Objects of protection, as well as sources of danger, are diverse. Every component of the environment can be protected from hazards. In order of priority, the objects of protection include: person, community, state, natural environment (biosphere), technosphere, etc. The basic, desired state of the protected objects is safe. It is implemented in the complete absence of exposure to hazards. The state of safety is also achieved under the condition that the hazards affecting the object of protection are reduced to the maximum permissible exposure levels.

Table 1. Hazard classification.

Security is the state of the object of protection in which the impact on it of all flows of matter, energy and information does not exceed the maximum permissible values.

The environmental friendliness of a hazard source is the state of the source in which its permissible impact on humans, the biosphere or the technosphere is observed.

Speaking about the implementation of a security state, it is necessary to consider the object of protection and the set of dangers acting on it. The actual security systems that exist today are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Security systems.

Based on the objects of protection, currently existing security systems fall into the following types:

• The system of personal and collective security of a person in the process of his life;
• Environmental protection system;
• State security system;
• Global security system.

Control questions:

1. The purpose of BJD as a science?
2. Define life activity?
3. Interaction between man and environment?
4. Define the technosphere?
5. Types of danger?
6. What is meant by a security system?

Main source: A short course of lectures on the subject “Fundamentals of Life Safety.”: A textbook for college students. // Compiled by: Kislitsina Z.V., Kolennikova O.V. - Omsk: FGOU SPO "OmKPT", 2008. - p. 156.

Glossary of terms and definitions

An emergency situation with an object is a combination of conditions and circumstances that create emergency impacts on objects.

Emergency rescue operations are actions to save people, material and cultural values, protect the natural environment in an emergency zone, localize an emergency situation and suppress or reduce to the minimum possible levels the impact of negative factors characteristic of it.

Biologically hazardous objects are objects where, in case of accidents, massive damage to flora and fauna is possible, as well as contamination of large areas with biologically hazardous substances.

The fight against terrorism is activities to prevent, identify, suppress, and minimize the consequences of terrorist actions.

An explosion is a process of energy release in a short period of time associated with a rapid physical and chemical change in the state of a substance, leading to a pressure surge or shock wave, accompanied by the formation of compressed gases or vapors capable of producing work.

Impact - 1) any flows of matter, energy and information directly generated in the environment or resulting from anthropogenic activities; 2) in relation to technical objects, this is an action aimed at an object and determining its transition from one state to another, changing its quality in one direction or another.

Unregulated impacts - impacts on objects of external factors with levels exceeding those permissible for normal operating conditions.

Geological processes are processes occurring in the lithosphere (geological environment) and resulting in changes in the structure, composition, state and properties of its constituent components (rocks, groundwater, relief and their inherent physical fields).

A geological hazard is the result of geological processes that occur in the earth’s crust under the influence of various natural and geodynamic factors or their combinations.

A hydrodynamically dangerous object is a structure or natural formation that creates a difference in water levels before and after it.

Civil liability is an obligation arising by law to compensate for damage caused to the life, health or property of other persons and the environment.

Life activity is daily activity and rest, a way of human existence.

Hostage is an individual captured and (or) held for the purpose of compelling the state, organization or individuals to perform any action or refrain from performing any action as a condition for the release of the held person.

Protection of the population in emergency situations is a set of RSChS activities interconnected in time, resources, and location, aimed at preventing or maximizing the reduction of population losses, threats to the life and health of people from negative factors, sources of emergency situations.

The area for conducting a counter-terrorism operation is certain sections of terrain or water area, vehicle, building, structure, structure, premises and adjacent territories or water area within which the specified operation is carried out.

Engineering protection is a set of organizational, engineering and technical measures aimed at protecting people and material resources from the damaging factors of an accident by sheltering them in protective structures accumulated in advance in accordance with established standards, as well as accelerating their creation when a threat appears.

A source of danger is a process, activity, or state of a certain volume of the human environment limited in a certain area of ​​space, which can lead to the realization of a danger and the emergence of negative impacts in the environment on people, technosphere objects and the natural environment.

Counter-terrorism operation is a set of special, operational-combat, military and other measures using military equipment, weapons and special means to suppress a terrorist act, neutralize terrorists, ensure the safety of individuals, organizations and institutions, as well as to minimize the consequences of a terrorist act.

Elimination of an emergency situation - rescue and other urgent work carried out in the event of an emergency and aimed at saving lives and preserving people’s health, reducing the amount of damage to the environment and material losses, as well as localizing emergency zones and stopping the effects of their characteristic negative factors.

Medical and biological protection is a code of organizational, sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures aimed at preventing or reducing the impact on people of the damaging factors of the accident, providing the affected with all types of medical care and their treatment in the accident zone.

International terrorist activity is terrorist activity carried out:

1) a terrorist or terrorist organization on the territory of more than one state or damaging the interests of more than one state;

2) by citizens of one state in relation to citizens of another state or on the territory of another state;

3) in the case when both the terrorist and the victim of terrorism are citizens of the same state or different states, but the crime was committed outside the territories of these states.

Monitoring (English, monitoring from the Latin monitor - warning) is a specific system of observation, assessment and forecast of the state and development of natural, man-made, social processes and phenomena.

Environmental monitoring is a system of observation and control carried out regularly according to a specific program to assess the state of the environment, analyze the processes occurring in it and timely identify trends in its change.

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Work program on life safety (grades 7-9)

Explanatory note

The life safety work program for grades 7-8 is based on:

– FGOS LLC;

– Approximate program of basic general education on life safety;

– Basic general education programs in geography: Fundamentals of life safety: grades 5–9: work program / N.F. Vinogradova, D.V. Smirnov, A.B. Taranin. – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2017, according to the basic curriculum of the MBOU Dyatkovichi secondary school for the 2019-2020 academic year.

The content of the program corresponds to the textbook:

“Fundamentals of life safety. 7-9 grades" N.F. Vinogradova, D.V. Smirnov, L.V. Sidorenko et al. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2018. The textbook complies with the federal state educational standard for basic general education (2010).

Main goals

courses are:

• formation of knowledge about the objects of study, education of value orientations, the ability to distinguish between negative and positive aspects of human life;
• condemn asocial phenomena in the surrounding world;
• fostering social activity, respect for the laws of the Russian Federation, individuals who measure their actions with moral values;
• development of the ability to reflexive actions;
• desires and abilities to strengthen one’s health, lead a healthy lifestyle, and counteract bad habits.

When studying the course, the following tasks :

• developing in students a model of safe behavior in everyday life, in the transport environment and in emergency situations of a natural, man-made and social nature;
• formation of an individual healthy lifestyle system;
• developing in students an anti-extremist and anti-terrorist personal position and a negative attitude towards psychoactive substances and antisocial behavior.

According to the curriculum, 35 hours per year (1 hour per week) are allocated for studying the subject “Life Safety” in the 7th grade, incl. 13 practical works, 1 final test.

According to the curriculum, 35 hours per year (1 hour per week) are allocated for studying the subject “Life Safety” in the 8th grade, incl. 11 practical works, 1 final test.

According to the curriculum, 35 hours per year (1 hour per week) are allocated for studying the subject “Life Safety” in the 9th grade, incl. 7 practical works, 1 final test.

To assess the achievements of students, the following types and forms of control are used:

• Individual survey
• Independent test work
• Test - the answer to a problematic question
• Working on individual cards or options

Forms and frequency of intermediate certification:

year - test.

Planned results of studying the geography course

Personal results:

• mastering social norms of behavior, social roles associated with unusual, unexpected and emergency situations;
• the formation of socially significant interpersonal relationships, value life attitudes and moral ideas;
• an emotionally negative assessment of consumer attitudes towards the environment and the emergence of antisocial behavior;
• having the ability to foresee the results of one’s actions and correct those that may lead to undesirable and/or dangerous consequences;
• sustainable desire and readiness for self-development and personal improvement.

Meta-subject results

are based on the formation of universal educational actions:

Cognitive UUD:

• use mental operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, etc.) to evaluate, interpret, generalize the information received;
• compare information on the same problem obtained from different sources (text, illustration, graphical representation);
• compare emergency situations, classify them according to the degree of danger to human life and health;
• search for information necessary to choose the right decisions in emergency situations related to everyday life, everyday school life, and individual natural and man-made incidents.

Regulatory UUD:

• plan your life and activities upon your own awakening, focusing on learning the rules of behavior in various situations;
• control your behavior, show the desire and ability to foresee the consequences of your actions and actions;
• evaluate extraordinary, emergency situations, identify errors in the actions of their participants, and outline ways to eliminate them.

Communication UUD:

• participate in dialogue (express your opinion, be tolerant of different opinions, objectively evaluate the judgments of participants);
• formulate generalizations and conclusions based on the studied material;
• make informed judgments about the rules of behavior in various emergency situations;
• characterize concepts (within the framework of those studied), use dictionaries to clarify their meaning and meaning;
• characterize the causes of events, draw conclusions about possible ways to eliminate them.

Subject results:

• explain the meaning of basic concepts (within the framework of the studied material);
• characterize public policy related to the prevention of various emergency situations and the fight against them (within the framework of the studied material);
• reveal the characteristics of the family as a social institution; characterize the factors of successful family relationships;
• identify factors influencing human health and well-being;
• reveal the features of organizing safe tourism, recreation, games and activities;
• classify and characterize types of emergency situations, features of each type;
• analyze and assess situations related to dangers to human health and life in the immediate environment and across the region;
• distinguish between different types of emergency situations (natural, biological, man-made, social); give examples of different types of emergency situations;
• anticipate the possible consequences of your actions and behavior;
• show a desire to resist the negative influences of the surrounding social environment, peers, adults;
• organize a regimen, physical activity, hardening, etc.;
• exercise reasonable caution in choosing places to play and using household electrical appliances;
• navigate the road environment, follow traffic rules;
• provide first aid in various emergency situations.

The student will learn:

• classify and describe potentially dangerous domestic situations and economic facilities located in the area of ​​residence; emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature, most likely for the region of residence;
• analyze and characterize the causes of various dangerous situations in everyday life and their consequences, including possible causes and consequences of fires, road traffic accidents (RTA), environmental pollution, natural and man-made emergencies;
• identify and characterize the role and influence of the human factor in the occurrence of dangerous situations, justify the need to increase the level of life safety culture of the country's population in modern conditions;
• to form a model of personal safe behavior in compliance with fire safety rules in everyday life; on behavior on the roads as a pedestrian, passenger and bicycle driver, on minimizing the negative impact of an unfavorable environment on health;
• develop a personal plan for environmental protection in places of residence; a plan for independent preparation for active recreation in nature and ensuring the safety of recreation; a plan for safe behavior in emergency situations, taking into account the specifics of the situation in the region;
• be guided by the recommendations of security experts on the rules of safe behavior in emergency situations of natural and man-made nature.

The student will have the opportunity to learn:

• systematize the main provisions of the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of security and justify their importance for ensuring the national security of Russia in the modern world; use examples to reveal the impact of natural and man-made emergencies on the national security of the Russian Federation;
• predict the possibility of dangerous emergency situations based on their characteristic features;
• characterize the role of education in the system of developing the modern level of life safety culture among the population of the country;
• design a plan to improve the individual level of life safety culture to protect personal vital interests from external and internal threats.

Subject content

Fundamentals of life safety grade 7 (1 hour per week, 35 hours in total)

Introduction. Why do you need to know this?

Why does a person need knowledge about life safety? Objectives of the subject life safety. What is an emergency situation, classification of emergency situations. Under what conditions can the negative consequences of emergency situations be avoided or at least reduced?

Healthy lifestyle. What it is?

Characteristics of the modern family as an educational institution.

What types of families are there (types of modern families). The family as a unit of society, a social institution. Functions of a modern family. Conditions for well-being in the family. Emotional atmosphere and family relationships. Respect for the child’s personality, the creation of a democratic style of relationships in the family is a guarantee of the emotional, mental, mental well-being and health of children.

What is reproductive health. The influence of the family on the health of the younger generation, its mental and emotional well-being. Social (public) institutions and organizations involved in protecting the life and health of citizens.

Basic concepts about health and a healthy lifestyle. Physical health and conditions for its preservation. Human mental health. Emotional well-being and human health. External signs of a healthy person: confident gait, correct posture, pleasant facial expression, activity.

Factors that determine a person’s physical health: heredity, ecology, living conditions, medical care, desire and will of a person. Physical culture and health.

Mental health and conditions for its preservation: a person’s awareness of his “I”, an objective assessment of his capabilities, abilities, success of activities. Adequacy of reactions to various life situations, the ability to self-esteem, self-government, taking into account social norms and rules; the desire to plan one’s life activities when life situations change, including emergencies.

Social factors that negatively affect a person’s mental health: social conflicts, instability in society, disruption of people’s relationships, etc.

The emotional health of a teenager and the conditions for its preservation: successful adaptation to a group of peers, a democratic style of relationships with adults and peers, an interesting learning environment, objective self-esteem, proper organization of life and activities, etc. Negative factors influencing the emotional health and well-being of a teenager: problems in family relationships, inability to communicate (make friends), unfavorable school climate, biased assessment of one’s “I”, etc.

Social health and conditions for its preservation. Conscious and voluntary acceptance of the moral values ​​of society and their voluntary implementation as a criterion of social health.

Practical work 1. Drawing up a hardening program

Practical work 2. Analysis of the “food pyramid”

Practical work 3. Diet planning

Practical work 4. Identifying the problem of excess weight

Practical work 5. Relieving tension from different muscle groups

Practical work 6. Development of volitional qualities

Man and environment

Unfavorable ecological situation and risk areas. Factors of unfavorable environmental conditions: air pollution and its causes. “Harmless air”, “polluted air”. Negative impact of human economic activity on air purity. Deterioration of water quality and its causes. Types of pollution in fresh water bodies: industrial pollution, household waste, chemicals used in agriculture, water transport.

The main factors influencing soil pollution and the consequences of pollution.

Man and the world of sounds: the influence of urban ecology on the health of the senses.

Practical work 7. Determining noise sources in the apartment

Dangers that await us
in everyday life.
Causes and consequences of fire. Fire safety rules. Rules of conduct in case of fire. Primary fire extinguishing agents. Safety precautions when using pyrotechnics.

Emergency situations in everyday life. Safety when using household gas and household chemicals. Rules of conduct when flooding an apartment. Rules for using electrical appliances.

Practical work 8. Rules for using gas and electrical appliances

Practical work 9. Construction of a fire hydrant and the procedure for using the fire equipment stored in it

Practical work 10. Design and procedure for using carbon dioxide and air-foam fire extinguishers

Reasonable precaution

Anticipating dangers when choosing a vacation spot. Attentive attitude to announcements of technical, environmental, sanitary services. Behavior on the streets of a populated area. Dangerous time of day. Precautions in the elevator and stairs. Rules of conduct during an attack.

Practical work 11. Psychological readiness to meet a criminal

Practical work 12. Using improvised self-defense items

Practical work 13. Behavior when an intruder enters an apartment

Dangerous games

Unexploded ordnance. Extreme sports and entertainment. The ability to foresee the consequences of one’s behavior, the ability to cope with emotions when choosing activities and entertainment.

Medical knowledge and skills

Reproductive health conditions: hygiene, knowledge of your body, risks of older adolescence. Proper nutrition. Products containing calcium. The value of consuming vitamin C. Diet: pros and cons.

Subject content

Fundamentals of life safety grade 8 (1 hour per week, 35 hours in total)

Dangers of nature

Forest is serious. Poisonous plants in our area, features of their effect on human health. Rules for collecting mushrooms to help avoid poisoning. Behavior in the forest when encountering dangerous animals. Actions that are dangerous during a thunderstorm.

Reservoir in winter and summer. Causes of dangerous situations on water. Actions in unexpected situations. Following the rules of conduct when bathing. Ability to relax on the water. Boating rules. Techniques for artificial respiration. Rules of conduct on ice. Extreme recreation on the water.

Practical work 1. Helping a drowning person, as well as someone who has fallen through the ice

Practical work 2. Techniques for artificial respiration

Modern transport and safety

Transport in the modern world. Emergency situations on the roads. Road traffic accidents. Causes and consequences. Violation of traffic rules as the main cause of road accidents. Dangerous games on the roads. Rules for safe behavior of pedestrians, passengers and cyclists. Traffic signs for cyclists. Behavior in traffic accidents. Dangerous situations in the subway. Rules of behavior at a metro station, escalator, and in a train carriage. Behavior in the cabin of an airliner. Fire on board the liner or other emergency situations: rules of conduct. Plane crashes. Train accidents: rules of conduct. Dangerous games on railway transport. Negative attitude towards them.

Practical work 3. First aid for bleeding and injuries

Practical work 4. Rescue equipment, actions during an emergency landing of an aircraft

Safe holiday and tourism

Types of tourism. Objective and subjective difficulties of a tourist trip. Group equipment for a hiking tourist group. Ensuring safety during tourist trips: types of dangers. Movement along the route, schedule. Rules for overcoming natural obstacles. Ensuring safety when crossing water obstacles. Rules for making a fire. Rules of conduct for a tourist if he lags behind the group. Distress signals. Tourism and environmental ecology.

Ensuring safety on a water tourist trip. Equipment for water tourism. Rules for safe behavior on the water. Knots on a hiking trip.

Practical work 5. Assessing the “job” responsibilities of a tourist in a tourist group

Practical work 6. Correct distribution of equipment between the participants of the hike

Practical work 7. Scheduling the movement of a tourist group along the route

Practical work 8. How to shelter from bad weather on a skiing and hiking trip

Practical work 9. Choosing a bivouac site for a tourist group in different types of tourism (water, ski and mountain)

Practical work 10. Drawing up and playing out a program of actions for a tourist in an emergency situation “lagged behind the group”

Practical work 11. Mastering different types of knots

Medical knowledge and skills

Burns. First aid for burns. Actions in case of poisoning with carbon monoxide, chemicals, pesticides. First aid for electrical injuries. Fractures. Rules of conduct in case of suspected fracture, first aid. Observe caution and attentiveness when providing assistance.

Bodily injuries in a road accident. Types of bleeding and first aid to the victim.

Plants dangerous for tourists. First aid for poisoning.

Subject content

Fundamentals of life safety grade 9 (1 hour per week, 35 hours in total)

When a person is his own enemy

Bad habits and their factors (obsessive behavior, gambling addiction, alcohol and drug use, smoking tobacco and smoking mixtures), their impact on health. Reasons for teenagers to start smoking. Negative effects of smoking on the body of a teenager. Physical condition of a teenage smoker. Alcohol is a personality destroyer: the effects of alcohol on the human body. Alcohol poisoning. Drugs are poison. The effect of drugs on the body: the collapse of a person’s personality under the influence of drugs. Substance abuse is a terrible addiction. Childhood gambling addiction is a painful condition that reflects a person’s uncontrollable dependence on the game process, an unjustified desire to eliminate their problems with its help. Self-education: preventing addiction to computer games.

Practical work 1. Study of the document: Federal Law “On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of environmental tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption”

Natural and man-made emergencies

What is an emergency: basic concepts. Classification of emergency situations (ES), their nature and features. Emergency warning system, general evacuation rules.

Natural emergencies and protecting the population from them. Characteristics of the most common and dangerous emergencies. Geophysical emergencies: earthquake as a geophysical natural phenomenon; floods, natural fires, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, mudflows, landslides, etc. Harbingers of natural emergencies. Behavior during natural emergencies.

Emergencies of biological origin and protection from them: epidemics, enzootics, epizootics (without necessarily mastering the term). Routes of infection. Ways to prevent infection.

Technogenic emergencies: causes and types. Safe behavior in man-made emergencies.

Practical work 2. Line of conduct in emergency situations

Practical work 3. First aid for injuries, bleeding, open bleeding

Practical work 4. First aid for chemical poisoning

Emergency situations of a social nature. National security of the Russian Federation

Extremism and terrorism. Extreme manifestations of extremism. Manifestations of terrorism. Russian legislation on countering extremism and terrorism. State measures to combat extremism and terrorism. Ways to reduce the threat of a terrorist attack. Personal safety in case of kidnapping or hostage taking (attempted kidnapping), when an unknown object is discovered. Behavior during an explosion in crowded places, in a residential building.

Practical work 5. Study of the document Federal Law “On Combating Extremist Activities”

Practical work 6. Study of the document Federal Law “On Countering Terrorism”

Practical work 7. General rules for first aid

Medical knowledge and skills

Smoking and its effect on the body. First aid for alcohol poisoning. Drugs: harmful effects on the body. Narcotic and psychotropic substances prohibited in Russia. External manifestations of substance abuse.

First aid for injuries of varying severity, in case of poisoning with chemicals.

What you need to know about influenza and other epidemics. Animal diseases dangerous to humans.

Emergency situations at hydraulic structures. Consequences of accidents at hydraulic structures and rules of conduct during emergencies. First aid for injuries caused by explosions.

Thematic planning in 7th grade

Thematic planning in 8th grade

Thematic planning in 9th grade