Complex of morning exercises in the plot form “Journey to a Fairy Tale”

Morning exercises as part of the educational process in kindergarten

All parents know the importance of doing physical exercise after waking up. But in modern life it is not always possible to maintain the correct daily routine. Admission of children to kindergarten begins at 7:00, and parents bring many children without exercise and without breakfast. Therefore, the approximate start of a weekday for preschoolers is as follows:

• 6:30–7:00 — get up, morning toilet at home;
• 7:00–8:10 — admission to the kindergarten group;
• 8:10–8:30 — morning exercises;
• 8:30–9:00 – breakfast.

What is charging for? - This is not a riddle at all - To develop strength And not get tired all day.

P. A. Sinyavsky

Morning exercises are designed to invigorate children and provide a positive emotional mood

Children should grow up healthy so that the necessary skills and abilities are easily formed and their abilities are actively developed. A healthy child is receptive to learning, understands the requirements of the teacher, and his natural interest in learning is strengthened. Therefore, exercise is a regular activity in kindergarten. The goals of morning (hygienic) gymnastics in preschool educational institutions are to preserve and strengthen the physical and mental health of preschoolers and create a positive emotional tone.

Doing exercises strengthens both physical and mental health - the child experiences positive emotions

Morning exercises are part of children’s physical activity regimen. It is a set of physical exercises for muscles and joints. Exercises for preschoolers are often supplemented with elements of breathing exercises and finger games. Morning exercises can be combined with hardening techniques. In addition to health-saving functions, exercise plays a significant role in the development of mental processes, communication abilities, and the expansion of cognitive interests. Morning exercises are one of the tools for raising a comprehensively developed personality.

In the process of performing exercises, preschoolers train attentiveness

Interesting fact. During exercise, endorphin is actively produced - the hormone of joy. It is responsible for a good mood and blocks negative emotions.

Table: tasks of morning exercises in different kindergarten groups

Doing morning exercises helps the body wake up

Types of morning exercises

Complexes of morning exercises are implemented according to general principles:

• accessibility: exercises and games correspond to the physical training of preschool children, explanations and demonstrations are clear;
• efficiency and benefits: exercise develops children, improves their physical condition;
• positivity: preschool children do exercises for a good mood; if the child is not inclined to physical activity (sick, upset), he is not forced to exercise.

For exercise to become a habit among children, it must captivate them and bring joy. To create sustainable motivation for preschoolers to do morning exercises, the teacher selects interesting exercises, conducts classes in a playful way, or uses unusual equipment. Let's take a closer look at what exercises are like in kindergarten.

General developmental gymnastics is a simple set of exercises, not united by any plot, aimed at stimulating motor activity. Performing movements, as a rule, takes place according to poetic texts or to musical accompaniment. Audio exercises are carried out in kindergarten from the first junior group; the melody helps children feel the pace of movements. Morning exercises can be performed with live accompaniment in the music room or using audio recordings.

Video: morning exercises “Pioneer Dawn”

“Pioneer Dawn” was familiar to all children in the USSR. Every morning, the cheerful voice of the announcer on the All-Union radio greeted the Octobrists and Pioneers. Pleasant instrumental music sounded and clear commands for movements were given. Currently, the activities of the pioneer organization are being rethought and reassessed; the movement continues to exist, preserving the time-tested methods of Soviet pedagogy. Classical exercises accompanied by upbeat music are carried out in kindergartens and schools.

Physical and play exercises can be combined by a theme in accordance with the work program. Thematic gymnastics in kindergarten is associated with the natural calendar and holidays: “Autumn”, “Winter”, “Spring”, “February 23”, “March 8”, “Cosmonautics Day”, etc. Songs, melodies, and poetic material are devoted to the general theme , attributes, role masks or caps.

Video: themed morning exercises “Winter” in the middle group

Plot exercises are a set of exercises united by a theme or built on a simple plot. Younger preschoolers love stories and poems about animals; “Bird exercises” and “Exercise about animals” are held with them. For older children, the complexes “Training of future cosmonauts”, “Atty-bats, we are soldiers”, “Sea voyage” are interesting. Exercises in story gymnastics are connected by a fictional story or an educational story: about the habits of animals and birds, about service in the army and navy, about the training of astronauts, etc.

Video: morning exercises “Journey to Murland” for children 3–4 years old

“Journey to Murland” is an excellent example of morning exercises for young children. The teacher prepared a set of exercises together with the music director: during exercises, wonderful rhythmic melodies are heard and songs are sung. The room is decorated with images of cats and plush toys. Mustaches are drawn on the faces of the children and the teacher. The children happily strive to get to a magical land, completing tasks for this purpose, and themselves “reincarnate” into kittens.

Morning exercises on beds and pajama exercises are exercises that are performed immediately after waking up. This type of charging is possible in 24-hour preschool educational institutions and five-day kindergartens, where preschoolers spend the full day, including staying overnight. Pajama gymnastics helps the whole body wake up: tissues and internal organs are actively saturated with oxygen - the muscles and brain become toned. They won’t say about a child doing gymnastics immediately after getting up: “They lifted him up, but they forgot to wake him up.”

Video: gymnastics after sleep in kindergarten

Awakening gymnastics is also carried out in the middle of the day - after a quiet hour. The same sets of exercises for the first and second half of the day are used - aimed at gently awakening the body. As shown in the video, it is correct to perform the exercises while listening to quiet, slow music. You can use audio recordings of natural sounds with instrumental accompaniment (bird songs, sounds of the forest, the sound of rain or sea).

Non-traditional exercises include gymnastic complexes using unusual equipment. These are homemade items from waste material: expanders, sensory mats and tracks, rattles, dumbbells made from plastic bottles. Under the supervision of a physical education instructor, exercises are carried out with elements of aerobics (on step platforms) and the use of sports equipment (mini-trampolines, treadmills).

Video: morning exercises on step platforms in the preparatory group

As we can see, the exercises are carried out by an instructor in the gym. The step platform seems like a simple attribute. But incorrect aerobic exercise technique can lead to excessive stress on the joints and even injuries. To carry out such exercises, consultation with a physical trainer is not enough; constant monitoring of aerobic activity is necessary.

useful links

The role of different types of gymnastics in

health protection of preschool children

Consultation for parents

One of the main tasks of the kindergarten is to protect and strengthen the physical and mental health of children and their physical development. This area includes not only teaching children basic movements and developing physical qualities, but also teaching children basic norms and rules of a healthy lifestyle. Solving this problem requires the interaction of educators and parents in different types of activities.

When working with children, such forms of physical development and health improvement of children in preschool educational institutions are used, such as physical education classes, physical education minutes, walks, outdoor games and various types of gymnastics.

What is gymnastics? Gymnastics is a method of physical development that helps strengthen the child’s body.

In our preschool institution we conduct different types of gymnastics with children.

1. Morning exercises

Morning exercises are carried out with children every day. Its duration is usually 5-8 minutes. As a rule, the same gymnastics complex is repeated for 2 weeks.

The main goal of morning exercises is to wake up the child’s body from sleep, increase the child’s mental and physical performance, improve his mood and prepare the body for the stress of the coming day.

There are several forms of morning exercises:

- traditional form using general developmental exercises with or without objects;

— plot gymnastics, in which exercises are connected by one plot;

— play gymnastics, consisting of 3-4 outdoor games;

- rhythmic gymnastics using dance movements and musical accompaniment.

2. Articulation gymnastics

Movement is necessary not only for the child’s body. Good mobility of the organs of articulation is needed, which helps to correctly pronounce various sounds. In kindergarten, articulation gymnastics is performed daily.

Performing articulation exercises is useful at any age, since clear articulation is the basis of good diction.

When performing articulatory gymnastics, you just need to remember that the movements must be clear, consist of several repetitions and be performed systematically, otherwise the new skill will not be consolidated.

The most mobile speech organ is the tongue. Therefore, in kindergarten, when conducting articulation gymnastics, along with other techniques, the “Fairy Tales of the Merry Tongue” technique is used.

3. Breathing exercises

During physical education classes, speech development classes, during morning exercises, and in free time from classes, breathing exercises are performed with children in order to:

— teaching children proper breathing, including speech breathing;

— prevention of upper respiratory tract diseases;

- saturating the brain with oxygen and improving performance;

- restoring breathing after physical activity.

Breathing exercises are a very simple and at the same time effective method that does not require special expenses. The only thing to remember is that breathing exercises are carried out in a well-ventilated area.

Breathing exercises for preschoolers are most often performed with poetic accompaniment.

At home, you can carry out both play exercises for younger children and use various objects for older children (cocktail tubes through which you can blow air, or lumps of cotton wool that need to be blown away).

4. Finger gymnastics

Another type of gymnastics performed in kindergarten is finger gymnastics, which helps develop and improve fine motor skills, speech development, preparing the hand for writing, and increasing the performance of the cerebral cortex.

Researchers from different countries have found that the level of development of children's speech is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine movements of the fingers. The following pattern was identified: if the development of finger movements corresponds to age, then speech development is within normal limits.

Systematic finger training exercises are a means of stimulating the activity of the cerebral cortex, which in turn promotes the development of thinking and sound pronunciation.

Work on the development of movements of the fingers and hands should begin from a very early age and be carried out throughout preschool childhood.

Types of finger games:

• Folk nursery rhymes: “The White-sided Magpie”, “Ladushki-Ladushki”, “This Finger” for young children;
• Games with speech accompaniment (poems);
• Games with small objects (putting small objects into containers with your fingers, stringing beads on a cord, various fasteners, lacing, etc.);
• Games with kinetic sand;
• Finger Theater.

At first, children have difficulty performing many exercises. Therefore, exercises are practiced gradually and are first performed by children passively, with the help of adults, and then independently. Children generally enjoy playing finger games.

5. Gymnastics for the eyes

The strain on the eyes of a modern child is enormous. This includes a TV, a computer, a cell phone, and other entertaining technical toys, without which a modern little person cannot imagine his life. And the child’s eyes rest only during sleep.

Therefore, eye gymnastics is useful for children of any age in order to prevent visual impairment. In addition, by doing eye exercises with your child, you can relieve visual fatigue.

There are several methods for performing visual gymnastics. At home you can perform such simple methods with your child as:

• Verbal instructions. This is a set of exercises based on simple rhymes that contain instructions for action. In this playful form, the baby will be happy to perform exercises.
• A visual simulator is a bright, large object that an adult moves in space, and the child follows these movements with his eyes alone. This method is used for older children.

6. Psycho-gymnastics

The modern world is filled with stress. And children are most susceptible to stress. Currently, the load on children is constantly increasing, and the amount of rest and emotional and motor relaxation is decreasing. Therefore, children are increasingly experiencing fatigue, short temper, irritability, and aggressiveness. This is where psycho-gymnastics comes to the rescue.

Psycho-gymnastics is special classes aimed at reducing emotional stress, correcting the mood and behavior of children.

These activities are especially needed for children who are excessively tired, restless, or have a quick-tempered or withdrawn character. But it is no less important to perform these sets of exercises with healthy children as a form of psychophysical relaxation and prevention.

Psycho-gymnastics is primarily aimed at teaching elements of the technique of expressive movements and acquiring skills in self-relaxation.

In preschool age, the following psychogymnastics exercises are used:

• Games with a change in the nature of movements (for example, the low-mobility game “Owl”);
• Exercises to develop the ability to alternate muscle tension and relaxation (for example, “Sun and Cloud”);

The sun has gone behind the cloud,

It became chilly and dark. (We cringe, hugging ourselves by the shoulders.)

The sun came out from behind a cloud,

We will now relax our arms. (Straighten your shoulders, relax)

• Sketches for imitation of emotional states (for example, after reading the fairy tale “Masha and the Bear,” an adult asks the child to portray an angry bear, to show how scared Mashenka was when she saw him, how happy her grandparents were about Mashenka’s return),
• Relaxation exercises (for example, “Sleeping Kitten”: the child plays the role of a kitten that lies down on the mat and falls asleep)

7. Invigorating gymnastics, or awakening gymnastics after a nap.

This is a set of activities that facilitate the transition of children from sleep to wakefulness. Invigorating gymnastics helps the child’s body wake up, improves mood, and improves muscle tone.

The complex of invigorating gymnastics includes breathing exercises, simple self-massage and exercises for the prevention of postural disorders and flat feet.

It is carried out on beds and combined with hardening procedures (air baths). Ends with walking barefoot on the floor or massage paths.

In kindergarten, invigorating gymnastics is performed daily for 5-7 minutes. The teacher begins to conduct it with the awakened children, the rest join as they wake up.

Working to protect and strengthen the health of our children with the help of various health-saving technologies is the common concern of all adults - teachers and parents.

Methodology for morning exercises in kindergarten

Morning exercises are carried out by the teacher according to pre-compiled complexes. Physical exercises and outdoor games are consistent with the physical development program: children perform familiar movements and are not taught new games during exercise. Gymnastic complexes include:

• general developmental exercises for large and small muscles;
• breathing exercises and exercises to strengthen the cardiovascular system;
• drills and games: formation, formation, turns.

For each kindergarten group, 10–12 sets of morning exercises are planned. They are repeated throughout the school year with gradual complication of the exercises, supplemented with new images, poetic texts, and music.

Morning exercises include drill exercises, for example, formation in columns

Table: stages of morning exercises

While performing gymnastic exercises, children work out various muscle groups.

Recommendations for charging

Morning exercises are carried out in a spacious, bright room - in a group, music or gym. The room is well ventilated before the lesson begins. The teacher and students wear comfortable clothes and shoes, preferably sportswear. Gymnastics after waking up (in 24-hour gardens) is carried out without first changing clothes - next to the beds, in pajamas or T-shirts.

Clothes for exercise should be comfortable, the same sports uniform on students looks aesthetically pleasing

In the warm season, morning exercises are recommended to be done in the fresh air - on a group site. The nature and intensity of the exercises are selected by the teacher in accordance with the temperature and clothing of the children: the colder it is outside, the more active the physical activity. In autumn, with the onset of frost and winter, exercises are carried out outside with sufficiently prepared children for the purpose of hardening.

During the warm season, the teacher and children perform morning exercises at the preschool site

The teacher does exercises together with younger preschoolers: children repeat the movements of the adult. Starting from the middle group, the teacher gives a verbal description of the exercises, draws attention to difficult movements and demonstrates the technique. Children 4–7 years old do morning exercises on their own (unless a lesson with special unfamiliar equipment/simulators is provided). One of the students is selected to demonstrate the movements. The teacher monitors all children’s exercises and corrects technical errors in movements individually. The teacher does a separate exercise with the children when he feels the need to remind them of the movements (for example, based on the name of the exercise, the children did not remember all the movements or they confuse the order of actions).

Senior preschoolers perform gymnastic exercises without the instructor demonstrating the movements

During morning exercises, the teacher uses oral counting and verbal instructions, alternates them, thereby asking ri, “right-right, left-left” (bending the body). When the instructor becomes an observer, he must continue to count (this cannot be entrusted to the child demonstrating the movements). In older groups, gestures are added to verbal instructions: moving the hand down - the children squat down, hand up - they stand in the starting position.

For different age groups, exercises are selected that are accessible to all children. They begin to complete each task simultaneously, counting with verbal instructions. The younger ones finish performing and rest, the older ones do additional approaches to count.

When one of the students demonstrates the movements, the rhythm of the exercise is set by the teacher using mental counting.

Table: examples of thematic complexes for different age groups

Duration of morning exercises

The total duration of the exercise (from the signal to gather to the command to disperse after gymnastics) is determined by the age of the children:

• in the first younger group - 4–5 minutes;
• in the second youngest - 5–6 minutes;
• on average - 6–8 minutes;
• in the older ones - 8–10 minutes;
• in the preparatory room - 10–12 minutes.

The pace of morning exercises is high. As little time as possible is allocated for demonstrating movements, verbal instructions, and distributing attributes. The older the students, the shorter the interval between exercises.

The distribution of equipment should take a minimum of time, so simple items for charging are selected (for example, a rope with a load)

Table: approximate time plan for morning exercises “Barbariki” in the first junior group

Table: approximate time plan for morning exercises “SDA” in the senior group

Table: summary of the exercise “Morning exercises with the cat Leopold” (fragment)

Text material for morning exercises in preschool educational institutions

Like any type of children's activity, exercise is accompanied by verbal creativity. Children's folklore exists in outdoor games and morning exercises in the form of short rhythmic texts. With their help, preschoolers invite their friends to exercise, encourage them to do productive work, accompany marching, greet each other and say goodbye.

Morning exercises, unfortunately, exist as an activity organized by an adult. Rhymes and mottos are passed down not from child to child, but from a teacher or parent to the younger generation. Therefore, in kindergarten, the teacher encourages children to memorize and repeat texts so that one day they can use them in doing gymnastics with their children.

Cheers for exercises can be used in the design of a sports corner in a group

Examples of chants for morning exercises in kindergarten:

• In order to grow and harden, not by the day, but by the hour, we need to do physical education.
• Accustom yourself to order, do exercises every day. Laugh, laugh more, you will be healthier.
• Everyone knows, everyone understands that it’s nice to be healthy. You just need to know how to become healthy.
• Let them fly to our room. All the snowflakes are white! We're not cold at all - We've done our exercises.
• The tough kids came out onto the playground. The tough kids did their exercises.
• Exercise is useful for everyone, Everyone needs exercise. She saves us from laziness and illness.
• Do exercises every day: fatigue, lethargy, laziness will go away.
• If someone runs away from exercise without looking back, He will not become a real strongman!

Children love sayings. Saying or shouting the motto in chorus is fun, at least. And most importantly, there is a sense of group cohesion, thanks not only to the phrase spoken by everyone together, but also to work towards a common important goal - maintaining health.

Table: examples of thematic poems for exercises (compiled based on open access materials)

Card file of breathing exercises for children

A teacher or educator should prepare the groundwork - make a card index of exercises suitable for the age of the child in kindergarten. The same applies to parents. You can create several sets of exercises that will not be repeated for 2-4 days.

Some play exercises for children in the younger group of kindergarten (from 2 years old):

• Diver. You need to imagine yourself as a diver and hold your breath for as long as possible.
• Basin with a boat. Fill a container with water, launch a light boat and ask the child to blow so that the ship reaches the other shore.
• Blow on the toy windmill to make it spin.
• Smell a toy flower (inhale through your nose and exhale through your mouth, making a long exhalation “aaaaah!”). An analogue is “Rose and Dandelion” (smell the rose and blow on the dandelion).
• Blow confetti or other small items from your palm.
• Blow on a burning candle so as not to blow it out, but the flame sways (it is better to do it at home with 1-2 children, and not in a preschool with a large number). By the way, a vivid analogue of this exercise is ordinary soap bubbles.

For children 4-5 years old, more complex play exercises are suitable:

• Hamster. Ask your preschooler to puff out his cheeks, walk around with them, and then clap his hands on them and release the air. And breathe a little more through your nose, as if sniffing out delicious food.
• The Dragon. I’m not exactly sure that dragons breathe like that, but it’s difficult to verify this point. Let the child imagine himself as a baby dragon who breathes alternately through different nostrils (you need to close and open one or the other).
• We throw the ball (on the street). The child is standing, arms with the ball are raised. You need to inhale, throw the ball forward as you exhale and say a long “oooooh!”
• Game and simulation exercises (playing the trumpet, haymaking, airplanes, chickens, etc.).
• Children of the older group (6-7 years old) can easily master general strengthening gymnastics by Strelnikova, Tolkachev, plot exercises or to lengthen exhalation. There are detailed descriptions of the exercises. Videos showing gymnastics to preschoolers will help you understand better.

Visual materials for morning exercises

In order to create positive motivation for performing gymnastics, thematic pictures, toys, and decorative elements are used. The objects most often attractive to preschoolers are used during gymnastics in younger groups - with their help, children are more easily involved in a play situation. It is important to consider that children’s attention will first concentrate on toys and bright images, so there should be few visual materials. The teacher gives the children time to look at the attributes. Kids can be told that after a productive workout they will be able to play with the figures.

The above video of the exercise “Journey to Murland” perfectly shows how to decorate the space of the gym with thematic objects - interestingly and without overloading the attention of the kids.

As the children master general strengthening exercises, the teacher turns to wall posters. It is recommended to have sets of printed diagrams with exercises for different age groups in the sports corner. You can study the posters as a reminder of the order of movements of the exercise and the technique of execution.

Gallery: morning exercise complexes in pictures

Each row of pictures represents a diagram of the exercises

The poster schematically shows the order of performing exercises with a ball and hoop.

A wall poster reminds children of the starting position, procedure and motor technique of the “Clapping” exercise.

The poster will remind the children what starting position to take and how to exercise with cubes.

The image of a funny character on the poster will attract the attention of the youngest pupils

Doing exercises by repeating the cat's movements is much more fun.

The diagram for a separate exercise can be used to explain the technique in the middle and high groups (instead of showing it to the teacher)