Presentation for a lesson in preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language: Spelling unstressed vowels in the root of a word

basic information

There will be no significant changes in the format of the Unified State Exam 2021, as well as in the structure and content of KIMs in the Russian language! After the reform of 2020 and the difficult season of 2020, the ministry set a course for stability. Communicating with journalists, both Olga Vasilyeva, who served as minister until January 15, 2020, and Sergei Kravtsov, who currently holds this post, said that too frequent changes to KIMs negatively affect the results of the Unified State Exam.

Important! In 2021, the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will be held in the format familiar to graduates - the previously announced oral part remains only in the ministry’s plans. It is possible that the test format will be revised, but in 2022 or even later.

Admission to the Unified State Exam will be a “pass” on the December final essay. It is also important for graduates of 2021 to know the following basic facts about the upcoming Unified State Exam in the Russian language:

1. The exam is mandatory for all graduates completing 11th grade in 2021.
2. The test format is the same for all regions of the Russian Federation.
3. You can take the Russian language test in 2021 in the early or main session.
4. The testing date is set by the official GIA 2021 calendar.
5. CMM includes 2 parts, which contain 27 tasks.
6. 3.5 hours (210 minutes) are allotted to complete the work.
7. The maximum number of primary points is 54 (no changes).
8. The minimum score (required to obtain an education document) is 36 (no changes).
9. If a graduate scores less than 36 test points, he will not receive a certificate of education and will not be able to enter the university.
10. In case of failure, the Russian language can be retaken on a reserve date, in September 2021 (or already within the framework of the State Academic Examination 2022).

The calendar, which will indicate all the dates of the OGE and the Unified State Exam 2021, must be approved by the end of November 2020.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, presentation for a lesson in the Russian language (grade 11)

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Task 2. Means of communication of sentences in the text. Preparation for the Unified State Exam

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("Completing the task requires identifying the relationships between sentences of the text and determining the means of connection between sentences... the examinee must choose this word independently in accordance with the given morphological characteristics. This change is also due to the fact that... exam participants do not always have basic knowledge of morphology..." (see "Comments on planned changes to the 2019 KIM")

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Algorithm for completing the task: 1. Carefully read the text, understand the author’s logic. 2. Determine how in the author’s reasoning the sentence with the omission and the preceding sentence are logically connected. 3. Find out (using the table) the meaning that the introductory word, construction, conjunction, particle or adverb brings to the reasoning of the author of the source text. 4. By substitution, select the desired word or combination of words that do not violate the logical correspondence between sentences.

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MORPHOLOGICAL MEANS OF CONNECTING SENTENCES 1 Conjunctions, allied words and particles at the beginning of sentences The rain is noisy outside the window. But the house is warm and cozy. 2 The use of personal (in the 3rd letter), demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences Language is not inherited by a person. It develops only in the process of communication. 3 Use of adverbs of time and place, which in meaning can relate to several independent sentences at once. Mountains were visible to the left. The river shone in a narrow strip. Small groves turned green. Everywhere here it was quiet and calm. 4 Unity of tense forms of predicate verbs Night came unexpectedly. It became dark. The stars lit up in the sky. 5 Using degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs The place was beautiful. It couldn't have been better. We found ourselves above the clouds. There was nothing higher anymore.

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Coordinating conjunctions connecting disjunctive adversatives And Yes (= and) And-and Neither-nor Not only – but also Somehow and Also Also Or Either Or-or Either That-and-not A But Yes (= but ) But however

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Meaningful relations expressed by coordinating conjunctions: Connective: and, yes (=and), and...and..., not only... but also, as... and, also, also Dividing: or, either, then...that, not that... not that, or... or, whether... or Adversative: a, but, yes (= but), however, Gradational: not only, but also, not so much... as, not that... a Explanatory: that is, but namely Connective: also, too, yes and, and moreover, moreover

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Subordinating conjunctions Types of subordinating conjunctions Expressed relationships Examples Explanatory Express explanatory relationships. What, in order, as if Temporary Express temporary relationships. When, as soon as, as soon as, barely, only, only, before, since, until, not yet, after, as long as, as, after, etc. Causal Express causal relationship. Because, since, for, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because, in connection with the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc. Conditional Express conditional relationship. If, if, once, if, if only.

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Subordinating conjunctions Types of subordinating conjunctions Expressed relationships Examples Target Express target relationships. In order to, so that, in order to, in order to, then in order to, in order to Comparative Express comparative relations. As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, just as, as if, etc. Concessive Express concessional relations. Although, at least; for nothing; if only, if only; despite the fact that, despite the fact that; at least, at least, while, meanwhile, whereas; It would be nice, that's all. Consequences Express relations of consequence. So. or else, or else

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At the beginning of the sentence, conjunctions are not used: also, yes and, that is, namely because, so that, with what, rather than as well as explanatory conjunctions: that, how, so that

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Discharges of particles negation is not, nor, not at all, far from, not at all a question, is it really, is it, is an indication here, there, this clarification is precisely, just, directly, precisely, exactly the same limitation, selection only, only, exclusively, almost, solely, -exclamation what for, well, and, as an intensification even, same, nor, after all, really, everything, after all, well, doubt hardly, hardly. relaxation of the requirement

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Introductory words and constructions often found in task 2: In addition, a construction is used when the author wants to complement a previously expressed thought. In other words, in other words, the construction is used if the author wants to say an already expressed thought differently (more clearly). So, thus, therefore - the author uses these introductory words to summarize the reasoning. Of course, of course, unconditionally - indicate the degree of confidence in the words spoken. For example, this is introductory words that are used to explain a thought. On the contrary, it is an introductory word used to contrast one sentence with another. Firstly, secondly, on the one hand (on the other hand) - the author indicates the order of thoughts.

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Introductory word, conjunction, particle, adverb When is it used? (relationships between sentences of the text) IN OTHER WORDS, OTHER WORDS Used when the author of the text wants to say the same thing, but more clearly. IN ADDITION, it is used when it is necessary to supplement what has been said with some, in the author’s opinion, important thoughts or circumstances. THUS, SO, THEREFORE They are used when the author of the text summarizes his reasoning. FOR EXAMPLE, SO They are used when the author wants to clarify something that he said before. ON THE OVERSEAS It is used when the author of the text contrasts one sentence with another. FIRST, ON THE ONE HAND They indicate the order in which the arguments are presented. DESPITE THIS, ALTHOUGH, CONTRARY TO THIS They introduce the following meaning into the author’s reasoning: “despite the circumstances indicated in the previous part of the text.”

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Introductory word, conjunction, particle, adverb When is it used? (relationships between sentences of the text) BECAUSE, SINCE, SINCE, THE POINT IS THAT THE Author uses when he indicates the cause of the described phenomena. THEREFORE, SO, FROM HERE The author of the text uses it when he wants to draw a conclusion from his reasoning. THAT IS Used to clarify what was said earlier. HOWEVER, THEN, BUT They are used to contrast the meaning of one sentence with another. EXACTLY, after all, they introduce the meaning of clarification and emphasize the importance of thought. EVEN Enter the gain value. NOT BY CASE It means “for this reason.” MEANS The author wants to provide an explanation of what was said before as an example, an illustration of his thoughts.

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1.Choose your own introductory word, which should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this introductory word. (1) The geological processes that shape the appearance and internal structure of our planet proceed extremely slowly and cannot be directly observed. (2) The only exception is volcanic activity - a grandiose and impressive phenomenon: during volcanic eruptions, the appearance of certain parts of the Earth can change beyond recognition in a matter of days (and sometimes hours and even minutes). (3)<…> that this alone and the possibility of direct contact with the “inner content” of the planet force scientists to take a special interest in the process of volcanism.

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2. Choose your own conjunction, which should stand in the place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down this union. (1) Volcanic magma consists of many components: calcium, magnesium, iron and some others, it contains water vapor and gases. (2)<…>the main component of magma is silicon oxide. (3) The properties of magma, the nature of the eruption - calm or explosive, and the shape of the volcano depend on the amount of this element.

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3. Choose your own demonstrative pronoun, which should take the place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down this pronoun. (1) All substances that we encounter in the world around us are either liquid, or solid, or gaseous. (2) <…> states of substances are called their states of aggregation. (3) Many substances, when cooled or heated, can be transferred from one state of aggregation to another, and at the same time they unexpectedly acquire completely different properties.

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4.Choose your own introductory word, which should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this introductory word. (1) According to scientists, the verb ranks second after the noun in terms of frequency of use in speech. (2) But in texts of different styles, the verb plays a different role: for example, in the official business style there are approximately 6% of verbs, in the scientific style - about 10%, while in artistic texts verbs are used much more often, because writers and poets use them can vividly and figuratively describe the action. (3) <…>, imperative forms of the verb serve as a means of creating emotionally vivid incentive structures.

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5.Choose the word yourself that should fill the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write this word down. (1) Creating a well-protected computer system is impossible without a thorough analysis of potential threats to its security. (2) Specialists have compiled a list of actions that need to be carried out in each specific case in order to present scenarios for possible attacks on a computer system. (3)<…> that when analyzing potential threats to the security of a computer system, the expert put himself in the place of an attacker trying to penetrate this system, that is, the specialist needed to understand what an attacker is from whom he needs to protect himself.

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6.Independently select a conjunction that should stand in the place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this union. (1) The well-being of the economy of our country and all Russians depends on the work of the oil and gas fields of Western Siberia - after all, the export of hydrocarbons provides more than 60% of Russia’s foreign exchange earnings and the majority of budget revenues. (2)High oil and gas prices in the 2000s. contributed to the rapid economic growth of the country, and budget revenues from their exports made it possible to increase the salaries of public sector workers and pensions. (3)<…> such dependence of Russia on the export of oil and gas carries with it the constant threat of a new economic downturn due to the fall in world energy prices, which is impossible to predict.

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7.Choose your own subordinating conjunction, which should take the place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down this union. (1) For the Antarctic voyage under the command of Bellingshausen, the Admiralty equipped two ships: the sloops Mirny and Vostok, which turned out to be not the best choice and had a negative impact on the plans of the expedition. (2)<...> "Mirny", built according to the design of Russian engineers Kolodkin and Kurepanov and fortified by captain Lazarev before the start of the expedition, showed itself brilliantly in the ice campaign, then "Vostok", designed by British engineers, was qualitatively inferior to "Mirny" and turned out to be so weak for navigation in polar ice, which meant that by the end of the expedition the condition of the sloop was unsatisfactory. (3) This prompted Bellingshausen to think about ending the expedition early, and then forced him to decide to return.

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8.Choose your own coordinating conjunction, which should be in the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this union. (1) One method of obtaining essential oils is enfleurage, which is based on the use of purified fat, which allows the absorption of essential oils. (2) This process is good because you can extract the essential oil without subjecting the plants or objects containing odorous substances to heat treatment. (3)<…> currently enfleurage is not used in perfumery, as it requires a lot of time and raw materials.

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9.Choose your own adverb that should fill the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this adverb. (1) At the end of the 18th century, a movement known as “romanticism” arose in philosophy and art. (2) Instead of the cult of common sense and reason, romanticism began to affirm the cult of human feelings. (3) in the field of art, romanticism brought to the fore the genre of landscape painting: pictures of nature evoke a predominantly non-rational, emotional response in the human soul.

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10.Independently select a combination of words that should fill the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this combination of words. (1) In the sea, around a volcanic crater located on the surface of a volcano or shallow underwater, a reef forms - a ring-shaped elevation. (2) It consists of the skeletons of corals - microscopic sea creatures, millions of which live in warm sea water at shallow depths. (3)<…> the volcanic island collapses and sinks under water, the coral reef rises higher and higher.

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11.Independently select a conjunction that should stand in the place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this union. (1)The car radiator is a closed system, which causes difficulties in winter. (2) At temperatures below zero, ordinary water freezes and blocks the radiator pipes, causing the engine to overheat, and, even worse, the frozen water expands and can explode the pipes. (3)<…>water for the radiator is mixed with antifreeze - a sugar-containing liquid that prevents water from turning into ice even at sub-zero temperatures.

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12. Choose your own demonstrative particle, which should stand in the place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this particle. (1) Owls' plumage coloration is usually “protective”, that is, it blends in with its surroundings, helping the bird to remain unnoticed during the daytime rest. (2) The feathers of forest owls are usually brownish in color, while species living in coniferous forests have a grayish tint. (3)<…> owls that live in the desert, and their relatives found on flat terrain, are distinguished by a lighter, almost reddish color; Snowy owls have snow-white plumage.

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13.Choose your own introductory word, which should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down this introductory word. (1) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin’s outstanding intelligence for animals and its rare learning abilities. (2)<…> dolphins are very smart: in the seas they save their wounded brethren, together or alone pushing them out of the water so that the victims can breathe; These animals and people have been saved more than once. (3) The intelligence of dolphins is also evidenced by the fact that in captivity they have learned to perform many different tricks, but the fact that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to that of a human will hardly ever be proven.

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14. Independently select an intensifying particle that should stand in the place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down this particle. (1) There were many skilled artisans and craftsmen in Rus', excellent hunters and brave fishermen, brilliant architects, icon painters, and musicians; Our land was famous for its warriors and wise statesmen. (2)<…> the main occupation of the Eastern Slavs for many centuries was agriculture. (3) Therefore, ancient Russian culture as a whole reflected the worldview of the farmer.

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15.Independently select a clarifying particle that should stand in the place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down this particle. (1) The consequence of the incessant struggle for existence in the animal world is natural selection - a process that eliminates less adapted organisms and favors more adapted organisms. (2) In this competition, those representatives of the species who turn out to be the most viable, that is, adapted to specific living conditions, gain an advantage. (3)<…> they have a greater chance of leaving behind full-fledged offspring.

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CHECK 1-naturally, of course, unconditionally 2-but 3-these 4-for example 5-it turned out, it turned out 6-despite this 7-if 8 - however, but 9- not by chance 10-as 11. - so 12 - here's 13 - no doubt, of course 14 - still 15 - after all

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Task 24. Means of connecting sentences in the text. Preparation for the Unified State Exam

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LEXICAL MEANS OF CONNECTING SENTENCES IN THE TEXT 1 Words of one thematic group Winter in these parts can be harsh and long. Frosts reach 60 degrees. Snow remains until June. And there are also snowstorms in April. 2 Lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases), including repetitions of key words, the use of cognate words We discussed the book we read for a long time. This book had what we were waiting for. And our expectations were not in vain. 3 Synonyms and synonymous replacements (including contextual synonyms, synonymous and descriptive phrases and generic designations) The work of A. S. Pushkin was of particular importance for the development of the Russian literary language. The great Russian poet managed in his works to organically combine high Old Slavonicisms, foreign language borrowings and elements of lively colloquial speech. 4 Antonyms (including contextual ones) The enemy agrees. A friend is arguing. 5 Words and phrases with the meaning of logical connections of sentences and summary words like this is why, therefore, it follows from this, let's summarize, in conclusion, etc. Sea water contains a lot of salt. This is why it is not suitable for cooking.

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MORPHOLOGICAL MEANS OF CONNECTING SENTENCES 1 Conjunctions, allied words and particles at the beginning of sentences The rain is noisy outside the window. But the house is warm and cozy. 2 The use of personal (in the 3rd letter), demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences Language is not inherited by a person. It develops only in the process of communication. 3 Use of adverbs of time and place, which in meaning can relate to several independent sentences at once. Mountains were visible to the left. The river shone in a narrow strip. Small groves turned green. Everywhere here it was quiet and calm. 4 Unity of tense forms of predicate verbs Night came unexpectedly. It became dark. The stars lit up in the sky. 5 Using degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs The place was beautiful. It couldn't have been better. We found ourselves above the clouds. There was nothing higher anymore.

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Pronoun categories Personal I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they Reflexive self Possessive my, your, your, yours, our, his, her, their Interrogative who, what, which, whose, where, which, from , how many, which, which, what, why Relative who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which, what, why, when Demonstrative that, this, so much, such, such, this, there Definitive every, every, himself, most , any, other, other, all Negative no one, nothing, no, no one, no one, nothing, no need Indefinite someone, all, something, some, several, someone, something, any, always, etc.

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Discharges of particles negation is not, nor, not at all, far from, not at all a question, is it really, is it, is an indication here, there, this clarification is precisely, just, directly, precisely, exactly the same limitation, selection only, only, exclusively, almost, solely, -exclamation what for, well, and, as an intensification even, same, nor, after all, really, everything, after all, well, doubt hardly, hardly. relaxation of the requirement

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SYNTACTIC MEANS OF CONNECTING SENTENCES 1 Syntactic parallelism, which presupposes the same word order and the same morphological design of members of adjacent sentences Youth is a time of hope. Maturity is the time for achievements. 2 Parcellation (division) of constructions, removal of any part from a sentence and its design (after a period) in the form of an independent incomplete sentence. To love the Motherland means to live one life with it. Rejoice when she has a holiday. To suffer when the Motherland is having a hard time. 3 Using incomplete sentences - Do you know what we were arguing about? — About literature, music, painting. 4 Using introductory words and sentences, appeals, rhetorical questions First, you need to decide what is most important now. And secondly, you need to start taking action. Is it possible to forget the land where you grew up? 5 Using forward and backward word order I'll come in the evening. I will come to finally see you.

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1. Among sentences 19–25, find one(s) that is related to the previous one using a possessive pronoun. (19) For years there has been an undiminished queue at the Hermitage. (20) From morning to evening its halls are full of townspeople and visitors from afar. (21) Some of those who come here will actually get something for themselves, will be somehow excited by the works of great masters, but how many of them will come here to check in, to say that they were in the Hermitage, for prestige, how many of them will glide indifferently - with a calm look, remembering to know! (22) Ermakov, he was not in the Hermitage at all, and he was not in Pavlovsk, and in Pushkin. (23) I was in Peterhof, I saw the fountains. (24) The enormous cultural and artistic life of a city like St. Petersburg passes by it. (25) But perhaps this frank disinterest is more honest than formal introduction to culture.

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2. Among sentences 44−48, find the one(s) that are connected with the previous one using a personal pronoun. (44) - Wait here! (45) I'll ask someone! - I said and headed across the road to a woman who was fiddling with flowers in the front garden. (46) Having learned nothing from her, I moved on. (47) But there was no one in the courtyards, I crossed the street, then another alley... (48) And then I went to the university.

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3. Among sentences 26−29, find the one(s) that are connected(s) with the previous one using a personal pronoun and contextual synonyms. (25) But who was the true creator of the seventh miracle, its real builder? (26) People found out about this many years later. (27) It turns out that the architect made indentations on the stone slabs of the lighthouse and carved the words in them: “Sostratus, son of Dexiphanes of Cnidus, to the savior gods for the sake of sailors.” (28) He covered the inscription with lime, rubbed it with marble chips and inscribed on it, as required by the pharaoh: “Ptolemy Philadelphus.” (29) This always happens. (30) The true price of a person is revealed sooner or later.

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4. Among sentences 27−34, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using lexical repetition and contextual synonym. (26) Then my winding came loose. (27) I put my foot on the stool and began to wrap it around my leg, but continued to say: (28) - And I will teach you this! (29) The listeners choked with laughter. (30) “Everything is lost!” - I thought with despair. (31) But there is nowhere to retreat. (32) Pretending that I did not hear laughter, I ordered: (33) - Reveal any regulations in any place! (34) The duty officer hastened to open one of the blue books.

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5. Among sentences 43−48, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. (43) Probably, for everyone, like me, the unsweetened things of the day receded, the unsweetened things of the day were forgotten, and something else awoke, after all, the New Year is indeed close... (44) I left the carriage with a light heart, I did not rush, letting those in a hurry pass . (45) The road is glorious: birches and pine trees guard the path; It’s not painfully cold, but my soul is completely warm. (46) Thanks to the girl who was carried away by the train. (47) And to help her - a clear crimson sunset over black spruce trees, a rivulet muttering in the darkness under a flexible wooden bridge, talking in the distance, children's laughter and, of course, hope. (48) So go ahead, man...

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6. Among sentences 6−11, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using an adverb and lexical repetition. (b) Once in one of the capital’s newspapers, known for its accusatory pathos, I came across an article in which the author argued that patriotism is characteristic only of gray, primitive, underdeveloped natures, in which individual feeling has not yet fully matured. (7) Then the author, proving the thesis that heroic selflessness is generated not by nobility, as is commonly thought, but by the underdevelopment of the personal principle, cites excerpts from Ulyana Gromova’s farewell letter. (8) During the Great Patriotic War, this girl became one of the leaders of the underground organization “Young Guard,” which included people, many of whom were not even twenty years old. (9) The guys put up leaflets with messages about the situation at the front, hung out red flags, and showed everyone that the occupiers had conquered the city, but had not conquered the people. (10) The Nazis captured the underground workers, savagely tortured them, and then executed them. (11) Ulyana Gromova managed to write a letter to her family before her death.

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7. Among sentences 2–6, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun and synonyms. (1) Hundreds of books have been written about the Battle of Borodino, every minute of this dramatic event has been studied up and down in the smallest detail. (2) But there is one moment, mysterious, almost mystical, which requires deep understanding. (3) Let's imagine that you are playing chess with a respected grandmaster. (4) Your situation is dire, the crowded spectators have already waved their hand in doom, suggesting that you not waste time and throw out the white flag. (5) What would any person familiar with the rules of the game do in such a situation? (6) He will analyze the position on the board and, realizing the futility of his resistance, humbly capitulate.

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8. Among sentences 29–35, find the one(s) that are related to the previous one using possessive and personal pronouns. (29) A lot of management really gathered there. (30) And these were Slava’s last words, because he knew that no one could get out of the boat. (31) But there were people around him in the compartment, and the senior assistant commander considered it necessary to make jokes in order to support their will. (32) The storm cut off the emergency buoy through which communication was carried out, and Slava could not say anything more. (33) When the boat was raised, the senior mate was found on the lowest step of the ladder to the exit hatch. (34) His subordinates were ahead of him. (35) He fulfilled his duty as a naval officer to the very end. (Zb) Even if they managed to leave the boat, he would have been the last to leave.

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9. Among sentences 1–8, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using cognate words. (1) One hundred twenty-five years is very little on the scales of true art. (2) In such a short time, however, you can manage to turn your back on your own delight and put a question mark over the yesterday of true art. (3) We are called upon - agreed - including myself - to write about genius. (4) To write is to judge. (5) Is a genius subject to trial? (6) Is it possible that a piece of stationery was sent to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin with a demand to immediately review “Boris Godunov” and throw out everything from this book that I do not understand or disagree with? (7) The answer is clear. (8) So, you can only write what he gave you and what you took from him and, perhaps, more: did you keep it to this day?

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10. Among sentences 14−17, find one(s) that is connected(s) with the previous one using a conjunction. (14) You experience something similar in a dream when, creeping up to the door, you hear behind it the secretive, bated breath of some indescribable creature, which is just waiting for the moment to insert its knee, a small crack will open slightly, and burst into your warm, lived-in home . (15) It seems that humanity has approached the end of the modest eternity allotted to it. (16) And science, having rushed through the zero phase of time and physical existence, will burst into another, not yet mastered mathematical space, transferring there the intellectual capital of the universe. (17) The now obvious collapse of yesterday’s era will end with an inevitable revision of the sadly unjustified pairing of Good and Evil.

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11. Among sentences 37-43, find one(s) that is (s) related to the previous one using a demonstrative pronoun, synonyms and word forms. (36) It seems that they are looking for something. (37) It seems that in their souls there lives a vague idea of ​​some unknown land, where life is more righteous and better. (38) But it would be even more accurate to say that they are running from something. (39) And they are running, of course, from melancholy - this very special, incomprehensible, inexpressible, sometimes causeless Russian melancholy. (40) In “Boris Godunov” Mussorgsky depicts with amazing power a unique representative of this vagabond Russia - Varlaam. (41) Mussorgsky, with incomparable skill and power, conveyed the worldview of this tramp - either a defrocked monk, or just some former church minister. (42) The melancholy in Varlaam is bottomless, like the ocean. (43) Wherever this tramp goes, he goes with a ready consciousness of his absolute uselessness.

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12. Among sentences 52-62, find the one(s) that are connected with the previous one using a conjunction, a personal pronoun and a demonstrative pronoun. (52) Cowardice in a difficult hour for the Motherland requires punishment. (53) But who would now raise a hand against this pitiful, shriveled man with eyes dimmed from suffering, who survived seven thousand days of fear, who punished himself beyond all measure! (54) This man still says: “We only live once.” (55) But he understands how merciless these words are for him. (56) Twenty golden years have been crossed out in life. (57) And now what kind of life is it? (58) Not everyone offers a hand. (59) And when walking through the village, a keen ear catches a whisper: - (60) Deserter... (61) Contempt of people is the most severe punishment for a person. (62) But we only live once...

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Answers 20 46 28 34 47 7 5 34 5 16 41 55

KIM structure

The control measurement materials for 2020, 2020 and 2021 are similar in content, which will allow graduates to better prepare for the tests. The following minor innovations are planned for 2021:

• changing the wording of task No. 9 and the method of providing language material;
• clarification of the wording of task No. 27 (essay);
• finalization of essay evaluation criteria;
• increase in PB from 58 to 59 points.

The 2021 KIM will feature 27 tasks, divided into two blocks:

In this case, 24 questions will relate to the basic level of complexity, and 3 – to the advanced level. There are no tasks of a high level of difficulty in the Russian language exam.

Test part

The quantitative distribution of questions in Part 1 across the main content sections will be as follows:

A complete list of all topics tested in 2021 at the Unified State Exam in the Russian language discipline can be found in the codifier. The document is posted on the official website of FIPI.

Answer form No. 1 is subject to digitization and automated verification, the results of which cannot be disputed. That is why it is important to follow the basic rules for filling out the forms that are given in this video.

Composition

Most graduates are worried about this part of the work, considering task No. 27 the most difficult in the 2021 exam. In fact, everything is not so scary, because:

• the examinee writes an essay based on the text he read;
• there is a strictly defined structure for the Unified State Examination essay, following which it is much easier to write a paper;
• when writing, you can use ready-made cliches;
• There are many “universal works” in literature in which one can easily find arguments for a variety of directions and topics.

It is important to remember that the work must ultimately contain more than 150 words.

Important! Essays of less than 70 words will not be graded. Works within 70-150 words are evaluated, but are not given maximum points according to the main criteria.

Part I

Task 4

In one of the words below, an error was made in the placement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound was highlighted incorrectly.

Write this word down.

profited

veinAxis

true

took up

This task varies in difficulty. The demo version provides a fairly easy-to-use set of words. There was a mistake in the last word: not taken, but taken. Here the rule for placing stress on a number of verbs in the feminine past tense form is applied: the stress falls on the ending, although in other forms it falls on the stem: took, took.

Basic rules for setting Russian accent

1. Monosyllabic masculine nouns have an accent on the ending in the singular genitive case; bandage - bandage, pancake - pancake, bob - boba.
2. Feminine nouns in the accusative singular form are partly stressed on the ending, and partly based on: With stress on the ending: beda, tops, armor (protective covering), widow, spring, count, gum, length, hole, snake, ash , hut, pickaxe, goat, hole, sheep. With emphasis on the basis: beard, mountain, board, earth, winter, time, back, wall, price, cheek, etc.
3. Some nouns of the 3rd declension in the genitive plural form are pronounced with an emphasis on the stem, and some with an emphasis on the ending: With an emphasis on the stem: elevations, stupidities, insolences, localities, mouths, honors, profits. With emphasis on the ending: branches, handfuls, posts, poles, brushes, news, regions, queues, lashes, planes, squares, stories, roles, networks, tablecloths, speeds, degrees, sterlet th, shadows, canes, quarters, slits, etc. .
4. Difficulties are caused by placing stress on a number of verbs in the past tense form. Here we can distinguish three groups of verbs: 1) with emphasis on the base in all forms: beat - beat, beat, beat, beat; shave - shaved, shaved, shaved, shaved; blow - blow, blow, blow, blow; 2) with emphasis on the base in all forms, except for the feminine form (the emphasis goes to the ending): take - took, took, took, took; to be - was, was, was, were; vit - vila, vila, vilo, vili; 3) with emphasis on the prefix in all forms, except for the feminine form (in which the emphasis goes to the ending): donyat - got it, got it, got it, got it; freeze - froze, froze, froze, froze; borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed.
5. A similar phenomenon is observed in some passive past participles: in the feminine form, in some cases the emphasis falls on the ending, in others - on the prefix: 1) taken - taken, taken, taken, taken; twisted - vit, vit, vito, vit; obsolete - obsolete, obsolete, obsolete, obsolete; begun - started, started, started, begun; 2) dialed - dialed, dialed, dialed, dialed; named - named, named, named, named; called - called, called, called, called; convened, convened.
6. There are two groups in verbs in -ify: with an emphasis on and (the majority of them) and with an emphasis on a: With an emphasis on I: to vote, to embalm, to block, to guarantee, to debate, to conduct, to disqualify. With emphasis on A: to bombard, corrugate, engrave, make up, group, form, etc. However: to aerate, normalize, etc.
7. Similar groups are distinguished among the passive past participles formed from verbs in -irovat: the form on -irovat corresponds to the form on -irovanny, the form on -irovat corresponds to the form on -irovanny: 1) block - blocked, plan - planned, illustrate - illustrated, stage - staged, 2) bombard - bombarded, varnish - varnished, seal - sealed, reward - awarded, form - formed, etc.

Answer: I did.

Unified State Exam 2020. Russian language. Collection of tasks: 1000 tasks with answers

The book contains tasks of different types and levels of complexity on topics whose knowledge is tested on the Unified State Exam, as well as comments on them.
Answers are provided for all tasks. It will help you practice completing assignments, repeat the material you have covered, and effectively prepare for taking the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. Buy

Assessment

Having completed all 27 tasks from the KIM Unified State Exam 2021 in the Russian language, an 11th grader can score a maximum of 59 PB (primary points), which, when translated according to the corresponding table compiled by FIPI, will be interpreted as 100 test points.

For completing individual tasks of Part 1 in 2021, the following maximum possible points are established:

You can get a maximum of 25 primary points

. The written text will be assessed according to 12 main criteria:

Important! In 2021, you can get a maximum of 6 points for the K-2 criterion (in 2020 there were 5). Otherwise the criteria have not changed.

An essay will be graded “0 points” if:

• its volume will be less than 70 words;
• Form No. 2 will simply contain a rewritten text from the assignment without any argumentation;
• the essay will not correspond to the topic and problem raised in the text.

The essay is subject to peer review. This means that it will be checked by 2 independent experts. As a result, the following scenarios are possible:

• expert assessments coincide – ideal;
• the estimates do not match, but the difference is less than 8 PB - the arithmetic mean is taken into account;
• the grades do not coincide by more than 8 points - the essay will be sent to a third expert for review, whose opinion will be decisive.

For more information on how to pass the Russian language with the maximum score and write an essay on the Unified State Exam, watch this video (just take into account the small changes introduced in 2021).

What is the Unified State Examination according to the Russian Unified State Examination. What are the requirements and criteria? What is CMM?

Current videos on the Russian language

How ready are you for the Unified State Exam in Russian? Take a free rapid test. TAKE THE TEST

Lexical norms

Dictionary of paronyms

December essay for the Unified State Exam in Russian language 2019-2020

What has changed in the December essay in 2020? Current videos on the December essay

How to prepare for the December essay 2018?

Read our materials.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian

• Task 1 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 2 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 3 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 4 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 5 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 6 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 7 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 8 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 9 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 10 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 11 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 12 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 13 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 14 on the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 15 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 16 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 17 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 18 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 19 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 20 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 21 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 22 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 23 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 24 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 25 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
• Task 26 for the Unified State Exam in Russian.

Articles

• What will happen at the OGE in Russian in 2020?
• Orthoepy task.
• Rules for setting accents.
• What does it mean to be a humanitarian?
• Example of an essay on 24 - 1
• Example of an essay on 24 - 2
• Example of an essay on 24 - 3