Speech is an integral part of the life of not only an adult, but also a child. As children master speech, changes occur in the cerebral cortex, memory improves and thinking changes. The natural period of speech formation is the first three years of a child’s life.
This is the most favorable time for mastering your native language. How quickly a kindergartener masters speech depends on many factors. For convenience, two groups of factors can be distinguished: biological and social. The first group includes physical health and heredity. And the second is the environment in which the kindergartener grows and develops.
Speech development in children
Features of speech development in young children
Each baby must go through several stages to master speech
Natural periods of baby speech formation
The first is the stage of preparation for verbal speech. It occurs before the age of one year.
The second is mastering the basics of the language, clear pronunciation of sounds. One of the shortest periods, ending at approximately three years.
The third is daily practice of speaking and correct sentence construction. This stage affects children from three years to six.
The fourth is mastering written speech.
Now it is necessary to consider in detail the first and second stages, which include subgroups depending on the age of the child.
Important! All children from birth have the need and ability to imitate the speech of adults, which they constantly hear. Therefore, during the first three years, great changes occur in development.
From birth to two months, the only way to communicate with the outside world is to cry. He screams when he's hungry, he's hot, or his diaper pricks. He also calls his mother or other adults if they are not nearby.
At the age of two to three months, children begin to “walk.” During the movement of their vocal cords, they involuntarily produce sounds similar to “a”, “s”, “u”, “g”. They learn to respond to their own name and the names of loved ones.
At three to six months, children begin to babble, repeating the intonation of their mother or father. They respond to their own name. They smile when you talk to them. Starting to like attention.
By six months, the baby begins to pronounce conscious sounds and syllables. For example, “ma”, “ba”, “la”, “da”. At this time, it is worth repeating the sounds that he makes; he will not only be pleased that people are paying attention to him. But there will also be an understanding of how to speak.
From seven to nine months, speech becomes more formalized, and combinations of syllables appear. “Ma-ma”, “ba-ba”, “pa-pa”, “de-da”, “la-la”. Children also begin to speak with intonation: joyful, pleading, dissatisfied.
Between eleven and thirteen months, babies will continue to master onomatopoeia. For example, a car is driving - “zhzhzh”, a dog is barking - “woof-woof”. In addition, they begin to listen and understand. The words “no”, “come on”, “put it down”, “you can’t” are supported by actions.
By one year, active (used daily, 10-15 words) and passive (understanding, but not used in speech, 30-50 words) dictionaries are formed. There is an interest in books, a desire and interest in listening to long fairy tales. Actively uses gestures. He waves “bye-bye” and nods his head, implying agreement.
Important! At one and a half years old, he actively imitates the speech of his parents, thanks to this his vocabulary increases. Children show parts of the body and know their names: head, arm, leg. In the speech of children, along with nouns, verbs appear that characterize demands and actions.
By the age of two, he tries to construct sentences, which is not always correct. At this stage, it is important to support and guide him in the right direction. He already knows more than 150 words, which he often uses himself and hears from adults. Read fairy tales, if not possible, then turn on audio fairy tales to develop your imagination.
At three years old he can easily form simple sentences. He recites learned poems and retells the plot of his favorite stories. Shows colors correctly, understands the size of an object, and can compare things and events.
Stages of speech development
Table of the sequence of appearance of sounds of the native language in a child’s speech.
The sequence of appearance of sounds of the native language in a child’s speech does not depend on the frequency of their repetition by adults. And which ones are easy to pronounce. Such sounds are associated with physiological characteristics of development.
- Lip sounds are produced by the sucking reflex. “B”, “p”, “f”, “m”, “v”.
- Palatal, posterior lingual are associated with lying on the back. "G", "k", "x".
- Soft vapors due to the tongue being larger than the mouth cavity. “S”, “z”, “n”.
Important! Children do not master new sounds immediately, but with the help of transitional sounds. For example, “b” - “b” - “p”, “g” - “g” - “k”.
The sequence of appearance of sounds of the native language in a child’s speech, table for children from one year to 5 years
Sample plan for consulting parents on speech development in the first junior group
The family has the most significant influence on the child. Therefore, it is very important that relatives and the teacher cooperate when raising a kindergartener.
Important! Parents, with the help of a teacher, must increase their competence in the development of the child. A plan drawn up in relation to the federal standard.
September.
- Parents get to know each other and the teacher at the meeting. The main topic is “Features of two- and three-year-old children.”
- Visual propaganda for parents.
- Open Day - “We are not kids anymore!”
October.
- Families work together to create albums about their lives.
- Consultation and survey on the topic of gardening.
- Outdoor competitions.
November.
- Holiday in honor of mothers. Making gifts for them.
- Memo “Games for developing fine motor skills.”
- Drawing up a diagram - “Daily routine”.
December.
- Creating a New Year's album.
- Fakes for the whole family.
- New Year holiday".
January.
- Competition between parents to create a costume based on the Russian folk tale “Teremok”
- Creation of moving folders on the topic “The Benefits of Reading.”
- Open Day.
February.
- Meeting on the topic “Hysterics and whims - what to do?”
- Brochure - “Becoming a child as a person.”
March.
- Decorating a room for the upcoming holidays.
- Photo exhibition “Our souls are our hands”.
April.
- Exhibition of children's drawings.
- Conversation “Drawing as a reflection of the inner world.”
May.
- Parent meeting, summing up the year.
- Matinee “Our favorite kindergarten”.
How to form the correct pronunciation of speech sounds in children
Parents must understand and bear responsibility for the comprehensive development of the child. It is important that from the very beginning of your life you try to correctly pronounce the sounds that are the basis of speech. To do this, he needs to hear the clear, competent speech of those around him.
It is worth taking time to memorize and pronounce tongue twisters, rhymes, and phrases. A preschooler must clearly pronounce and differentiate the sounds of the language. His speech should be understood not only by mom and dad, but also by strangers.
Important! If you have speech defects (distortions), you should contact a speech therapist who will find out the cause of the problem and eliminate it. Correct pronunciation of speech sounds should be developed in children under six years of age.
The role of finger games in the development of speech in young children
The child’s speech is directly related to the motor skills of the fingers, which are connected to the cerebral cortex. Therefore, children begin to speak when their finger movements become precise. Thanks to finger gymnastics, imagination, concentration, and improved pronunciation of sounds develop.
The bond between parents and children strengthens. Finger games can be divided into three groups: static and dynamic exercises for fingers, exercises for hands. Starting from the age of one and a half, you can actively play “Ladushki”, “Magpie-White-sided...”, “The Horned Goat is Coming”, gradually increasing the complexity of the games.
Small folklore genres are an effective means of developing preschoolers’ speech.
Small folklore genres include chants, riddles, nursery rhymes, pestushki, sayings, and lullabies. The active use of such folklore forms contributes to the development of speech, replenishment of vocabulary, and vivid imagination. They are on various topics that contribute to better memorization of the material.
Important! Classes with children are more effective when conducted in a group. Because the child is interested in being with his peers, he looks up to his elders. It is worth sending your child to kindergarten, where not only a teacher, but also a speech therapist will work with him. After all, speech is primarily necessary for socialization.
We read on the topic: Litvinova O. E. “On the speech development of young children”
A book for parents of three-year-olds and teachers of preschool educational institutions. In it you can find not only the theoretical part, but also a GCD compiled in accordance with all federal requirements. The main emphasis is on developing children's innate talents and encouraging their abilities.
The formation of the base of spoken language covers the first years of life. Speech zones are fully formed by the age of three. During this time, he learns to speak, starting with primitive sounds and ending with conscious speech. Therefore, it is important to monitor the timely progress of children. Otherwise, it will be difficult to catch up.
Project in the second junior group "Kolobok"
Tatyana Golubeva
Project in the second junior group "Kolobok"
Project based on the Russian folk tale " Kolobok "
Duration: 2-3 weeks.
Type of project : creative, group , game.
Stage 1. Goal setting.
Project participants : Group , parents, children 2 ml. groups .
Goal: to develop children’s speech activity through the use of small folklore forms.
Relevance for parents. By communicating with young children and raising them, we get a unique opportunity to return to our own childhood and immerse ourselves in joyful memories. A fairy tale is the most accessible material for the development of children’s mental activity (speech, thinking, memory, attention, perception)
.
Relevance for children. By introducing children to the magical world of fairy tales, we undoubtedly instill in them a love of words and an interest in fairy tales. Fairy tales for children, in addition to being purely entertaining, also contain educational, research and creative elements, because they: develop hearing and pronunciation, form the concept of “good”
and
“evil”
, promote memory development and enrich vocabulary
The world of a fairy tale is wonderful: it is fascinating and unique . The perception of the text of a work becomes more effective if it has been read and the illustrations have been examined, and also if the fairy tale has been played.
Goals for parents: Creating conditions for positive interaction between adults and children, developing mutual understanding, creative cooperation.
Goals for children: Creating conditions for the development of sustainable interest in fairy tales, the development of cognitive activity.
Objectives: to promote the development of the child’s speech, introduce children to the folklore work about the kolobok , continue to teach children to listen to the teacher’s speech, delve into the meaning of the fairy tale, encourage the child to repeat words and phrases and works after the teacher, expand their understanding of wild animals, encourage them to perform movements to music, sing along to songs, listen carefully to musical works, develop children's interest in artistic creativity, develop cognitive abilities, children's perception, enrich motor experience through outdoor games, develop an emotional response to their favorite work, hand motor skills, creativity, cultivate a love of fairy tales, a caring attitude to animals.
Tasks for the teacher: draw up a project and implement it in different types of children's activities, involve parents in the implementation of the project .
Tasks for parents:
• Involve modern parents in reading fairy tales to children.
• Expand understanding of the moral meaning of the fairy tale “ Kolobok ”
.
• Enrich parents' knowledge about ways to interact with children and preschool educational institutions.
• creating a mini-museum in a group , showing a performance based on a fairy tale for children.
Tasks for children:
Educational:
• create the necessary conditions for getting to know the world of fairy tales
• expand your horizons, vocabulary, knowledge about the norms and rules of behavior and safety;
Stage 2: Project .
Final event: dramatization of the fairy tale “ Kolobok ”
parents to children.
Project product : creation of a mini-museum in the Kolobok group
, creation of a mask theater, photo report on
the project .
Expected result of the project :
Parents are creative in raising their children;
Children develop an interest in fairy tales and treat books with care. Speech activity in children has increased, children know the work, say phrases from a fairy tale, learned finger exercises based on a fairy tale, learned how to grow bread, what can be baked from flour, and contributed to the development of a caring attitude towards bread. Received the necessary knowledge about wild animals; the teacher improved the technique of project activities ; parents participate in the educational activities of children in kindergarten.
Stage 3. Project implementation .
Project implementation plan .
Educational areas Types of children's activities
Physical education Outdoor games: “The little white bunny is sitting...”
,
“Catch the fox”
,
“Jump over the stream in the forest”
.
Movements: jump like bunnies, walk like a bear.
Health Conversation “Healthy vegetables for the bunny”
,
“I love vitamins”
,
“Let’s teach Mishka to brush his teeth”
.
Safety Conversation-game “buying out a bun ”
.
Socialization Didactic games: “Wonderful bag”
(vegetables for the animals,
“Who Got Away?”
(characters from a fairy tale,
Role-playing game “baking bagels for the chanterelle”
.
Labor Sweep the path from the leaves for Kolobok .
Cognition Direct educational area:
Cognition: “how bread grows”
,
“Animal forests”
, construction:
“Let’s build a house for
a bun ” ,
“A fence around the house for grandparents”
.
Communication Finger games " Kolobok "
Dramatization game table theater " Kolobok "
.
Reading fiction, making riddles about animals from fairy tales, reading “ Kolobok ”
, poems about animals.
Artistic creativity of Lepka: “ Kolobok ”
.
Coloring " bun "
Music Game using musical instruments “show the hero”
Working with parents:
— invite parents to create a mini-museum based on the fairy tale Kolobok , making a three-dimensional character using different techniques.
— invite parents to play the fairy tale Kolobok using mask theater.
— consultation for parents “the role of fairy tales in the development and upbringing of a child”
— information sheet “what to read to 3-year-old children”
.
Project based on the Russian folk tale " Kolobok "
Duration: 2-3 weeks.
Type of project : creative, group , game.
Stage 1. Goal setting.
Project participants : Group , parents, children 2 ml. groups .
Goal: to develop children’s speech activity through the use of small folklore forms.
Relevance for parents. By communicating with young children and raising them, we get a unique opportunity to return to our own childhood and immerse ourselves in joyful memories. A fairy tale is the most accessible material for the development of children’s mental activity (speech, thinking, memory, attention, perception)
.
Relevance for children. By introducing children to the magical world of fairy tales, we undoubtedly instill in them a love of words and an interest in fairy tales. Fairy tales for children, in addition to being purely entertaining, also contain educational, research and creative elements, because they: develop hearing and pronunciation, form the concept of “good”
and
“evil”
, promote memory development and enrich vocabulary
The world of a fairy tale is wonderful: it is fascinating and unique . The perception of the text of a work becomes more effective if it has been read and the illustrations have been examined, and also if the fairy tale has been played.
Goals for parents: Creating conditions for positive interaction between adults and children, developing mutual understanding, creative cooperation.
Goals for children: Creating conditions for the development of sustainable interest in fairy tales, the development of cognitive activity.
Objectives: to promote the development of the child’s speech, introduce children to the folklore work about the kolobok , continue to teach children to listen to the teacher’s speech, delve into the meaning of the fairy tale, encourage the child to repeat words and phrases and works after the teacher, expand their understanding of wild animals, encourage them to perform movements to music, sing along to songs, listen carefully to musical works, develop children's interest in artistic creativity, develop cognitive abilities, children's perception, enrich motor experience through outdoor games, develop an emotional response to their favorite work, hand motor skills, creativity, cultivate a love of fairy tales, a caring attitude to animals.
Tasks for the teacher: draw up a project and implement it in different types of children's activities, involve parents in the implementation of the project .
Tasks for parents:
• Involve modern parents in reading fairy tales to children.
• Expand understanding of the moral meaning of the fairy tale “ Kolobok ”
.
• Enrich parents' knowledge about ways to interact with children and preschool educational institutions.
• creating a mini-museum in a group , showing a performance based on a fairy tale for children.
Tasks for children:
Educational:
• create the necessary conditions for getting to know the world of fairy tales
• expand your horizons, vocabulary, knowledge about the norms and rules of behavior and safety;
Stage 2: Project .
Final event: dramatization of the fairy tale “ Kolobok ”
parents to children.
Project product : creation of a mini-museum in the Kolobok group
, creation of a mask theater, photo report on
the project .
Expected result of the project :
Parents are creative in raising their children;
Children develop an interest in fairy tales and treat books with care. Speech activity in children has increased, children know the work, say phrases from a fairy tale, learned finger exercises based on a fairy tale, learned how to grow bread, what can be baked from flour, and contributed to the development of a caring attitude towards bread. Received the necessary knowledge about wild animals; the teacher improved the technique of project activities ; parents participate in the educational activities of children in kindergarten.
Stage 3. Project implementation .
Project implementation plan .
Educational areas Types of children's activities
Physical education Outdoor games: “The little white bunny is sitting...”
,
“Catch the fox”
,
“Jump over the stream in the forest”
.
Movements: jump like bunnies, walk like a bear.
Health Conversation “Healthy vegetables for the bunny”
,
“I love vitamins”
,
“Let’s teach Mishka to brush his teeth”
.
Safety Conversation-game “buying out a bun ”
.
Socialization Didactic games: “Wonderful bag”
(vegetables for the animals,
“Who Got Away?”
(characters from a fairy tale,
Role-playing game “baking bagels for the chanterelle”
.
Labor Sweep the path from the leaves for Kolobok .
Cognition Direct educational area:
Cognition: “how bread grows”
,
“Animal forests”
, construction:
“Let’s build a house for
a bun ” ,
“A fence around the house for grandparents”
.
Communication Finger games " Kolobok "
Dramatization game table theater " Kolobok "
.
Reading fiction, making riddles about animals from fairy tales, reading “ Kolobok ”
, poems about animals.
Artistic creativity of Lepka: “ Kolobok ”
.
Coloring " bun "
Music Game using musical instruments “show the hero”
Working with parents:
— invite parents to create a mini-museum based on the fairy tale Kolobok , making a three-dimensional character using different techniques.
— invite parents to play the fairy tale Kolobok using mask theater.
— consultation for parents “the role of fairy tales in the development and upbringing of a child”
— information sheet “what to read to 3-year-old children”
.
