Russian language lesson. 11th grade (preparation for the Unified State Exam)

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Russian language lesson on the topic “Preparation for an essay-argument” (grade 11)

Lesson “Preparation for an essay-argument” (grade 11)

The purpose of the lesson:

• prepare students to write an essay-argument on a given text;
• improve text analysis skills;
• cultivate a respectful attitude towards other people’s opinions, develop the ability to correctly and convincingly substantiate one’s point of view.

Equipment:

original text; criteria for assessing essay-reasoning; recommendations for students on preparing to write an argumentative essay; presentations.

During the classes

I. Setting the goal of the lesson.

II. Preparing for an essay-reasoning.

At the beginning of the lesson, let’s remember what plan your essay should be based on? What parts should it consist of?

Plan for an essay-reasoning.

1. Introduction with the formulation of the problem raised by the author in the text.

2. Commentary on the formulated problem of the source text.

3. Reflection of the author's position.

4. Own opinion on the problem, justified by 2-3 arguments.

5. Conclusion.

(diagram on the board)

— Before we start reading the text, familiarize yourself with the recommendations “How to correctly understand the source text?”

1. What is the text about? Decide on a theme.

2. What questions does the author consider? Find problems.

3. What issue does the author discuss most? State the main problem of the text.

4. What does the author want to say with his text? Define the idea.

5. How did the author help us determine his purpose? The role of linguistic means.

6. Why were these particular linguistic means used?

7. How does the author himself answer the questions (problems) posed?

— We read the text. As you read, write down your initial observations, your first impression.

(1) People want to be happy - this is their natural need. (2) But where does the very core of happiness lie? (3) (I’ll note right away, I’m only thinking, and not expressing truths that I myself only strive for.) (4) Does it lie in a comfortable apartment, good food, smart clothes? (5) Yes and no. (6) No - for the reason that, having all these prosperity, a person can suffer from various spiritual adversities. (7) Does it lie in health? (8) Of course, yes, but at the same time no.

   (9) Gorky wisely and slyly noted that life will always be bad enough for the desire for the best not to fade away in humanity. (10) And Chekhov wrote: “If you want to be an optimist and understand life, then stop believing what they say and write, but observe and delve into it yourself.” (11) Pay attention to the beginning of the phrase: “If you want to be an optimist...” (12) And also - “look into it yourself.”

   (13) In the hospital I lay in a cast up to my chest for almost six months on my back, but when the unbearable pain passed, I was cheerful. (14) The sisters asked: “Rozov, why are you so cheerful?” (15) And I answered: “What? It’s my leg that hurts, but I’m healthy.” (16) My spirit was healthy.

(17) Happiness lies precisely in the harmony of the individual; they used to say: “The Kingdom of God is within us.” (18) The harmonious structure of this “kingdom” largely depends on the individual himself, although, I repeat, the external conditions of a person’s existence play an important role in its formation. (19) But not the most important one. (20) With all the calls to fight the shortcomings of our life, which have accumulated in abundance, I will still first of all highlight the fight with myself. (21) You can’t expect someone from the outside to come and make your life good. (22) You must fight for the “honest fellow” in yourself, otherwise there will be trouble. (V. Rozov)

- So, let's start working on the text. Let's fill out the table.

1. Introduction.

— What do we first determine when starting to work on any text? (Topic.)

— What is the topic of the text? ( Subject

– what is this text about)

Decide on a topic

-What is the text talking about? (About happiness.) What else do we define? (Idea.)

— What is the idea of ​​the text? ( Idea

- what the author of the text wanted to say)

— For what exact purpose did the author create his text? What did he want to say? What feelings did you want to convey? (To make readers think about what happiness is and how to achieve it.)

- What should we move on to now?

Define your style

— What is the style of this text? (Publicistic.)

— Why did the author choose this particular style? What are its main features?

The main stylistic features are logic, imagery, emotionality, evaluativeness, appeal.

The main language means are a combination of book and colloquial vocabulary; expressive syntactic constructions (exclamatory sentences, rhetorical questions, parcellation); figurative and expressive means of language (metaphors, similes, allegories, etc.)

— What is the next step in our work?

- What type of speech does this text belong to?

— How is a text-reasoning constructed? (Initial thesis; arguments, including examples and evidence; conclusion.)

- Now we can begin to formulate the problem. Define the problem.

- What is the problem? (question requiring research)

— Formulate the problem of this text. (What is happiness?)

— What category can this problem be classified into? (Philosophical.)

- Let's remember in what form the introduction can be written. (Presentation)

1. In the form of lyrical reflection.

2. In the form of a series of rhetorical questions consonant with the problem of this text.

3. In the form of a discussion about the title that can be given to this text.

4. In the form of a dialogue with an imaginary interlocutor about the problem of this text. And etc.

— Let’s write an introduction to the essay. Don't forget that it should be short - 3-4 sentences! Use cliches if necessary.

- Read what you got.

Possible entry:

What is happiness? This is an eternal philosophical theme that has confronted man for many centuries. Viktor Rozov has his own view on this problem.

Consider the composition

—What do we call composition? (construction, arrangement and relationship of parts of the text)

— Find the compositional parts of the argumentative text in the source text.

2. Write a comment

"following the author."

• have an emotional impact on the reader;
• make the reader think about problems;
• try to find the causes of the depicted negative phenomena;
• convince the reader of the correctness of your position;
• use a range of convincing arguments;
• openly declare your civic position in relation to ...;
• encourage the reader to...

The author asks the question: “But where lies the very core of happiness?” The author uses a question-and-answer form. He is looking for different answers to the question of what happiness might consist of. The famous playwright turns to the statements of famous writers and facts from his life. (Eliminate repetition).

3. Author's position.

Determine the author's position

— What is the author’s position? (the answer that the author gives to the problematic question posed by him, what the author thinks about all this)

—Which line contains the author’s main idea?

—What moral conclusion does he draw to his thoughts?

— Can we say that the author’s position is expressed directly?

— What linguistic means does the author use to express his position?

— We formulate the author's position.

Use cliches if necessary.

The author's position is that happiness exists in the harmony of the individual, that is, in a reasonable combination of material comforts and peace of mind.

4. Reflection of one’s own position

Determine your own position, select 2-3 arguments

- What is an argument? (argument, reason, judgment given to prove the expressed thought)

— What is your attitude to the author’s position? Do you agree or disagree with his point of view? Do not forget that your statements must be correct and evidence-based.

I cannot but agree with the opinion of Viktor Rozov. Happiness is the relationship between spiritual and material values. Many writers have addressed this topic.

The story by V.P. Astafiev “The Dream of the White Mountains” talks about a man who knew how to enjoy simple things, while having little material wealth. Akim is happy because he is in contact with nature, because he lives in his native land, because he fell in love with a girl. The famous academician D.S. Likhachev also considered aspects of happiness in his “Letters about the good and the beautiful.” The publicist believes that a person’s happiness lies in being surrounded by loving people, material wealth and moral values. Life acquires meaning when a person is spiritually rich.

5.
Conclusion.
- Remember in what form a conclusion can be written?

• Conclusion - impression.
• Answer to the question.
• Call to action.
• Ending using a quote.

What form of conclusion is most appropriate for this text? (Call to action.)

• Write a conclusion.

Indeed, happiness lies in the direct interaction of material and spiritual goods, which are harmoniously combined.

III. Summarizing. Homework.

- So, we have done the preparation, and now I think you can easily cope with the job. Your homework: write an essay based on the source text.

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