Speech motor gymnastics as a means of speech correction in preschool children

Presentation “Kinesiological exercises as a type of health-saving technologies”

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What is it, application

Interesting! Hippocrates laid the foundations of the science of kinesiology in our time, proposing a theory about the body as an integral structure that constantly interacts with the external environment.

Kinesiology exercise

However, the true founder of science is considered to be Asclepiades, who lived more than two thousand years ago in Ancient Greece.

The interaction of the hemispheres is required for the successful functioning of the child’s brain. The hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum. It consists of approximately two hundred million nerve fibers woven together. The maturation of the corpus callosum begins in children in preschool age and continues until approximately 7-9 years, depending on the individual characteristics of the child. An imbalance in the functioning of the corpus callosum leads to deterioration in memory, concentration and other problems in the development of the child.

Interesting! This problem can be caused by factors such as the child's delayed maturation or the result of stress.

The benefits of kinesiological gymnastics for children

Kinesiological exercises for preschool children will help normalize brain function and establish connections between the cerebral hemispheres. They will also ensure resistance to stress, good memory and the full development of the child in the future. Under their influence, the child will achieve significant improvements in learning and will be able to learn to manage his emotions. The more intense the load, the more significant the results will be. These exercises will help you see the child’s abilities and talents and eliminate developmental problems. The abilities of the brain will expand and the productivity of its work will increase.

Kinesiological massage

What are these exercises used for?

Kinesiology can be called a kind of fusion of the theory and practice of physiotherapy, naturopathy, acupuncture, homeopathy, oriental medicine, chiropractic and other areas of knowledge about our health. It is based on improving the interaction of the brain hemispheres, which leads to overall harmonization in the functioning of body systems.

Using kinesiology exercises allows you to:

improve health;
increase tone;
reduce fatigue, fatigue and irritability;
improve psycho-emotional state;
reduce excessive activity;
increase concentration and mental performance;
improve memory;
stimulate the development of hearing and speech;
improve attention and thinking;
develop perception, spatial concepts, imagination.

From this we can conclude that kinesiological exercises for preschoolers are no less useful than for adults. Especially for children with various problems (mental disorders, delays in general or speech development, hyperactivity, etc.). With systematic exercise, children become more active, smart, energetic, learn to control their mental processes (negative behavior, irritability, low volition, excitability), improve speech and motor skills, and concentrate better.

Due to such a broad effect, this technique is used by a variety of specialists:

teachers;
pediatricians;
psychologists;
neuropsychologists;
defectologists;
speech therapists.

There are many different exercises to help solve specific problems. Kinesiology in speech therapy, for example, includes the following techniques:

exercises for general motor activity;
articulation gymnastics;
games for the perception and differentiation of sounds and noises;
games to improve coordination between the right, left hand, tongue, eyes;
breathing games;
exercises to consolidate spatial concepts (right, left, in front, behind; closer than; to the right, etc.);
exercises to develop arbitrariness;
finger games.

Set of exercises

Kinesitherapy exercises for young children are very simple to perform; any child, even 2-3 or 3-4 years old and older, will be able to perform them without much difficulty.

Card file of conversations in the preparatory group in the morning

Important! Development will be noticeable only if the work is directed from the development of the child’s body to his thinking, and in no case vice versa.

Breathing exercises

Breathing exercises will help develop self-control and improve the respiratory system:

Candle. The starting position is sitting at the table. The preschooler must imagine that there is a candle in front of him. Then you need to take a big breath and try to blow out the flame of an imaginary candle with a single exhalation. After this, the child needs to imagine 5 small candles in front of him and also try to take a huge breath and blow them out by alternating exhalations.
Diver. The starting position is standing. Take a deep breath and hold your breath, holding your nose with your fingers. Sit down, imagining that he is diving into the sea. Then count to five, stand up (emerge from the water), remove your hands from your nose and exhale slowly.
Breathing through the nose. The starting position is standing or lying on your back. Alternately breathe only through the left and then through the other nostril, closing it with the finger of the hand of the same name, the remaining fingers should point their tips upward. Breathing during this exercise should be measured and deep.

Blowing out a candle

Oculomotor exercises

This type of warm-up will improve your vision, visual and kinesthetic perception of the world around you:

The traveler's eye. The teacher places several pictures in different corners of the room. These can be images of animals, plants, toys, etc. The starting position is standing. The preschooler must, without shaking his head, find with his eyes the picture that the teacher names.
Eight. Raise your right hand to eye level, clenching your fingers into a fist (the third and second fingers are extended). Draw a large horizontal figure eight (or infinity sign) in front of you. Next, use your tongue, that is, repeat the movement of your fingers with your tongue outstretched together with your eyes.

Eye movement

Bodily exercises

Flashlight. Put your hands in front of you. Alternately squeeze the fingers of one hand without using the other. Then change hands. Repeat for two minutes.
Ring. Rotate your fingers alternately and as intensely as possible, connecting the thumb with the index, middle, ring and little fingers, forming a ring. First move in one direction, then in the other. Later, you can complicate the task by performing the exercise with all hands at the same time.
Fist-rib-palm. Clench your palm into a fist, unclench it and place your straightened hand with a bent finger on the end, straighten your palm completely and place it on a horizontal surface. Repeat 4-5 times.
Mill. Simultaneous rotation of opposite arms and legs back and forth. Perform together with gaze turns in all directions alternately. Repeat for 1-2 minutes.
Lezginka exercise for children. The left hand is bent into a fist, one finger points to the left, the fist is turned towards itself. Straighten your right palm and touch it to the little finger of your left hand. Then change hands.

What is the artistic and aesthetic development of preschool children

Kinesiological exercises for preschoolers: goals of tasks from the card index

Kinesiological gymnastics for preschoolers includes:

breathing exercises;
some types of massages;
oculomotor exercises for preschoolers;
corrective movements of the fingers and body.

Interesting! Exercises can ensure harmony and proper functioning of the child’s body.

The following are some of the tasks that can be achieved using this technique:

improving the child’s memory;
increased concentration;
full development of hearing and speech;
mental performance;
increasing the tone of the whole body;
reduction of fatigue and irritability;
strengthening physical and psycho-emotional health;
development of kinesthetic perception;
resistance to stress;
synchronization of the hemispheres;
development of fine motor skills;
elimination of dyslexia;
formation of spatial orientation;
facilitating reading and writing.

Breathing through the nose

Kinesiology: exercises for children at home

Is it possible to do kinesiological gymnastics at home? Will it also be effective? There is not much difference where to do kinesiological exercises.

Interesting! Under the supervision of a psychologist, kindergarten teacher or parents, the technique will be equally effective and useful. It will help the child develop fully, regardless of the place of classes and the people who conduct them.

How to conduct an effective lesson with a preschool child:

First you need to prepare your child for hard work. For this, stretching is usually used to help you relax and tune in to the activity.
This is followed by breathing exercises. They will contribute to the supply of oxygen to the brain and improve the functioning of the respiratory system.
Oculomotor movements will help strengthen the connection between the two hemispheres.
Bodily exercises are necessary to develop gross and fine motor skills, improve the child’s concentration, concentration and memory.
Finally, you should spend some time doing relaxation exercises or a relaxing massage to relieve muscle tension.

Kinesiology is useful for both children and adults. This unique technique can help absolutely anyone improve their physical and psycho-emotional health. By doing kinesiological exercises with your child, you can significantly increase his intelligence by improving the connection between the hemispheres of the brain.

“The role of kinesiological exercises in the health improvement of preschool children”

The constantly growing number of children with disabilities in physical and mental development poses the task of finding effective forms and methods for preventing and promoting the health of children in a preschool educational institution.

The forms of such work can be complexes of kinesiological and breathing exercises, acupressure, stretching, breathing exercises, oculomotor exercises, bodily exercises, exercises for the development of fine motor skills, relaxation exercises and massage will help ensure the full and harmonious development of preschool children.

Kinesiology is the science of brain development through movement.

Kinesiology for preschoolers, with the help of special exercises, improves the development of the child’s nervous system and speech; in addition, kinesiological exercises develop the child’s thinking through movement.

Kinesiological techniques are aimed at activating various parts of the cerebral cortex, which makes it possible to develop a person’s abilities or correct problems in various areas.

According to research by physiologists, the right hemisphere of the brain - humanitarian, imaginative, creative - is responsible for the body, coordination of movements, spatial visual and kinesthetic perception. The left hemisphere of the brain - mathematical, symbolic, speech, logical, analytical - is responsible for the perception of auditory information, setting goals and building programs. The unity of the brain consists of the activity of two hemispheres, closely interconnected by a system of nerve fibers (corpus callosum).

The corpus callosum is necessary for coordinating the brain and transmitting information from one hemisphere to the other.

Violation of the corpus callosum distorts the cognitive activity of children.

For the successful learning and development of a child, one of the main conditions is the full development of the corpus callosum in preschool childhood. The corpus callosum (interhemispheric interaction) can be developed through kinesiological exercises. Kinesiological exercises are a set of movements that allow you to activate interhemispheric effects. They develop the corpus callosum, increase resistance to stress, synchronize the work of the hemispheres, improve mental activity, help improve memory and attention, and facilitate the process of reading and writing.

Water plays a big role. It helps activate the brain. Just one glass of clean water can change the way your brain works.

Scientists at the University of East London conducted an experiment that showed that a glass of water can speed up brain function by 14%. Drinking water can improve brain function by activating the necessary connections between cells. You need to slowly drink half a glass of water in small sips. Water is a universal solvent, an electrolyte that helps transmit electrical signals through the nervous system from different parts of the body to the brain so that they work in harmony.

Exercises must be done daily. After children have learned to perform finger games from the age of five, we give a set of finger kinesiological exercises, consisting of three hand positions successively replacing each other. The child performs together with an adult, then independently from memory. The exercise is performed first with the right hand, then with the left, then with both hands together. In case of difficulties, the adult invites the child to help himself with commands (“goose-hen-rooster”), pronounced out loud or silently.

Brain development is also influenced by stretching, breathing exercises, oculomotor exercises, bodily exercises, exercises for the development of fine motor skills, relaxation exercises and massage.

Stretching normalizes hypertonicity (uncontrolled excessive muscle tension) and hypotonicity (uncontrolled muscle flaccidity).

Breathing exercises improve the rhythm of the body, develop self-control and volition.

Oculomotor exercises allow you to expand your field of vision and improve perception. Unidirectional and multidirectional movements of the eyes and tongue develop interhemispheric interaction and increase the energy level of the body.

When performing bodily movements , interhemispheric interaction develops, involuntary, unintentional movements and muscle tension are relieved. It turns out that a person needs movement to consolidate thoughts.

Relaxation exercises help you relax and relieve tension.

The use of kinesiological methods in the correction of learning and improvement of schoolchildren

Examples of different types of exercises.

Imagine that each of you has just made a snowman. The body is as hard as frozen snow. Spring came, the sun warmed up, and the snowman began to melt. First, the head “melts” and hangs, then the shoulders drop, the arms relax, etc. At the end of the exercise, the child gently falls to the floor and pretends to be a puddle of water. You need to relax. The sun warmed up, the water in the puddle began to evaporate and turned into a light cloud. The wind blows and drives a cloud across the sky.

Starting position – squatting. Hide your head in your knees, clasp them with your hands. Imagine that you are a seed that gradually germinates and turns into a tree. Slowly rise to your feet, then straighten your torso and stretch your arms up. Then tense your body and stretch out. The wind blows and you sway like a tree.

Starting position – standing. Fully straighten up and stand tall like a soldier. Freeze in this position, as if you are stiff, and do not move. Now lean forward and spread your arms so that they dangle like rags. Become as soft and flexible as a rag doll. Bend your knees slightly and feel how your bones become soft and your joints become very mobile. Now show the soldier again, standing at attention and absolutely straight and rigid, as if carved from wood. Children alternate between being a soldier and then a doll, until you feel that they have already completely relaxed.

Starting position – standing. Imagine that in front of each of you there is an apple tree with wonderful big apples. The apples hang directly above your head, but you can’t get them out without difficulty. Look at the apple tree, you see a large apple hanging at the top right. Stretch your right arm as high as possible, rise on tiptoes and take a sharp breath. Now pick the apple. Bend over and place the apple in a small basket on the ground. Now exhale slowly.

Straighten up and look up to your left. There are two wonderful apples hanging there. First, reach there with your right hand, rise on tiptoes, inhale and pick one apple. Then raise your left hand as high as possible and pick another apple that is hanging there. Now lean forward, place both apples in the basket in front of you and exhale. Now you know what you need to do. Use both hands alternately to pick up the beautiful large apples hanging to your left and right and place them in the basket.

Starting position – sitting at the table. Imagine that there is a large candle in front of you. Take a deep breath and try to blow out the candle with one exhalation. Now imagine 5 small candles in front of you. Take a deep breath and blow out these candles with small exhalations.

Breathe through one nostril

And peace will come to you.

Starting position - o. With.

1 - close the right nostril with the index finger of the right hand, take a quiet, long breath with the left;

2 - as soon as the inhalation is completed, open the right nostril and exhale quietly for a long time, emptying the lungs as much as possible and pulling the diaphragm as high as possible.

Starting position – standing. Take a deep breath, hold your breath, and close your nose with your fingers. Sit down, as if diving into the water. Count to 5 and emerge - open your nose and exhale.

Starting position: lying on your back. For children, relax their abdominal muscles, begin to inhale, inflating an imaginary balloon in the stomach, for example, red (colors must be changed). Pause - holding your breath. Exhale - draw in your stomach as much as possible. Pause - inhale, while the lips stretch out like a tube and noisily “drink” the air.

Quietly, quietly we will breathe,

We will hear our hearts.

I. p. - o. With.

1- slowly inhale through the nose, when the chest begins to expand, stop inhaling and pause for 4 seconds;

2 - exhale smoothly through the nose.

To breathe properly

We need to swallow air.

I. p. - o. With.

1 - inhale completely through the nose, drawing in the stomach;

2 - fold your lips into a “tube”, sharply draw in air, filling all your lungs to capacity;

3 - make a swallowing movement, as if swallowing air;

4 - pause for 2-3 seconds, then raise your head up and exhale air through your nose smoothly and slowly.

“Cross Marching"

We love to march

Raise your arms and legs.

You need to walk, raising your knees high, alternately touching the opposite leg with your right and left hands. Make 6 pairs of movements. Then walk, touching your knee with your hand. Make 6 pairs of movements. Finish by touching the opposite leg.

The arm and opposite leg rotate in a circular motion, first forward, then backward, while rotating the eyes to the right, left, up, down. Execution time 1-2 minutes. Breathing is voluntary.

Place your right hand under your left collarbone, while simultaneously making 10 circles with your left arm bent at the elbow joint and your shoulder forward, then the same amount back. Change the position of your hands and repeat the exercise.

Stand facing the wall, feet shoulder-width apart, palms on the wall at eye level. Walk along the wall to the right and then to the left with side steps, arms and legs should move in parallel, and then move using opposite arms and legs.

It is better to perform with rhythmic music. Walk in place. In this case, the step with the left foot is accompanied by a wave of the left hand. A step with the right foot is accompanied by a swing of the right hand.

Let's hide from all worries,

Only mom will find us.

Sit on the floor, pull your knees to your stomach, clasp them with your hands, and hide your head in your knees. Rock from side to side, trying to relax.

We're growing, growing, growing

And we reach the sky.

Squatting, place your head on your knees, clasp your knees with your hands. This is a seed that gradually germinates and turns into a tree. Slowly rise to your feet, then straighten your torso and stretch your arms up. The wind blew - swing the body, imitating a tree. (10 times)

Relaxation exercises

Stand up, stretch and get ready to listen to the music I'm about to play. Now we will not just listen to music - each of you will imagine yourself as a conductor leading a large orchestra (music is turned on)

Imagine the energy that flows through the conductor's body as he hears all the instruments and leads them into a wonderful overall harmony. If you want, you can listen with your eyes closed. Notice how you yourself are filled with vitality. Listen to the music and start moving your hands to the beat, as if you were leading an orchestra. Now move your elbows and your entire arm... Let the music flow through your whole body while you conduct. Conduct your whole body and react to the sounds you hear in a new way every time. You can be proud that you have such a good orchestra! Now the music will end. Open your eyes and give yourself and your orchestra a standing ovation for such an excellent concert.

Sit comfortably and close your eyes. Take a deep breath and exhale two to three times... I want to invite you on a journey on a cloud. Jump onto a white fluffy cloud that looks like a soft mountain of plump pillows. Feel how your legs, back, butt are comfortably located on this large cloudy pillow. Now the journey begins. The cloud slowly rises into the blue sky. Do you feel the wind blowing across your faces? Here, high in the sky, everything is calm and quiet. Let the cloud take you now to a place where you will be happy. Try to mentally see this place as accurately as possible. Here you feel completely calm and happy. Something wonderful and magical can happen here... Now you are again on your cloud, and it is taking you back to your place in the classroom. Get off the cloud and thank it for giving you such a good ride. Now watch it slowly melt into the air. Stretch, straighten up and be cheerful, fresh and attentive again.

Starting position: lying on your back, closing your eyes, while calm music plays. We lie down on a magic flying carpet. It rises smoothly and slowly, carries us across the sky, gently rocks us. The breeze gently blows tired bodies, everyone is resting... Houses, fields, forests, rivers and lakes float far below... Gradually, the flying carpet begins to descend and lands in our room (pause)... We stretch, take a deep breath and exhale, open our eyes, slowly and We sit down carefully.

5. Exercises to develop fine motor skills

We will build a strong house

We will all live in it together.

Connect the end phalanges of the straightened fingers. Using the fingers of your right hand, press firmly on the fingers of your left hand. Practice these movements for each pair of fingers. (10 times)

We press hard on the palm,

We will force her to become strong.

Using the fingers of your right hand, press firmly on the palm of your left hand, which should resist. Same for the other hand. (10 times)

We love to play with our hands

And dance lezginka.

The left hand is folded into a fist, the thumb is set to the side, the fist is turned with the fingers towards itself. The right hand, with a straight palm in a horizontal position, touches the little finger of the left. After this, the right and left hands are simultaneously changed for 6-8 times.

With your left hand, grab the tip of your nose, with your right hand - the opposite ear, then simultaneously lower your hands and change their position.

Draw mirror-symmetrical drawings in the air with both hands (it’s better to start with a round object: an apple, a watermelon, etc. The main thing is that the child looks at his hand while “drawing”).

Draw the number eight in the air in a horizontal plane three times - first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands.

We will make a necklace,

We'll give it to mom.

Alternately move your fingers, connecting the index finger, middle finger, etc. with the thumb in succession. The exercise is performed in the direct order (from the index finger to the little finger) and in the reverse order (from the little finger to the index finger).

First, the exercise is performed with each hand separately, then together.

Oculomotor exercises

With your right hand, hold your head by the chin. Take a pencil or pen in your left hand and stretch it upward at 45-degree angles so that when you close your left eye, you cannot see the object in your left hand with your right eye. After this, they begin to do the exercise for 7 seconds. They look at the pencil in their left hand, then change their gaze to “straight in front of them.” (7 sec.). The exercise is performed 3 times. Then the pencil is taken in the right hand and the exercise is repeated.

Horizontal figure eight"

Extend your right hand in front of you at eye level, clench your fingers into a fist, leaving your middle and index fingers extended. Draw a horizontal figure eight in the air as large as possible. Start drawing from the center and follow your fingertips with your eyes without turning your head. Then connect the language, i.e. simultaneously with your eyes, follow the movement of your fingers with your tongue well extended from your mouth.

Hang various drawings of toys, animals, etc. in different corners and on the walls of the classroom. Starting position – standing. Without turning your head, find with your eyes this or that object named by the teacher.

So as not to lose vigilance,

You need to rotate your eyes.

Rotate your eyes in a circle for 2-3 sends. (6 times)

Let your eyes look more sharply,

Let's grind them as quickly as possible.

Massage the upper and lower eyelids without closing your eyes. (1 min.)

Let's draw a big circle

And let's look around.

Make joint movements with your eyes and extended tongue, rotating them in a circle (from side to side).

So that we can become vigilant,

You need to press on your eyes.

Using three fingers of each hand, lightly press the upper eyelid of the corresponding eye and hold for 1-2 seconds.

Activities with children

This system is used quite widely in preschool educational institutions. For example, during physical activities, children are offered exercises aimed at coordination between the limbs, eyes, and head. These can be asymmetrical movements (one hand strokes, the other hits), movements performed with closed eyes (touch the nose, ear, stand on one leg), movements performed first alternately with the hand or foot, and then together with both.

Drawing lessons may include drawing with the other hand or both hands in a mirror image, drawing with eyes closed, tracing a contour in one direction and then in the other direction with each hand in turn.

In speech development lessons, various finger games are widely used, aimed at improving fine motor skills and finger dexterity.

In cognitive and play activities, various aids are used to help children master simultaneous coordinated movements with both hands. For example, children 3-4 years old are offered folders with mirror images of various objects. Such applications can consist of buttons, keys, paper or textile parts, geometric shapes, cords, ladders, etc. The child takes turns touching, pressing, tracing each part, first with one hand, then with the other, then with both. At the same time, poetic or musical accompaniment, the child’s own pronouncing of actions or poems illustrating them can act as additional stimulants for other areas of the brain.

Special kinesiology classes are conducted according to a specific scheme.

First, the children are prepared for the upcoming work. So-called stretching exercises are suitable for this. These are several tasks aimed at maximizing tension and then relaxing certain muscles.
After the kids are tuned in to completing the adult’s tasks, they are offered several breathing exercises that help develop a sense of rhythm and self-control.
Next comes an exercise that combines movement with eye tracking. They stimulate the interaction of the hemispheres and relieve muscle tension.
At the end of the lesson, relaxation tasks are performed to relieve muscle tension and relax the kids.

During systematic exercises, different techniques are used to complicate the exercises:

acceleration of pace;
exclusion of visual-speech control (performing exercises with eyes closed, tongue slightly bitten);
on the contrary - connecting movements of the tongue or eyes to hand movements;
connection to motor breathing exercises;
connecting visualization (mental representation of some picture).

Use kinesiology exercises with your baby at home. Below are various examples of activities that help achieve different effects (concentration, relaxation, motor skills). This is especially true if your baby does not attend kindergarten.
But otherwise, such classes will not hurt. Even without systematic implementation: they can concentrate the child at the right moment, calm him down, relax him, increase his attention, and set him up for work. The only thing you need to do for this is to first master each exercise yourself, understand what sensations it causes, what organs it uses, and what results it gives. After this, you will be able to give your preschooler clearer instructions on how to complete each task (feel how tense ..., your eyes should follow ..., the breath should be deep and slow, etc.).