Read the book Drawing with children 5-6 years old. Class notes by D. N. Koldina: online reading

"Introduction to Still Life"

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

kindergarten No. 7 “Sun”

Integrated lesson in fine art topic: “Introduction to still life”

Compiled by:

Educator:

Omarova Firuza Natig kyzy

MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 7"

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Balashikha urban district, Moscow region, 2020

Integrated lesson in fine arts topic: “Introduction to still life” (speech development, music, appliqué)

Target:

Arouse in children an active interest, an emotional response to works of art, a desire to carefully examine a still life, admire the beauty of objects, the unusualness of their shape, color, combination of objects, compositions, and give ideas about what objects are depicted in a still life. Stimulate aesthetic appreciation and judgment.

Vocabulary work:

Still life, dummies, vegetables, fruits, berries, flowers, paintings, artists, grow, etc.

Methodological support:

Paintings by I. Levitan “Cornflowers”; I. Khrutsky “Still life with mushrooms”; I. Petrov-Vodkin “Apples and Lemon.”

Recording of the melody “Sentimental Waltz”.

Models of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, berries, etc.

Ceramic vases (various shapes and heights).

Vases "Gzhel".

Colored paper, brushes, glue.

Preliminary work:

Didactic games, reading works about vegetables, fruits, mushrooms. Making and guessing riddles. Drawing with pencils and paints on the theme “Gifts of Autumn”. Symmetrical cutting of various vases.

Progress of the lesson:

Still lifes by artists I. Levitan, I. Khrutsky, I. Petrov - Vodkin are hung in the group; still lifes made from colored paper by the hands of children and teachers.

(Children look at the paintings while listening to quiet music)

— Children, did you like the exhibition?

— Which paintings did you like the most?

- Why?

- What do you think the artist wanted to tell us in this picture?

— What mood do you get when you look at this picture?

— What colors did the artist use? Bright, warm or cool?

- You and I saw different pictures. They depict flowers, vegetables, mushrooms, books, paints, dishes, etc. In life, sometimes you notice the beauty of objects, and artists are very attentive people. They are pleased and surprised by the elegance of objects, their shapes, unusualness, and colors. When an object is depicted on canvas it is especially beautiful. When an artist composes a still life, he tries to place the main objects so that the rest decorate and complement them. But the artist talks not only about objects, but also about the people who created, decorated, and grew them. People eat picked flowers, fruits, and berries, but those drawn by the artist will live forever and delight us.

History of the genre

The term “still life” came into the world’s languages from France. “Nature morte” literally means “dead nature, nature,” that is, it fully reflects the essence of the direction - dead animals, collected fruits, cut flowers.

The distant predecessors of the genre include the plot compositions of Ancient Egypt. Wall paintings contained images of objects that were supposed to serve the deceased in the afterlife. In the paintings of Pliny the Elder there is a description of still lifes. He admires the paintings of Zeuxis (420-380 BC), which skillfully depict birds, grapes, and glasses of wine.

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In the Middle Ages there are practically no works with still lifes. The formation of the style as a separate genre began in the 1500s in the countries of Northern Europe. Caravaggio and Jan Van Eyck often include fruits and flowers in their Christian paintings. In the 15th-16th centuries, the features of the genre were already more clearly visible in the works of artists. Thanks to Caravaggio, Bonzi, M. Campidoglio, E. Baskenis, the style acquires naturalism, powerful chiaroscuro appears, and the culture of the depicted objects appears. Picturesque and beautiful canvases are created using specially arranged objects.

Jacopo de' Barbari - Munich still life

One of the very first works in this direction is the painting “Munich Still Life” by Jacopo de Barbari (1460-1516). This is an image of a gauntlet with a crossbow bolt and a partridge in the background, created by the artist in 1504.

The style flourished in the 17th century, especially noticeable among Flemish and Dutch creators. The most prominent representative of that period was Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568-1625). Fame came to him thanks to his ability to convey the velvety quality of flowers and leaves in his paintings. He always painted from life to depict the flowering of a plant, he could not wait for a single month. The beauty of still life is shown in his works: “Bouquet of Flowers”, “Vase of Flowers” and many others.

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During the same period, the allegorical direction “Vanitas” was born. The term is taken from the Bible and is interpreted as “Vanity of vanities - all is vanity.” The basis of the composition is a human skull. The essence of the paintings is to remind a person of the transience of life, that all pleasures are in vain, death will come anyway.

The first work in this genre is considered to be the work of Jacob de Geyn II “Vanitas”. The central part of the canvas is occupied by a human skull, above which there is a soap bubble, signifying the onset of sudden death. Coins speak of human vanity, and tulips speak of an irresponsible attitude towards life.

Vanitas Jacob de Gein

In the middle of the 19th century, interest in the genre increased, but artists moved away from photorealistic painting and “village” creativity, since the camera had already been invented. Experiments begin with shapes and colors, methods of applying paints.

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Post-Impressionist images appear, which emphasize the freshness of the first impression. A. Matisse is considered to be a prominent representative of the movement of that period with a number of works: “Sunflowers in Vases”, “Fruit and a Coffee Pot”.

Peaches and pears Paul Cezanne

Cezanne P. creates great works “Peaches and Pears”, “Fruits”, he is completely sure that spatial perception is completely dependent on the color scheme.

In the Russian Empire, still life for a long time was not regarded as a separate direction of painting. But in the 18th century, cabinet canvases came into fashion. G.N. Teplov becomes a prominent representative of the style. (1717-1779). In the 20th century, the movement began to flourish, artists conducted bold experiments with shapes, colors and compositions.

In the 50s of the last century, the style was consolidated in painting, with a simultaneous suspension of development.

Bouquet of wild flowers Erdyakov A.P.

The 21st century is characterized by blurred boundaries, still lifes are becoming part of photorealism. Among the brightest representatives of the trend in Russia, one can single out Erdyakov A.P. with the 2009 canvas “Bouquet of Wild Flowers”.

Album for children of senior preschool age. "We study painting."

Every child is an artist.

The difficulty is to stay

artist, emerging from childhood.

Pablo Picasso

In kindergarten, children are introduced to various types of visual arts available to their age. Using the best images of folk art and masters, teachers cultivate interest and the ability to aesthetically perceive paintings, sculptures, objects of folk art, illustrations in books, form the basis of children’s aesthetic taste, and the ability to independently evaluate works of art. The perception of art develops gradually, so a number of requirements are imposed on works intended for preschoolers. The drawing must be clear, clearly and expressively convey the most characteristic features of the object - shape, color, relative size of parts, position in space. In a plot painting or sculpture, each image must be clearly outlined and characterized, so that children can understand by certain characteristics who is depicted, what he is doing, where and when the action takes place. Composition is essential for understanding a work. Clearly highlighting the main thing (either by the location of the characters or by color) makes it easier to perceive the whole and understand what is depicted.

Some landscapes by Russian and Soviet artists are accessible to children. Works of Russian realistic art of the past are widely represented in kindergartens: I. Shishkin. “Morning in a Pine Forest”, “Ship Grove”, “Rye”; landscapes by I. Levitan “March”, “Golden Autumn”, “Spring. Big Water", "Birch Grove"; seascapes by I. Aivazovsky; paintings by V. Vasnetsov “Alyonushka”, “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf”. Still life offers rich opportunities for the development of aesthetic perception. In this genre, the image of objects attracts the child, first of all, with its means of expression - color, shape. Thus, preschool children are introduced to different types of fine arts. These are highly artistic works, rich in ideological content and perfect in artistic form, accessible to a child, both in content and in means of expression. We offer an album for viewing paintings in kindergarten with children of senior preschool age on the topic “Studying painting.”

I. Ostroukhov

I. Ostroukhov “Golden Autumn”

I. Ostroukhov “Golden Autumn”

What do you think the artist is telling us here? About golden autumn. But the artist spoke about the beauty of a small piece of forest.
What do we see in the foreground? The ground is strewn with lacy leaves, two old maples with drooping branches and several thin young maples. A little further we see the powerful gnarled trunks of old trees, and even further - the solid bright gold of autumn foliage. But the artist’s observant eye noticed something else interesting in this corner. Yes, two magpies galloping along the path. White-sided magpies tell each other something, some news about the forest and its inhabitants. Her colors are cooler. Yellow and orange tones have a cool, lemony tint, while greens have a bluish tint. We see a light whitish foggy haze. It's early morning. Quiet and calm in the forest. The artist told us how beautiful even a small piece of forest is in autumn, how calmly and trustingly nature reveals its secrets to an observant person. The sun no longer warms as before, but it shines no worse than in summer. This small forest is thoroughly saturated with autumn mood: bright, joyful, lively. Beautiful trees delight the soul and the eye. I really want to visit such a forest. Listen to the rustle of leaves, breathe in fresh, clean, slightly cool air.

I. Levitan

I. Levitan “Golden Autumn”

One of the few among Russian artists, Levitan knew how to enjoy brush and paint, he knew how to write not only correctly, but also beautifully. All his paintings are themselves phenomena of a purely pictorial nature. That’s why it’s so difficult to talk about them, but it’s so easy to admire them, to surrender to their inexplicable charm...

Autumn in Levitan's paintings is very diverse. It is impossible to list all the autumn days he painted on the canvas. Levitan left about a hundred “autumn” paintings.

They depicted things familiar from childhood: ...lonely golden birches, not yet blown by the wind; a sky like thin ice; shaggy rains over forest clearings. But in all these landscapes, the sadness of farewell days, falling leaves, rotting grass, the quiet hum of bees before the cold and the pre-winter sun, barely noticeably warming the earth, is best conveyed.

What kind of autumn is depicted here?
Why do you think the artist called the painting “golden”? What colors did he use?
How can these colors be called in one word? What are they? Warm, joyful, cheerful.
What interesting, beautiful thing did the artist see?
How did you know that he painted birch trees?
What is more - warm colors or cold ones? That is why nature in the picture seems so joyful, elegant, warm, bright and even solemn. Did you like the picture? Now try, like artists, to draw a golden autumn.

I. Levitan “Spring. Big water"

I. I. Levitan “Spring. Big water"

The greatest masterpieces of Russian spring poetry include the famous painting “Spring. Big water."

The painting depicts the moment of the flood, when “big water” covered the coastal areas, flooding everything around. Tell us about your impressions of the picture. What interesting thing did the artist see?

Have you seen this? The water spread wide, freely and endlessly, so that it seemed as if it had merged with the blue sky. Glowing with gentle tints, thin birch trees stand in the water. Their whiteness is emphasized by the bright greenery of the spruce and the dark trunk of an old tree. Their shadows are elongated, reflected in the clear mirror of the water. The trees seem to grow both up and down at once.
Is there a sun in the picture? How did you find out? It is not drawn, but from the shadows of the trees in the water and on the shore, we learn about it. The sun is still dim, but you can feel its warmth.
What is shown in the foreground, on the left? This is a boat. She stands by the shore warmed and gilded by the sun. Probably, the artist sailed in it to paint his picture from life.
What feelings do you get when you look at this picture? Yes, there is a feeling of tenderness and charm from the spring awakening of nature, from the anticipation of warmth, the wild blossoming of nature.
What would you call this painting?
Why do you think the artist named his painting this way?
What did he want to draw our attention to? To the riot of the free spring wind, its playful joy. The wind sways the tops of the trees, defiantly ruffles the young leaves, and ripples the waves on the water.
What time of year is this? This is spring - noisy, green. People call the spring awakening of nature “green noise”.
What colors did the artist use? The landscape is painted with clean, light colors, giving it transparency and fragility. The picture is filled with spring quiet joy and tranquility, it is full of optimism from the spring resurrection of nature. Bright green, emerald-colored foliage of sunlit trees, grass on the hills, greenish-bluish distance of meadows, high clear blue sky with light running clouds, blue, blue-violet, violet-pink color of water - all these are cold tones. What mood do they create? Yes, a feeling of coolness, freshness, a clear sunny day, the joy of spring.

I. Shishkin

I. Shishkin “Winter”

AND . Shishkin “Winter”

One of the largest and most popular among Russian landscape painters. Shishkin openly and intimately told the viewer about his love for his native land, for the discreet charm of northern nature. He knew Russian nature “scientifically” and loved it with all the strength of his powerful nature. From this knowledge and this love, images were born that have long become unique symbols of Russia. He was called the “forest hero-artist”, “king of the forest”, “old forest man”.

Look at the winter forest and tell us about it, what is it like? Large, dense, impenetrable.

What kind of trees are these? Huge spruce trees, their branches located high. The artist painted the picture standing close to the trees, so their tops are not visible.
Are there small Christmas trees?
What is this lying on the ground under the snow? Yes, these are fallen trees.
Is there a lot of snow in the forest? What is he like? What colour? There is a wall of trees all around, so the snow is slightly brownish, creamy, and bluish in the deep shade. Only where there is a gap among the trees, a ray of sun illuminated the clearing, coloring the trees in yellowish tones. This makes the snow, in a thick layer, lying in the shade on the ground, on the branches of fir trees, seem even bluer. You and I are standing very close to huge spruce trees, so we can’t see the tops of the trees. Before us are only their huge brownish trunks, which seem warm and alive. Look carefully: is there anyone else alive in the forest? Did you see a bird? She, like the trees, also seemed to fall asleep, dozed off.
What would you call this forest? “fabulous”, “enchanted”, “asleep”.

The painting is called “Winter”. This is a forest landscape.

I. Grabar

I. Grabar February blue

Teacher's story:

Famous Soviet artist. The artist depicts a February morning, frosty air, an azure sky, a birch grove on a February morning and deep snowdrifts. In the foreground stands a large white birch tree. She is majestic and beautiful. Birch is the pearl of this picture. She is beautiful in her white and brown outfit, with long branches. Last year's yellow leaves remained on the top of the head. The snow around is light blue, and near the birches the snow began to melt. There are dark bluish shadows in the snow from the birch tree trunks. The blue sky above the birches smoothly turns into blue above the strip of forest. In the background of the picture there are small birch trees. Their trunks are also painted with a bluish tint. A single strip of forest is visible on the horizon.

What did the artist want to draw our attention to here? To the magical beauty of white-trunked birches. The birch tree standing in front of us in the foreground, painted with dense strokes, seems huge and powerful. It is white in color and has many thin white branches. The artist admires the birch tree and admires its beauty. The branches of magnificent birch trees are directed upward, as if in a joyful outburst, they greet the morning. Under the rays of the sun, last year's icy leaves lit up with reddish-red colors; with a light breeze they touch each other, emitting a melodic crystal chime.
What melody of winter did the artist hear here?
Tell me how you feel looking at this picture? Yes, it’s February - the end of winter, its last holiday! A holiday of azure, clear and pure skies with bright bottomless blue in the heights. The sun highlighted the pearly whiteness of the birch trees and the lace of the branches directed towards him. The loose snow in its rays became pinkish, with deep blue shadows from the birches. It seems that the air itself rings with purity and transparency. Yes, this is a bright, ringing, joyful, loud, festive and farewell song of the passing winter.

A. Savrasov

A. Savrasov “The rooks have arrived”

A. K. Savrasov “The rooks have arrived”

One day the artist came to the outskirts of the village to look closely at the ancient church. He came for a short while and stayed until the evening. That feeling of spring that he had lived through in recent days, inhaling the heady March air, acquired special strength and charm. The artist opened his sketchbook and began to draw quickly, with inspiration, forgetting about everything in the world. The artist Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov observed such a picture on the outskirts of a Russian village. He rejoiced at spring and the arrival of rooks. And he painted a picture, which he called “The Rooks Have Arrived.”

What interesting thing did the artist see? He saw how a flock of rooks landed on the birch trees, how they made noise and rejoiced, returning to their old nests.
Tell us about the rooks. What are they doing? They correct and repair the nests. Below, at the roots of a birch tree, the rook found a twig and holds it in its beak. How many rooks and large rook nests!
What trees did the rooks choose? Tell us about them. In the center there is an old gnarled birch tree, next to it there is another one, and on the side, on the right, there are several young slender birch trees. It seems that their bare branches have come to life, become warmer, perked up and stretch upward towards the sun. The artist painted birch trees in the center, large; we see them in full height because canvas painting
located
vertically.
Why do you think the rooks chose this place for their nests? It’s calm here: it’s the outskirts of a small village. We see a fence, behind it several low wooden houses and an old white-stone church with a bell tower, and further - fields with darkened snow still lying here and there.
Tell us about the snow. What is he like? It darkened, became loose, gray, and dirty. In some places the snow has melted: we see a puddle, there are thawed patches at the roots of birch trees and in other places.
Is there a sun in the picture? How did you guess? Yes, the sun is barely shining through the clouds, it is still dim. We see this in the shadows of the birch trees in the snow. What can you say about the sky? What is it like? The sky is covered with bluish-gray clouds. What would you call this painting? What does it feel like in the picture? The joy of the awakening of nature, the trembling feeling of anticipation of the sun, warmth, spring and a slight sadness over the passing winter.

P. P. Konchalovsky

P. P. Konchalovsky “Lilacs in a basket”

Lilac in a basket" P. P. Konchalovsky
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What interesting thing did the artist see? What kind of lilac did he see? Yes, he was surprised that lilacs come in different colors: white, pink, red, purple, lilac. What can you say about this bouquet? What is he like? Remember, what does lilac smell like?
“I’ll take our bouquet and give you the opportunity to once again feel this extraordinary, clean, delicate, fresh smell of lilac - the flowers of early summer.” (Bring the bouquet to each child’s face.) Yes, only lilacs smell like that!
Plucked flowers cannot live long - they will fade, but those drawn by the artist will live forever and bring joy to people at any time of the year. They will give joyful memories. Did you like the picture?

I. E. Repin

I. E. Repin “Apples and Leaves”

“Apples and Leaves” by I. E. Repin

Apples are scattered on a dark brown table, lying on leaves. The apples are elegant, red-green, with shiny barrels. In the center of the picture is a fresh, bright green apple; to his left are two red apples with slightly green sides: one is in front, the other seems to be hidden; a little further away - another, red one, peeks out from behind an apple with a yellow side. To the side, on the right, there is another red apple lying separately. Closer to us, in the foreground, lie several small light brown leaves, and in the center is a twig with pale green leaves. Probably, the artist painted this picture in the late afternoon: a ray of sunlight fell from the top left and illuminated the apples and leaves, highlighting the small leaf especially brightly, and the leaf became light, yellow-brown.

- Look: if you cover it, then there will be something missing in the picture. Why? All the apples lie on the left, and on the right, if there were no leaves, it would be empty and somehow ugly. The light plays on the leaves and apples. Against a reddish-brown dark background, illuminated apples sparkle like precious stones.

P.P. Konchalovsky “Apples on the table by the stove”

Apples on the table by the stove" P. P. Konchalovsky

—What do you think the artist wanted to tell us here? Yes, also about the beauty of apples, about how many there are, how different and elegant they are! The artist admires and admires their variety of colors, the beauty of their rounded shapes, their different sizes, their ripeness and juiciness. Let's take a closer look at this still life, compiled and drawn by the artist.

— Which apples did you like best in this picture? Probably the brightest ones are red, red-pink, rosy? They lie on the left on large carved green leaves, like on an openwork napkin. The combination of red and green colors makes apples seem even more elegant. On the right, in a large white bowl with graceful edges, yellow-red juicy apples are stacked, with green leaves barely visible between them. There are so many apples that they do not fit in the bowl; some lie near it. But, besides these apples, the artist painted others - large, greenish-white ones.

There are two piles of such apples: three on the left, in front of the red apples, in the foreground, and three on the right, near the white bowl. These are very tasty apples. If you let them sit for a while, they will turn white, almost transparent. Who can tell me what these little apples are in the foreground on the right? What are they? Have you ever eaten something like this?

— Where are the apples lying? Yes, on a beautiful reddish-brown polished wooden table, which is pushed up to a white tiled stove. The table is massive, on one leg. Do you see how the apples are reflected in its polished surface? Like in the mirror! The whole still life looks elegant against the background of a white stove. The reflections from it sparkle with white spots (reflexes) on apples, leaves and on the table.

P. P. Konchalovsky “Dry paints”

“Dry paints” P. P. Konchalovsky

—

Look at this unusual still life. The artist showed us a corner of the painter's studio. Previously, artists prepared their own paints from dry powders. They diluted these powders with special oil, which is why the paints are called oil paints.

- What do we see in the artist’s studio? A wooden table, and on it there are glass jars and dry paints of different colors in them. What colors did you see, what colors? Here are red, yellow, blue, orange, pink. In rectangular tins there is oil for diluting paints. In bottles and flasks there are varnishes and various solvents; the painter also needs them. In the background, in a white jug, various oil brushes are solemnly lined up in a row, they rise above everything else. In the foreground lies a tube of ready-made green oil paint, next to it is a funnel through the paint. And here is the palette. All objects are lighter than the dark blue-violet background.

The picture seems to remind us that the art of painting begins with such unsightly cans, bottles, and tins. First, the artist must work at the table, prepare his oil paints, and only then he approaches the canvas and begins to paint the picture. Isn't that an interesting still life? It turns out that a still life can be composed of such objects that are not very beautiful in appearance. And he can talk about interesting things unknown to us.

Apples and leaves" I. E. Repin

- Look: if you cover it, then there will be something missing in the picture. Why? All the apples lie on the left, and on the right, if there were no leaves, it would be empty and somehow ugly. The light plays on the leaves and apples. Against a reddish-brown dark background, illuminated apples sparkle like precious stones.

K. S. Petrov-Vodkin

K. S. Petrov-Vodkin. "Apples on a red background"

“Apples on a red background” K. S. Petrov-Vodkin

- What is this picture about? What's written on it? Yes, apples.

- What are they like? Elegant, colorful, ripe, yellow, yellow-green, yellow-raspberry. There is even a white, very ripe apple, which is what they call “white filling.” The apple filled with sweet juice, ripened in the sun, became white, ripe, juicy.

— What color is there a lot in the picture? Red! Right! This is a red tablecloth.

- Why do you think the artist put these apples on the red tablecloth? Yes, so that yellow-green, yellow-raspberry apples look better and become even more beautiful. This is such an elegant, bright painting, a still life painting.

V.F. Stozharov

V. F. Stozharov “Still life. Kvass"

Still life. Kvass" V. F. Stozharov

— What did the artist want to tell us about? About peasant life.

In a peasant wooden hut on the table there are: a bottle braided with birch bark, a birch tuesok and a small barrel. Kvass ripens and ferments in them. In the foreground is a wooden bowl filled with kvass and a kvass jug. To the right of the kvassman on the table lie loaves of black bread baked in a Russian oven, between them there is a wooden spoon and a knife. To the left of the bowl are onions with shiny light brown skins. There was nothing tastier for a Russian peasant on a hot afternoon than a sip of cold kvass. And a prison made from black bread soaked in kvass with onions was the most common peasant food.

In the background of the picture we see a white towel, bunches of rowan berries on the wall and painted wooden spoons. How beautiful and warm this corner of simple village life is! How these ordinary, but so familiar things delight the soul of a Russian person.